Cristian Martonos | USAMV Cluj Napoca (original) (raw)

Papers by Cristian Martonos

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, May 29, 2023

The knowledge of normal microscopical peculiarities of the digestive system in mammals is essenti... more The knowledge of normal microscopical peculiarities of the digestive system in mammals is essential, but information regarding certain structures is still scarce in numerous species. Our study aims to highlight the normal morphological features of the cardia region in domestic rabbits, as regards the overall appearance, structure, and dimensions of the gastric pits, including a description of the cells located in gastric glands. The cardia region of five domestic rabbits underwent tissue sampling, followed by fixation in 10% buffered formalin, paraffin embedding, and later sectioned at 5 µm in thickness. Eventually, the samples were stained by Goldner's trichrome method. The microscopical examination has revealed the presence of gastric pits and glands in the entire cardia region of the rabbit, with a different morphological appearance from one zone to another. Gastric pits have the smallest depth immediately after the oesophagogastric junction, which gradually increases and decreases afterwards as it approaches the fundic zone. The gastric glands contain basically four cell types in various proportions, including serous cells, mucous cells, parietal cells, and chief cells. Other peculiarities of the gastric mucosa in the cardia region in rabbits include a thick mucosa with a loose and prominent lamina propria, and an ill-defined muscularis mucosae that is not organized in distinct layers as in other species. The detailed microanatomical structure of the cardia region of the stomach is necessary for understanding the digestion processes in rabbits, species used as a model in diverse fields of research including the pathology of the digestive system.

Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology, Nov 26, 2023

The material presented was in a decent state of conservation, allowing, in most cases, only parti... more The material presented was in a decent state of conservation, allowing, in most cases, only partial measurements. The material belonged to one single horse (Equus caballus), which was evaluated from an anatomical perspective and an osteometrical as well. According to the concluded data, the bones belonged to a young individual, no more than 2-2.5 years old, with an average height calculated, based on the measured long bones, of 135 cm. The gracility indices point to a medium- slender individual. Comparative data from a few Avar period discoveries in the territory of Romania, Hungary and Croatia allow a much larger perspective on the morphology of the identified individuals.

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, Nov 14, 2022

Mucin plays a very important role in the physiological function of the stomach in all species, bu... more Mucin plays a very important role in the physiological function of the stomach in all species, but the representation of mucin-secreting cells differs from species to species. The aim of this study was to highlight these cells in the stomach of the Wistar rat. For histological investigations, fragments of the stomach from the three main regions (cardiac, fundic and pyloric) were harvested from four Wistar rats and further stained with PAS and Alcian blue methods. The histochemical results showed the presence of mucin-secreting cells in the examined tissues. An intense PAS positive reaction was found in the surface epithelium cells of the gastric mucosa and in the cells lining the gastric crypts in all the three segments. In the deep glandular structures, the cells of the cardiac and fundic glands are PAS negative, while those of the pyloric glands are all PAS positive. For Alcian blue reaction, the cells lining the gastric mucosa and the crypts in the three regions of the stomach were negative. In the glands, the cells of the cardiac and fundic glands were Alcian negative while in the pyloric glands, a limited number of cells arranged in the deep third of the glands showed a weak positive Alcian reaction. In conclusion, the vast majority of glandular cells in the rat's stomach do not synthesize acidic mucins, except for cells in the deep part of the pyloric glands, which synthesize small amounts of such mucins.

Research Square (Research Square), Aug 20, 2020

Background: Carbofuran is a widely used broad-spectrum pesticide that, despite strict regulation ... more Background: Carbofuran is a widely used broad-spectrum pesticide that, despite strict regulation and being banned for more than a decade, is still encountered in cases of intentional poisoning in dogs and wildlife. The objective of the study was to provide a complete and detailed description of the pathological, histological and toxicological ndings of 7 cases of intentional carbofuran poisoning in dogs. Results: In this retrospective study, 7 cases of carbofuran intoxication recorded from July 2015 to June 2017 were analyzed. Following complete history recording, all cases were examined by complete necropsy and histopathology. Carbofuran intoxication was con rmed in all cases by gas chromatography. The postmortem examination revealed extensive hemorrhaging and congestion located mainly within the respiratory, nervous and cardiovascular systems, accompanied by degeneration and necrosis within the lungs, heart, and kidneys. Conclusions: Although carbamates have been banned in the European Union, carbamate poisoning is still frequently encountered, especially in wild animals. This paper will contribute to a better understanding of the occurrence and pathogenesis of acute carbofuran exposure in dogs and contribute some peculiar pathological features of this type of poisoning to the current literature.

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, Nov 22, 2013

Preservation of anatomical specimens and animal products represents a current issue in terms of t... more Preservation of anatomical specimens and animal products represents a current issue in terms of the need to maintain them for longer periods of time, and in view of certain religious precepts. Scientific progress has allowed the prevention of the decomposition of certain tissues, organs, cadavers, and so on, and this has become a necessity for many areas of biology, medical research in education centers. Currently there are multiple preservation techniques for anatomical preparations used in specialized laboratories, intended to meet certain quality standards, such preserving anatomical characteristics of living tissues, low costs involved in preparation and maintenance and reduced health risks in handling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of maceration and boiling techniques applied to the bird cadavers, from the perspective obtaining a complete skeleton. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Each of the experimental techniques was applied to two bird cadavers. The obtained results show that the conservation technique through boiling has a high greater applicability because it does not require special equipment, the costs are reduced, however the risk of bone degradation is high, these being small and fragile. The maceration technique using insects from the Dermestes Maculatus genus, in the larval stage, has the advantages of obtaining a clean skeleton, without residual muscles fragments, this technique being also simple and easy to perform. The drawback of this technique is the prolonged time needed to obtain the desired effect.

Lucrari Stiintifice - Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole a Banatului Timisoara, Medicina Veterinara, 2015

The European Zoological Journal

Folia Morphologica

The covering and glandular epithelium of the small intestine in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) inc... more The covering and glandular epithelium of the small intestine in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) include some mucus-secreting cells. Goblet cells are specific cells for mucus secretion with a distinctive cup-like appearance due to the accumulation of mucin in the apical pole. The deep crypt cells (DCS) were identified in a limited array of species and only recently were noticed in the large intestine in mice, guinea pigs, humans, monkeys, and pigs. Our study focuses on the microscopical and histochemical features of the DCS cells in the small intestine of guinea pigs. The samples from the small intestine were collected from five fully grown guinea pigs that were 1 presented to the Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca (Romania) with severe lesions resulted from domestic activities. The collected tissue samples underwent fixation in 10% buffered formalin and were later processed by standard paraffin technique. Mucous substances were detected using the Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Alcian-Blue histochemical stain methods. The intestinal samples of the guinea pigs assessed had a standard microanatomical structure. As regards the mucous-secreting cells from the small intestine, two cell types were identified, i.e. the goblet cells and DCS cells. DCS cells were only detected in the deep parts of the Lieberkühn glands from the jejunum and ileum, and were different morphologically and histochemically from the regular goblet cells. Our study managed to describe for the first time in guinea pigs, the existence of DCS cells in the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine, but not in the duodenum.

International Journal of Morphology, 2022

The utility of metallic bio-medical implants in osseous or dental affections is irrefutable. The ... more The utility of metallic bio-medical implants in osseous or dental affections is irrefutable. The paper aims to test the tolerance of the bone marrow to titanium implants. Titanium implants were inserted in the femur of 11-months old rabbits. The implants penetrated the endosteum, half of their length getting into the haematogenous bone marrow. Seven days after the insertion we collected bone fragments containing the implant. The CT exam revealed a significant decrease in the density of the bone at the interface with the implant and a more discrete one aloof from the insertion area. The histologic exam after 7 days revealed osseous reparatory processes only in the endosteal area from where it expanded on the surface of the implant which was inside the marrow. The presence and intensity of the osseous reparatory processes after only seven days post-implant demonstrates that the marrow actively participates in bone regeneration and implants osseointegration.

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2014

Anatomical particularities of the digestive tract in the rabbit and chinchilla require careful ev... more Anatomical particularities of the digestive tract in the rabbit and chinchilla require careful evaluation due the fact that these two species are used both as experimental model or pets. We studied the topography of large intestine in ten rabbits and ten chinchillas using regional and stratigraphic dissection. Focusing on anatomical particularities as well as differences, the aims of this study is an accurate description of lower digestive tract in rabbits and chinchillas. The large intestine has the same segments: cecum, colon and rectum. The cecum of the rabbit is large, show no muscular strips, containing 55% of dry matter of the large intestine, compared with chinchilla, in which the volume of the cecum containing 20% of dry matter of large intestine. Ascending colon of rabbit is very coiled, shows four segments: proximal one (ampula coli), 10 cm length, with three powerful muscular bands which separates rows of multiple haustra; the second portion has only one muscular band and...

Biology

Otological studies rely on a lot of data drawn from animal studies. A lot of pathological or evol... more Otological studies rely on a lot of data drawn from animal studies. A lot of pathological or evolutionary questions may find answers in studies on primates, providing insights into the morphological, pathological, and physiological aspects of systematic biological studies. Our study on auditory ossicles moves from a pure morphological (macroscopic and microscopic) investigation of auditory ossicles to the morphometrical evaluation of several individuals as well as to some interpretative data regarding some functional aspects drawn from these investigations. Particularities from this perspective blend with metric data and point toward comparative elements that might also serve as an important reference in further morphologic and comparative studies.

Anatomia Histologia Embriologia, 2020

Literature data define the ear as a sense organ comprising an osteo-membranous assembly of struct... more Literature data define the ear as a sense organ comprising an osteo-membranous assembly of structures where a series of highly specialized epithelia are present. Mainly, their function is related to trigger nervous influx for the sense of balance and hearing. Authors state the fact that this complex sense organ was subjected to a long evolutionary process that lasted more than 300 million years. The ear can be divided, based on its morphological components, into 3 subdivisions: the external ear (Auris externa), the middle ear (Auris media) and the internal ear (Auris interna). The internal ear is an air-filled cavity placed into the petrosal part of the temporal bone (Barone & Bortolami, 2004). Laterally, the internal ear is separated by the middle ear by a membrane-the tympanic membrane (Membrana tympani), as medially this sector extends up to the oval window (Fenestra vestibuli). In between the tympanic membrane and the vestibular window, the assembly of auditory ossicles is localized. This assembly, in mammals,

Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia, 2020

The present paper deals with a detailed description of the auditory ossicles in Capra hircus. The... more The present paper deals with a detailed description of the auditory ossicles in Capra hircus. The paper focuses on the morphological and morphometrical description of the ossicular assembly, formed by malleus, incus and stapes. The malleus (overall length, as average‐ 8.16 mm) comprises the head of malleus (Caput mallei), a slightly strictured part—neck (Collum mallei) with 3 distinctive processes (lateral, rostral and muscular) (Processus lateralis, Processus rostralis and Processus muscularis) and a handle (Manubrium mallei). The head of malleus has an oval aspect with an obtuse articular surface on its medial surface (Facies articularis). The neck is evident with three bony processes described—the anterior, almost triangular, the muscular one quite reduced and the lateral one which is the most developed one. The manubrium is the longest sector—4.4 mm and appears as a slightly curved piece. The incus presents a body of 1.3 mm and two processes—the short and long crus (Crus breve and Crus longum). The overall shape of the ossicle resembles a biradicular molar. The lenticular process is a continuation of the distal part of the long crus. The stapes—the smallest in size of the three ossicles (2.7 mm), has a head (Caput stapedis), an anterior (Crus rostrale) and a caudal (Crus caudale) arm and a footplate (Basis stapedis). The two processes are slightly different in size and morphology, delimiting the intercrural space that shows the presence of a bony spicule. The footplate (1.6 mm2 area) is ellipsoidal, with an anterior narrower extremity.

Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia, 2022

The gross morphology of the mammary gland in buffalo is the foundation that is necessary for the ... more The gross morphology of the mammary gland in buffalo is the foundation that is necessary for the process to improve the species for agricultural use. This study determined the mammary gland's anatomical, histological and imaging structure in the Romanian buffalo. The research material was represented by ten udders, five udders from adult buffaloes and five udders from young females slaughtered in the abattoir. The udders were collected immediately after slaughtering the animals, then transported to USAMV Cluj‐Napoca, Romania, examined macroscopically, histologically and through imagistic methods. The morphological examination tracked the topography, external conformation, vascularization and innervation of the mammary gland in the buffalo. The histological examination highlighted differences between the ductoacinary structures of the mammary gland parenchyma in adult buffaloes compared with young females. The imaging examination showed the detachment of the middle mammary artery...

Research Square (Research Square), Jan 28, 2022

The study provides a series of distinctive aspects of the auditory ossicles alongside comparative... more The study provides a series of distinctive aspects of the auditory ossicles alongside comparative morphometric data, bringing facts in respect to morphology and morphofunctionality of the auditory ossicles in this little-studied species. The most important features noted are evident conical shape of muscular process of malleus and triangular aspect of the handle of malleus. For the incus, a short body of the bone and the direct continuation, with no clear distinction as an individualized piece, for the lenticular process. As for the stapes, the clear pro ling of the muscular tubercle for the stapedial muscle and elliptic shape of the foot of the stapes is noted. A series of comparative measurements and indices are also calculated in the attempt of pro ling differences from the domestic counter species-sheep and goat.

Nutrients

Gastrointestinal microbiota can be easily altered by common treatments, such as antibiotic therap... more Gastrointestinal microbiota can be easily altered by common treatments, such as antibiotic therapy. However, the dysmicrobism induced by such a treatment may be counteracted by the administration of different beneficial microbes, such as probiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the interaction between intestinal microbiota, antibiotic therapy, and sporulated bacteria, correlated with the evolution of growth indices. Twenty-five Wistar rats, females, were divided into five groups. Amoxicillin and a probiotic combination of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Pediococcus acidilactici were administered according to each group’s purpose. The conventional growth indices were calculated and histological and immunohistochemical assessments were realized from intestinal samples. The results of the conventional growth indices suggested a beneficial effect when the antibiotic therapy was accompanied by probiotics, while for the groups where the dysmicrobism was present,...

International Journal of Morphology

Animals, 2022

Archeozoological studies provide an insight into human–environment relations, bringing important ... more Archeozoological studies provide an insight into human–environment relations, bringing important information on the morphology of the animal and the role of the animal and its functions. The purpose of this study was to reveal the morphological characteristics of the horse identified in an 8th century BC Avar cemetery dated, as it resulted from the investigation carried out on the materials presented to the Anatomy Lab of Department of Comparative Anatomy. The cleaning and conditioning of the materials were performed in the lab, followed by anatomical and osteometrical study. The identification of the species, the osteometrical interpretation and the assessment of age at death constituted the basis of the main conclusions. Based on the morphological and metrical data, we concluded that the fragments originated from a single young horse individual (Equus caballus) no older than 2.5 (2–2.5 years age span) included into class 5 of height (Vitt scale) with slender extremities. An overvi...

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca: Horticulture, 2017

In this study we have used 10 carcasses of chinchilla females slaughtered by the owner for commer... more In this study we have used 10 carcasses of chinchilla females slaughtered by the owner for commercial purposes. The studied animals have been subjected to an antemortem exam in which the semiological constants like: temperature; breats per minute and pulse were recorded. After the examination the subjects were declared clinically healthy. After skinning 30 ml coloring agent was injected intraluminally and dissection of the cranial mesenteric artery was performed. The first collateral branch of this vessel was the caudal pancreatico-duodenal artery (Arteria pancreaticoduodenalis caudalis), followed by 4-5 jejunal arteries (Arteriae jejunales). The cranial mesenteric artery gives off the dorsal cecal artery (Arteria cecalis dorsalis) as one of terminal branches to supply the haustrated part of cecum, the medial cecal artery (Arteria cecalis media) distributed to the tubular part of cecum (second terminal) and ileocolic artery (Arteria ileocolica)(the third terminal). To the best of our knowledge, our results brings significant information about the blood supply of intestines in chinchilla, that could be a real help for clinicians and researchers studying this topic.

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2015

This study aimed to map the lymphatic drainage of the cranial thoracic mammary gland (T1) in clin... more This study aimed to map the lymphatic drainage of the cranial thoracic mammary gland (T1) in clinically healthy domestic cats. The most important aspect was to identify the sentinel lymph node that drains the T1 mammary gland, leading to a new model of mammary tumor removal in the cat. The study was conducted on 10 female's domestic cats. The applied methods of investigation were: radiographic indirect lymphography with contrast agent (Optiray 350), injecting a coloring agent (Evans blue dye) in vivo followed by subject euthanasia and stratigraphic and regional dissection. For each cat, have been supervised behavior and physiological parameters (i.e. pulse, breathing, temperature). The cats were kept in individual cages, and all experiments were performed one day later after the accommodation of each animal. Drainage of the cranial thoracic mammary gland was found to be exclusively cranial in all subjects. The first lymph node station has been established that can be either the accessory axillary lymph node or the proper axillary lymph node when the former is missing. Taking into account internodal connections, the study has also underlined other lymph nodes involved in the drainage of the T1 mammary region. The stratigraphic dissection method complements radiographic indirect lymphography with contrast agent, by uncovering features that the latter is unable to underline. Stratigraphic dissection can only be used as an experimental tool, but the radiographic indirect lymphography is a very good method for clinical use.

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, May 29, 2023

Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology, Nov 26, 2023

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, Nov 14, 2022

Research Square (Research Square), Aug 20, 2020

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, Nov 22, 2013

Lucrari Stiintifice - Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole a Banatului Timisoara, Medicina Veterinara, 2015

The European Zoological Journal

Folia Morphologica

International Journal of Morphology, 2022

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2014

Biology

Anatomia Histologia Embriologia, 2020

Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia, 2020

Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia, 2022

Research Square (Research Square), Jan 28, 2022

Nutrients

International Journal of Morphology

Animals, 2022

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca: Horticulture, 2017

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2015

Revista Romana de Medicina Veterinara, 2021

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2020

In birds, in contrast to mammals, two brachiocephalic trunks are the origin in the arch of aorta ... more In birds, in contrast to mammals, two brachiocephalic trunks are the origin in the arch of aorta and give rise to the subclavian arteries and common carotid. The aim of this study was to investigate the vascular branching morphology of the aortic arch in Gallus Domesticus with the purpose of providing accurate data with regards to the arterial supply of these segments to researchers and clinicians. The biological material was represented by 10 adult chicken bodies with an average weight of 2 kg, females. After procurement of the biological material, the feathers, skin, muscles and sternum were removed for easy access to the heart. After left ventricular cannulation, epoxy resin mixed with red dye was injected. The body was immersed in 5% formaldehyde for 24 hours. Next, stratigraphic dissection was performed. Two brachiocephalic trunks branched continually from aortic arch caudoventral to the primary bronchi. The left subclavian artery gave rise to sternoclavicular, thoracic, axilla...

Revista Romana de Medicina Veterinara, 2024

The present paper describes the morphological and morphometrical characteristics of the scapula i... more The present paper describes the morphological and morphometrical characteristics of the scapula in the Green Monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) from Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands. The purpose of our study is to provide a complete anatomical and morphometrical evaluation of the scapula that may serve for radiological or surgical diagnosis or interventions and to establish a reference set of comparative data for related species. Methods include the anatomical, classical approach, describing the characteristics of the bony eminences and depressions found while the morphometrical investigation tackles a series of standard and nonstandard measurements and indices calculated base on these measurements. The results of our study are systematically presented as anatomical and then metrical
conclusions, with the main conclusions pointing to characteristics similar to those of other monkey species, such as S. leucopus or some other non-human primates, with features that indicate a significant amount of adaptation for arboreal locomotion.