Morphological and morphometrical aspects of the auditory ossicles in goat ( Capra hircus ) (original) (raw)
Related papers
2019
The present study was applied on six heads cadavers and four dried skulls of goat. The examined specimens showed that, the tympanic cavity was consisted of 3 parts; epitympanic recess, tympanic cavity proper and hypotympanicum. The lateral wall of the tympanic cavity was oriented by tympanic membrane while the medial wall was supported by promontory, fenestra vestibule and fenestra cochlea. The bony structures of the middle ear were achieved by 3 ear ossicles; Malleus, incus and stapes. The former one was the longest and drum stick in shape and consisted of head and neck that carried rostral and lateral processes in addition to handle. The incus was short wide tooth-shaped and it consisted of body and two; long and short diverging roots. The stapes was the most medial one of ear ossicles and constricted from head, two crus and foot plate. Stapes structures were excavated internally forming the obturator foramen. Average measurements of length, width and diameter for each ossicle wer...
Morphological and morphometrical anatomy of the auditory ossicles in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
The European Zoological Journal
The study provides a series of distinctive morphological features of the auditory ossicles alongside comparative morphometric data, bringing facts in respect to morphology and some morpho-functional elements of the auditory ossicles in this little-studied species. The most relevant features noted are evident conical shape of muscular process of malleus and triangular aspect of the handle of malleus. For the incus, a short body of the bone and the direct continuation is mentioned, with no clear distinction as an individualized piece for the lenticular process. As for the stapes, the clear profiling of the muscular tubercle for the stapedial muscle and elliptic shape of the foot of the stapes is noted. A series of comparative measurements and indices are also calculated in the attempt of profiling differences from the domestic couterspecies-sheep and goat.
Morphological And Morphometrical Aspects of The Auditory Ossicles In Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus)
Research Square (Research Square), 2022
The study provides a series of distinctive aspects of the auditory ossicles alongside comparative morphometric data, bringing facts in respect to morphology and morphofunctionality of the auditory ossicles in this little-studied species. The most important features noted are evident conical shape of muscular process of malleus and triangular aspect of the handle of malleus. For the incus, a short body of the bone and the direct continuation, with no clear distinction as an individualized piece, for the lenticular process. As for the stapes, the clear pro ling of the muscular tubercle for the stapedial muscle and elliptic shape of the foot of the stapes is noted. A series of comparative measurements and indices are also calculated in the attempt of pro ling differences from the domestic counter species-sheep and goat.
Morphological and morphometrical study of the auditory ossicles in chinchilla
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia, 2019
This study is meant to illustrate and describe the features of the auditory ossicles of the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera), one of the species used more and more frequently in otology and ear surgery as animal model. Cephalic extremities of 12 C. lanigera individuals obtained from a private farm, where this species was bred for fur, were used in this study. The ossicles were obtained either by direct surgical harvesting by mastoid approach or after a dermestid beetle exposure followed by anatomical dissection. The three ossicles that form the assembly are the malleus, incus and stapes. After the removal of these ossicles, a series of anatomical descriptions were made, followed by seriate sets of measurements. The malleus and incus form a joined‐single unit called the maleo‐incal complex, with an elongated straight appearance, also due to the development of the anterior process. The handle of the malleus and the long process of incus are almost perpendicular to the main axis of the...
Annali della Facoltà di …, 2006
La ricerca descrive, dal punto di vista topografico e morfologico, gli ossicini dell'udito nei Ruminanti e confronta i dati ottenuti con quelli, riportati in letteratura, per gli Equidi. I risultati dimostrano che la catena degli ossicini nei Ruminanti ha la stessa topografia descritta per gli Equidi, mentre sostanziali differenze emergono dal confronto dell'analisi morfologica dei singoli ossicini. In particolare queste riguardano la testa ed i tre processi del martello, la lunghezza dei processi dell'incudine, la forma della staffa e la topografia dei suoi processi.
Macroanatomic structure and morphometric analysis of middle ear in ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Ostrich (Struthio camelus) is a species belonging to the Struthionidae family of Struthioniformes order that does not have the flying ability among birds. The aim of this study was to make a subgross investigation on anatomical structures of middle ear in ostrich and to determine the morphometry of the columella. In the present study, 4 adult ostrich heads were used in the study. Tympanic cavity and the formations inside are removed from the skull by protecting the cranial roof. Subgross examinations of tympanic cavity, columella and other anatomic structures were then performed, and morphometric measurements of columella and some anatomical structures were performed using a digital calliper. It was determined that tympanic cavity, surrounded by ear capsule (os oticum), had a conical shape and was covered with mucosa that was tightly adjacent to the periosteum. Tympanic membrane, columella and osteochondral structures, ligaments, a branch of external ophthalmic artery and the presence of chorda tympani were detected in tympanic cavity. It was observed that columella was placed diagonally in tympanic cavity. The vestibular (proximal) end having a circular shape was found to have a large basis and annular ligament which ended up with thickened, small columns. Finally we demonstrated anatomy and morphometric values of middle ear in ostrich. The anatomy and formations of the middle ear are clearly shown. It can be asserted that anatomical formations in the middle ear of an ostrich are similar to other birds.
Ontogenetic and phylogenetic transformations of the ear ossicles in marsupial mammals
Journal of Morphology, 2001
This study is based on the examination of histological sections of specimens of different ages and of adult ossicles from macerated skulls representing a wide range of taxa and aims at addressing several issues concerning the evolution of the ear ossicles in marsupials. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the ear ossicles based on histological series were done for one or more stages of Monodelphis domestica, Caluromys philander, Sminthopsis virginiae, Trichosurus vulpecula, and Macropus rufogriseus. Several common trends were found. Portions of the ossicles that are phylogenetically older develop earlier than portions representing more recent evolutionary inventions (manubrium of the malleus, crus longum of the incus). The onset of endochondral ossification in the taxa in which this was examined followed the sequence; first malleus, then incus, and finally stapes. In M. domestica and C. philander at birth the yet precartilaginous ossicles form a supportive strut between the lower jaw and the braincase. The cartilage of Paauw develops relatively late in comparison with the ear ossicles and in close association to the tendon of the stapedial muscle. A feeble artery traverses the stapedial foramen of the stapes in the youngest stages of M. domestica, C. philander, and Sminthopsis virginiae examined. Presence of a large stapedial foramen is reconstructed in the groundplan of the Didelphidae and of Marsupialia. The stapedial foramen is absent in all adult caenolestids, dasyurids, Myrmecobius, Notoryctes, peramelids, vombatids, and phascolarctids. Pouch young of Perameles sp. and Dasyurus viverrinus show a bicrurate stapes with a sizeable stapedial foramen. Some didelphids examined to date show a double insertion of the Tensor tympani muscle. Some differences exist between M. domestica and C. philander in adult ossicle form, including the relative length of the incudal crus breve and of the stapes. Several differences exist between the malleus of didelphids and that of some phalangeriforms, the latter showing a short neck, absence of the lamina, and a ventrally directed manubrium. Hearing starts in M. domestica at an age in which the external auditory meatus has not yet fully developed, the ossicles are not fully ossified, and the middle ear space is partially filled with loose mesenchyme. The ontogenetic changes in hearing abilities in M. domestica between postnatal days 30 and 40 may be at least partially related to changes in middle ear structures.
A Detailed Subgross Morphometric Study on the Auditory Ossicles of the New Zealand Rabbit
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C, 2003
This study was designed to reveal, in detail, the features of the auditory ossicles of the New Zealand rabbit, one of the most frequently used animals in scientific researches. Heads of 10 dead adult New Zealand rabbits of both sexes weighing 2.5 ± 0.2 kg were used in the study. The auditory ossicles were gently removed from their situs and observed. The auditory ossicles were three small bones: the malleus, the incus and the stapes. The lenticular bone seemed to be the lenticular process, as is in human beings. In general, macroanatomic features of the bones were similar to those reported in the literature. Findings in this study, however, differed greatly, especially in detail. There were statistically significant differences in the morphometric data of the features of the auditory ossicles between the right-and left-hand sides. Data from the right-hand side were significantly higher.
The two types of cranial appendages inGiraffa camelopardalis(Mammalia, Artiodactyla)
Journal of Zoology, 1990
The current consensus is that only one type of horn, the ossicone, exists in the giraffe and that the central or median horn is both structurally and developmentally similar to the paired parietal horns. We have shown that the paired ossicones are composites of three structures: an innermost large frontoparietal boss base, the ossicone, and outermost layers of secondary bone growth. The median horn, to which we assign the name 'giraffacone', is a composite of only two structures: the median frontonasal boss and the overlying secondary bone growth. In older males, secondary bone growth due to combat clashes covers the entire calvaria. In females, there is little or no such secondary bone growth over the ossicones and the rest of the skull roof. Consequently, the median horn consists only of the frontal boss. The shape of the ossicones without the secondary bone layer, as revealed in young males and females, is herein described. It is shown how a distinction can be made between the variation in shape due to secondary bone growth and the variation of the ossicone. It is apparent that ossicone shape is not as variable as previously thought. We found secondary bone growth in the horns of Pa/aeomeryx and in the ossicones of Giraffinae, Girafokeryx punjabiensis, Samotherium africanum and Sivatheriinae.