Felipe Loureiro | Universidade de São Paulo (original) (raw)

Papers by Felipe Loureiro

Research paper thumbnail of Insoluble Dispute: The U.S.-Brazilian Soluble Coffee Trade and Brazil’s Third Worldism

Research paper thumbnail of O empresariado paulista e a política econômica do governo Castelo Branco (1964-1967)

Dimensões do empresariado brasileiro. História, organizações e ação política. Pedro Campos e Rafael Brandão (orgs), 2019

Research paper thumbnail of A política externa brasileira do pós-guerra ao golpe de 1964: construíndo as bases da diplomacia brasileira contemporânea

Jorge Ferreira e Lucília de Almeida Neves Delgado (orgs). O Brasil Republicano. O Tempo da Experiência Democrática. Da democratização de 1945 ao golpe civil-militar de 1964 (1945-1964), 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Multidisciplinaridade e Interdisciplinaridade na graduação em RI: o ensino de História e Teoria das Relações Internacionais

Mural Internacional, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of The Alliance For or Against Progress? US–Brazilian Financial Relations in the Early 1960s

Journal of Latin American Studies, 2014

This paper analyses the role played by US economic assistance during the administrations of Jânio... more This paper analyses the role played by US economic assistance during the administrations of Jânio Quadros and João Goulart in Brazil (1961–4). It focuses on the negotiation and implementation of financial agreements associated with the Alliance for Progress, President Kennedy's aid programme for Latin America. It demonstrates that the Alliance had a positive impact during Quadros' administration, providing substantial resources to the country and placing economic growth ahead of economic stabilisation as the principal criterion for aid. Circumstances changed, however, when João Goulart became president, resulting in serious funding constraints. The paper suggests that the main reason for this was political, specifically regarding Washington's perception of Goulart's links with communist groups.

Research paper thumbnail of The Alliance for Progress and President João Goulart’s Three-Year Plan: the deterioration of U.S.-Brazilian Relations in Cold War Brazil (1962)

Cold War History, 2017

This paper analyses U.S.-Brazilian relations during the elaboration of João Goulart’s Three-Year ... more This paper analyses U.S.-Brazilian relations during the elaboration of João Goulart’s Three-Year Plan in late 1962, which sought to tackle Brazil’s severe economic imbalances without compromising growth and through the implementation of distributive reforms. Although the plan followed the principles of John F. Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress, Washington did not offer adequate assistance because of Goulart’s threats to increase links with the Soviet bloc. The United States hardened its position, seeking to change the orientation of the Brazilian government. This led to the abandonment of the Three-Year Plan, and contributed to social and political destabilisation that resulted in Brazil’s March 1964 military coup.

Research paper thumbnail of A pericentric Punta del Este: Cuba’s failed attempt to join the Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA) and the limits of Brazil’s independent foreign policy

Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional , 2018

This article analyzes a crucial but still neglected episode in Latin America’s Cold War: the mobi... more This article analyzes a crucial but still neglected episode in Latin America’s Cold War: the mobilization of regional anti-Communist governments to oppose Cuba’s attempt to join the Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA) in August 1962. We focus particularly on the forces that shaped Brazil’s position, which initially supported Cuba, but eventually changed course.

Research paper thumbnail of Strikes in Brazil during the Government of João Goulart (1961–1964)

Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 2016

The article seeks to analyze the strikes of urban workers in Brazil during the government of João... more The article seeks to analyze the strikes of urban workers in Brazil during the government of João Goulart (1961–1964). Previous studies have either solely used the number of walkouts as a basis for analysis or have assessed the size of the strikes on the basis of a limited number of observations. We employ an alternative methodology, founded on nominal variables related to location, sectoral coverage, and labor categories as a proxy for identifying the size of the stoppages and their impact on the economy. It is argued that the Brazilian labor movement was becoming stronger and more autonomous in its relations with the government, and that this changed the balance of power between workers and business groups, contributing to the latter’s support of the overthrow of democracy in Brazil in 1964.

Research paper thumbnail of João Goulart and the Top Leadership of Brazil's Labor Movement: the Case of the National Confederations of Workers (1961-1964)

História (São Paulo), 2017

This paper analyzes the relationship between President João Goulart and the main leaders of the B... more This paper analyzes the relationship between President João Goulart and the main leaders of the Brazilian labor movement in the early 1960s, focusing on the elections to the coun try's most important official trade union, the Nacional Confederation of Industrial Workers (CNTI). It is argued that Goulart's support for a trabalhista-communist ticket to the CNTI in December 1961 was essential to set up the General Workers' Command (CGT), a parallel central trade union which played a major role in social conflicts at the time. It is also argued that, due to the increasing independence shown by these labor leaders, from 1963 on Goulart ar ticulated (without success) several strategies to win them over, first aiming at the creation of an alternative central trade union, and then sup porting an opposition ticket to the CNTI elec tions of January 1964. Goulart's defeat in both episodes was essential for leftist turn, leading to the 1964 coup.

Research paper thumbnail of Public opinion and foreign policy in João Goulart's Brazil (1961-1964): Coherence between national and foreign policy perceptions?

Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 2015

This paper analyses public opinion during the João Goulart government in Brazil (1961-1964), focu... more This paper analyses public opinion during the João Goulart government in Brazil (1961-1964), focusing on public perceptions on domestic and foreign policies. We employ a recently declassified public opinion survey conducted on behalf of United States Information Agency (USIA) in urban areas. We found that the Brazilian public opinion was somewhat coherent, supporting redistributive reforms domestically and a neutralist approach in foreign affairs.

Research paper thumbnail of The Passing of the Profit Remittance Limitation Law during the Goulart Administration and Brazilian and Foreign Entrepreneurs (1961-1964)

Revista Brasileira de História, 2016

The paper analyzes the passing of the Profit Remittance Limitation Law by the Brazilian Congress ... more The paper analyzes the passing of the Profit Remittance Limitation Law by
the Brazilian Congress during the administration of President João Goulart
(1961-1964), focusing on the reactions and opinions of foreign and domestic entrepreneurs. We argue that to understand the reasons behind the passing of the law we need to look at two aspects relatively neglected by the literature: first, the lobbying by some domestic entrepreneurs of members of the Brazilian congress; and, second, President Goulart’s maneuvers to regain full presidential powers. We believe our conclusions
are important as they present new evidence about the role played by part of Brazilian entrepreneurs in the passing of one of the Goulart administration’s
most important pieces of legislation.

Research paper thumbnail of What developing countries' past energy policies can tell us about energy issues today? Lessons from the expropriation of American Foreign and Power in Brazil (1959–1965)

Utilities Policy, 2014

This paper supports those who believe that history can provide invaluable insights for understand... more This paper supports those who believe that history can provide invaluable insights for understanding recent shortcomings in the energy sector. Focussing on the political economy of Brazil's past energy policy, the paper analyzes how foreign companies, federal government, and international interests have shaped outcomes in the sector. For this, the expropriation of Amforp's in the Brazilian electric sector shows that what could be settled by a juridical agreement between the company and the government became an US–Brazilian diplomatic issue. The paper analyses these diplomatic agreements, showing how it changed the role played by the Brazilian state in the electric power sector.

Research paper thumbnail of O Plano Trienal no contexto das relações entre Brasil e Estados Unidos (1962-1963)

Revista de Economia Política, 2013

The Three-Year Plan in the context of the US-Brazilian relations (1962-1963). The paper analyses ... more The Three-Year Plan in the context of the US-Brazilian relations (1962-1963). The paper analyses the US-Brazilian relations during the formulation and implementation of the Three-Year Plan by the government of João Goulart. The evidence suggests the limited economic assistance offered by the United States to Brazil, driven by political causes, played a major role in the Three-Year Plan's demise. It is argued that Goulart's links with the radical left, particularly with groups seen as communists by Washington, was the main reason behind US decision of blocking resources. The conclusions are relevant because scholars have emphasized domestic reasons only to explain the failure of the Three-Year Plan.

Research paper thumbnail of Dois pesos, duas medidas: os acordos financeiros de maio de 1961 entre Brasil e Estados Unidos durante os governos Jânio Quadros e João Goulart (1961-1962)

Economia e Sociedade, 2013

Este artigo analisa o processo de formulação e de implementação dos acordos financeiros de maio d... more Este artigo analisa o processo de formulação e de implementação dos acordos financeiros de maio de 1961 entre Brasil e Estados Unidos. Argumenta-se que a Aliança para o Progresso, o programa de ajuda econômica do governo Kennedy para a América Latina, teve um papel importante na garantia de substanciais recursos à administração Jânio Quadros. A implementação desses acordos, no entanto, evoluiu de modo bastante diferente após a subida de João Goulart ao poder em setembro de 1961, resultando em um contingenciamento de recursos ao governo brasileiro. Sugere-se que a principal razão para essa mudança não teria sido econômica, mas, sim, política, especialmente no que se refere aos contatos de Goulart com grupos identificados como comunistas por Washington.

Research paper thumbnail of Uma difícil conciliação: empresários e trabalhadores no contexto do plano trienal

História Econômica e História de Empresas, 2010

Este artigo procura examinar as interpretações e as reações de trabalhadores e de empresários ace... more Este artigo procura examinar as interpretações e as reações de trabalhadores e de empresários acerca do Plano Trienal de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, implementado pelo governo João Goulart entre o início e meados de 1963. A fim de explicar as razões pelas quais o Plano foi malsucedido, muitos estudiosos deram grande atenção aos aspectos relacionados ao âmbito do Estado – tal como os conflitos de interesses entre os atores políticos ou as limitações técnicas do programa. Sugere-se, diferentemente, que as ações de trabalhadores e empresários acerca da política econômica do governo Goulart foram cruciais para a falência do Plano Trienal, contribuindo para os distúrbios sociais e econômicos que prevaleceram no Brasil momentos antes do Golpe Militar de 1964.

Research paper thumbnail of Relativizando o Leviatã: empresários e política econômica no governo Jânio Quadros

Estudos Econômicos, 2010

Este artigo examina as atitudes dos empresários brasileiros relacionadas à política econômica do ... more Este artigo examina as atitudes dos empresários brasileiros relacionadas à política econômica do governo Jânio Quadros. A análise se concentra nas associações de classe paulistas dos empresários industriais, comerciais e agrícolas. Argumenta-se que esses grupos apresentaram um importante papel na formulação dessa política econômica, particularmente sobre a política cambial, creditícia e da legislação antitruste. As evidências coletadas neste artigo trazem novas luzes sobre a elaboração da política econômica durante esse período crítico da história brasileira.

Research paper thumbnail of Varrendo a democracia: considerações sobre as relações políticas entre Jânio Quadros e o Congresso Nacional

Revista Brasileira de História, 2009

O artigo examina a relação entre o presidente Jânio Quadros e o Congresso Nacional durante o iníc... more O artigo examina a relação entre o presidente Jânio Quadros e o Congresso Nacional durante o início da década de 1960. Por meio da investigação das ações e dos discursos desses atores, argumenta-se que Jânio manobrou para diminuir a legitimidade política do Congresso diante da opinião pública, desrespeitando as competências constitucionais do Parlamento. Consequentemente, mostra-se que o Congresso não apenas estruturou mecanismos políticos em uma tentativa de reconstruir sua credibilidade diante da sociedade, como também que essa disputa e seus resultados tiveram importantes implicações para o Governo João Goulart e até para o golpe militar de 1964.

Research paper thumbnail of Desenvolvimentismo às avessas: o processo de desindustrialização brasileiro sob a égide neoliberal (1990-1999)

Revista de Economia Política e História Econômica, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Industrialização de São Paulo: problemas e perspectivas.

Revista de Economia Política e História Econômica, 2006

Este artigo possui dois objetivos: (i) realizar um breve panorama do processo de industrializaç o... more Este artigo possui dois objetivos: (i) realizar um breve panorama do processo de industrializaç o paulista e (ii) apresentar e discutir as diversas correntes historiográficas que se propuseram a analisar o tema em quest o. Com isso, pretende-se elucidar as principais problemáticas envolventes na formaç o industrial de S o Paulo. 1. O INÍCIO DO PROCESSO DE INDUSTRIALIZAÇÃO NO BRASIL E EM SÃO PAULO As tentativas de industrializaç o 2 no Brasil remontam, pelo menos, ao início do século XIX. É nesse momento, com os incentivos concedidos pela família real portuguesa 3 , que se tem a instalaç o de alguns núcleos de produç o que já poderiam ser caracterizados como fabris 4 . Dentre eles, destaca-se as fábricas produtoras de ferro, tais como a do Pilar (1808 -MG); a Real Fábrica de Ferro São João do Ipanema (SP -1809); e a Fábrica Patriótica (1812 -MG) 5 . Todavia, a maioria absoluta desses estabelecimentos faliu, no máximo, até os anos (18)30 6 .

Books by Felipe Loureiro

Research paper thumbnail of Empresários, Trabalhadores e Grupos de Interesse: a Política Econômica nos Governos Jânio Quadros e João Goulart (1961-1964)

Research paper thumbnail of Insoluble Dispute: The U.S.-Brazilian Soluble Coffee Trade and Brazil’s Third Worldism

Research paper thumbnail of O empresariado paulista e a política econômica do governo Castelo Branco (1964-1967)

Dimensões do empresariado brasileiro. História, organizações e ação política. Pedro Campos e Rafael Brandão (orgs), 2019

Research paper thumbnail of A política externa brasileira do pós-guerra ao golpe de 1964: construíndo as bases da diplomacia brasileira contemporânea

Jorge Ferreira e Lucília de Almeida Neves Delgado (orgs). O Brasil Republicano. O Tempo da Experiência Democrática. Da democratização de 1945 ao golpe civil-militar de 1964 (1945-1964), 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Multidisciplinaridade e Interdisciplinaridade na graduação em RI: o ensino de História e Teoria das Relações Internacionais

Mural Internacional, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of The Alliance For or Against Progress? US–Brazilian Financial Relations in the Early 1960s

Journal of Latin American Studies, 2014

This paper analyses the role played by US economic assistance during the administrations of Jânio... more This paper analyses the role played by US economic assistance during the administrations of Jânio Quadros and João Goulart in Brazil (1961–4). It focuses on the negotiation and implementation of financial agreements associated with the Alliance for Progress, President Kennedy's aid programme for Latin America. It demonstrates that the Alliance had a positive impact during Quadros' administration, providing substantial resources to the country and placing economic growth ahead of economic stabilisation as the principal criterion for aid. Circumstances changed, however, when João Goulart became president, resulting in serious funding constraints. The paper suggests that the main reason for this was political, specifically regarding Washington's perception of Goulart's links with communist groups.

Research paper thumbnail of The Alliance for Progress and President João Goulart’s Three-Year Plan: the deterioration of U.S.-Brazilian Relations in Cold War Brazil (1962)

Cold War History, 2017

This paper analyses U.S.-Brazilian relations during the elaboration of João Goulart’s Three-Year ... more This paper analyses U.S.-Brazilian relations during the elaboration of João Goulart’s Three-Year Plan in late 1962, which sought to tackle Brazil’s severe economic imbalances without compromising growth and through the implementation of distributive reforms. Although the plan followed the principles of John F. Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress, Washington did not offer adequate assistance because of Goulart’s threats to increase links with the Soviet bloc. The United States hardened its position, seeking to change the orientation of the Brazilian government. This led to the abandonment of the Three-Year Plan, and contributed to social and political destabilisation that resulted in Brazil’s March 1964 military coup.

Research paper thumbnail of A pericentric Punta del Este: Cuba’s failed attempt to join the Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA) and the limits of Brazil’s independent foreign policy

Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional , 2018

This article analyzes a crucial but still neglected episode in Latin America’s Cold War: the mobi... more This article analyzes a crucial but still neglected episode in Latin America’s Cold War: the mobilization of regional anti-Communist governments to oppose Cuba’s attempt to join the Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA) in August 1962. We focus particularly on the forces that shaped Brazil’s position, which initially supported Cuba, but eventually changed course.

Research paper thumbnail of Strikes in Brazil during the Government of João Goulart (1961–1964)

Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 2016

The article seeks to analyze the strikes of urban workers in Brazil during the government of João... more The article seeks to analyze the strikes of urban workers in Brazil during the government of João Goulart (1961–1964). Previous studies have either solely used the number of walkouts as a basis for analysis or have assessed the size of the strikes on the basis of a limited number of observations. We employ an alternative methodology, founded on nominal variables related to location, sectoral coverage, and labor categories as a proxy for identifying the size of the stoppages and their impact on the economy. It is argued that the Brazilian labor movement was becoming stronger and more autonomous in its relations with the government, and that this changed the balance of power between workers and business groups, contributing to the latter’s support of the overthrow of democracy in Brazil in 1964.

Research paper thumbnail of João Goulart and the Top Leadership of Brazil's Labor Movement: the Case of the National Confederations of Workers (1961-1964)

História (São Paulo), 2017

This paper analyzes the relationship between President João Goulart and the main leaders of the B... more This paper analyzes the relationship between President João Goulart and the main leaders of the Brazilian labor movement in the early 1960s, focusing on the elections to the coun try's most important official trade union, the Nacional Confederation of Industrial Workers (CNTI). It is argued that Goulart's support for a trabalhista-communist ticket to the CNTI in December 1961 was essential to set up the General Workers' Command (CGT), a parallel central trade union which played a major role in social conflicts at the time. It is also argued that, due to the increasing independence shown by these labor leaders, from 1963 on Goulart ar ticulated (without success) several strategies to win them over, first aiming at the creation of an alternative central trade union, and then sup porting an opposition ticket to the CNTI elec tions of January 1964. Goulart's defeat in both episodes was essential for leftist turn, leading to the 1964 coup.

Research paper thumbnail of Public opinion and foreign policy in João Goulart's Brazil (1961-1964): Coherence between national and foreign policy perceptions?

Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 2015

This paper analyses public opinion during the João Goulart government in Brazil (1961-1964), focu... more This paper analyses public opinion during the João Goulart government in Brazil (1961-1964), focusing on public perceptions on domestic and foreign policies. We employ a recently declassified public opinion survey conducted on behalf of United States Information Agency (USIA) in urban areas. We found that the Brazilian public opinion was somewhat coherent, supporting redistributive reforms domestically and a neutralist approach in foreign affairs.

Research paper thumbnail of The Passing of the Profit Remittance Limitation Law during the Goulart Administration and Brazilian and Foreign Entrepreneurs (1961-1964)

Revista Brasileira de História, 2016

The paper analyzes the passing of the Profit Remittance Limitation Law by the Brazilian Congress ... more The paper analyzes the passing of the Profit Remittance Limitation Law by
the Brazilian Congress during the administration of President João Goulart
(1961-1964), focusing on the reactions and opinions of foreign and domestic entrepreneurs. We argue that to understand the reasons behind the passing of the law we need to look at two aspects relatively neglected by the literature: first, the lobbying by some domestic entrepreneurs of members of the Brazilian congress; and, second, President Goulart’s maneuvers to regain full presidential powers. We believe our conclusions
are important as they present new evidence about the role played by part of Brazilian entrepreneurs in the passing of one of the Goulart administration’s
most important pieces of legislation.

Research paper thumbnail of What developing countries' past energy policies can tell us about energy issues today? Lessons from the expropriation of American Foreign and Power in Brazil (1959–1965)

Utilities Policy, 2014

This paper supports those who believe that history can provide invaluable insights for understand... more This paper supports those who believe that history can provide invaluable insights for understanding recent shortcomings in the energy sector. Focussing on the political economy of Brazil's past energy policy, the paper analyzes how foreign companies, federal government, and international interests have shaped outcomes in the sector. For this, the expropriation of Amforp's in the Brazilian electric sector shows that what could be settled by a juridical agreement between the company and the government became an US–Brazilian diplomatic issue. The paper analyses these diplomatic agreements, showing how it changed the role played by the Brazilian state in the electric power sector.

Research paper thumbnail of O Plano Trienal no contexto das relações entre Brasil e Estados Unidos (1962-1963)

Revista de Economia Política, 2013

The Three-Year Plan in the context of the US-Brazilian relations (1962-1963). The paper analyses ... more The Three-Year Plan in the context of the US-Brazilian relations (1962-1963). The paper analyses the US-Brazilian relations during the formulation and implementation of the Three-Year Plan by the government of João Goulart. The evidence suggests the limited economic assistance offered by the United States to Brazil, driven by political causes, played a major role in the Three-Year Plan's demise. It is argued that Goulart's links with the radical left, particularly with groups seen as communists by Washington, was the main reason behind US decision of blocking resources. The conclusions are relevant because scholars have emphasized domestic reasons only to explain the failure of the Three-Year Plan.

Research paper thumbnail of Dois pesos, duas medidas: os acordos financeiros de maio de 1961 entre Brasil e Estados Unidos durante os governos Jânio Quadros e João Goulart (1961-1962)

Economia e Sociedade, 2013

Este artigo analisa o processo de formulação e de implementação dos acordos financeiros de maio d... more Este artigo analisa o processo de formulação e de implementação dos acordos financeiros de maio de 1961 entre Brasil e Estados Unidos. Argumenta-se que a Aliança para o Progresso, o programa de ajuda econômica do governo Kennedy para a América Latina, teve um papel importante na garantia de substanciais recursos à administração Jânio Quadros. A implementação desses acordos, no entanto, evoluiu de modo bastante diferente após a subida de João Goulart ao poder em setembro de 1961, resultando em um contingenciamento de recursos ao governo brasileiro. Sugere-se que a principal razão para essa mudança não teria sido econômica, mas, sim, política, especialmente no que se refere aos contatos de Goulart com grupos identificados como comunistas por Washington.

Research paper thumbnail of Uma difícil conciliação: empresários e trabalhadores no contexto do plano trienal

História Econômica e História de Empresas, 2010

Este artigo procura examinar as interpretações e as reações de trabalhadores e de empresários ace... more Este artigo procura examinar as interpretações e as reações de trabalhadores e de empresários acerca do Plano Trienal de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, implementado pelo governo João Goulart entre o início e meados de 1963. A fim de explicar as razões pelas quais o Plano foi malsucedido, muitos estudiosos deram grande atenção aos aspectos relacionados ao âmbito do Estado – tal como os conflitos de interesses entre os atores políticos ou as limitações técnicas do programa. Sugere-se, diferentemente, que as ações de trabalhadores e empresários acerca da política econômica do governo Goulart foram cruciais para a falência do Plano Trienal, contribuindo para os distúrbios sociais e econômicos que prevaleceram no Brasil momentos antes do Golpe Militar de 1964.

Research paper thumbnail of Relativizando o Leviatã: empresários e política econômica no governo Jânio Quadros

Estudos Econômicos, 2010

Este artigo examina as atitudes dos empresários brasileiros relacionadas à política econômica do ... more Este artigo examina as atitudes dos empresários brasileiros relacionadas à política econômica do governo Jânio Quadros. A análise se concentra nas associações de classe paulistas dos empresários industriais, comerciais e agrícolas. Argumenta-se que esses grupos apresentaram um importante papel na formulação dessa política econômica, particularmente sobre a política cambial, creditícia e da legislação antitruste. As evidências coletadas neste artigo trazem novas luzes sobre a elaboração da política econômica durante esse período crítico da história brasileira.

Research paper thumbnail of Varrendo a democracia: considerações sobre as relações políticas entre Jânio Quadros e o Congresso Nacional

Revista Brasileira de História, 2009

O artigo examina a relação entre o presidente Jânio Quadros e o Congresso Nacional durante o iníc... more O artigo examina a relação entre o presidente Jânio Quadros e o Congresso Nacional durante o início da década de 1960. Por meio da investigação das ações e dos discursos desses atores, argumenta-se que Jânio manobrou para diminuir a legitimidade política do Congresso diante da opinião pública, desrespeitando as competências constitucionais do Parlamento. Consequentemente, mostra-se que o Congresso não apenas estruturou mecanismos políticos em uma tentativa de reconstruir sua credibilidade diante da sociedade, como também que essa disputa e seus resultados tiveram importantes implicações para o Governo João Goulart e até para o golpe militar de 1964.

Research paper thumbnail of Desenvolvimentismo às avessas: o processo de desindustrialização brasileiro sob a égide neoliberal (1990-1999)

Revista de Economia Política e História Econômica, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Industrialização de São Paulo: problemas e perspectivas.

Revista de Economia Política e História Econômica, 2006

Este artigo possui dois objetivos: (i) realizar um breve panorama do processo de industrializaç o... more Este artigo possui dois objetivos: (i) realizar um breve panorama do processo de industrializaç o paulista e (ii) apresentar e discutir as diversas correntes historiográficas que se propuseram a analisar o tema em quest o. Com isso, pretende-se elucidar as principais problemáticas envolventes na formaç o industrial de S o Paulo. 1. O INÍCIO DO PROCESSO DE INDUSTRIALIZAÇÃO NO BRASIL E EM SÃO PAULO As tentativas de industrializaç o 2 no Brasil remontam, pelo menos, ao início do século XIX. É nesse momento, com os incentivos concedidos pela família real portuguesa 3 , que se tem a instalaç o de alguns núcleos de produç o que já poderiam ser caracterizados como fabris 4 . Dentre eles, destaca-se as fábricas produtoras de ferro, tais como a do Pilar (1808 -MG); a Real Fábrica de Ferro São João do Ipanema (SP -1809); e a Fábrica Patriótica (1812 -MG) 5 . Todavia, a maioria absoluta desses estabelecimentos faliu, no máximo, até os anos (18)30 6 .