Marion Bogo | University of Toronto (original) (raw)

Papers by Marion Bogo

Research paper thumbnail of Research Note—A Pilot Cyber Counseling Course in a Graduate Social Work Program

Journal of Social Work Education

Research paper thumbnail of Development and Initial Evaluation of the Cyber-Counseling Objective Structured Clinical Examination (COSCE)

Research on Social Work Practice, 2013

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Social Work Research in a Multicultural Society: Challenges and Approaches

Journal of Multicultural Social Work

ABSTRACT The profession of social work is becoming increasingly both research-based and multicult... more ABSTRACT The profession of social work is becoming increasingly both research-based and multicultural in its orientation. In this context, it is crucial for social work researchers to recognize, and grapple with, the conceptual and methodological challenges of conducting quantitative research with subjects from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. This paper accompanies the beginning researcher through the various phases of the research process, providing a systematic overview of the most critical methodological issues to be dealth with at each phase, as well as some possible approaches for dealing with these.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating Performance and Reflection: and Reflection: OSCE for Social Work

Research paper thumbnail of NCSSS Field Education References

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical Supervision in Contemporary Organizations

Research paper thumbnail of Interests, Activities, and Self-Identification among Social Work Students: Toward a Definition of Social Work Identity

Journal of social work education

Recent studies have suggested that the career interests of many social work students are inconsis... more Recent studies have suggested that the career interests of many social work students are inconsistent with the traditionally defined concept of social work identity. The current study conceptualized, operationalized, and developed measures of the prevalence of various interests, preferred activities, and self-identifications associated with social work identity among graduate social work students at the University of Toronto. Reliable dimensions of

Research paper thumbnail of An Innovative Online Tool to Evaluate Student Practice Competence in the Field

Background and Purpose: Schools of social work rely heavily on field instructor ratings to determ... more Background and Purpose: Schools of social work rely heavily on field instructor ratings to determine students' competence to practice, but evidence for the reliability and validity of these ratings is weak at best. Concerns include the inability of scales to differentiate between students, as demonstrated by low variability of scores and universally high performance ratings (Authors, 2002; Lager & Robbins, 2004; Raskin, 1994; Wayne, Bogo, & Raskin, 2006). This paper will present research on the development and testing of a new evaluation tool that does not rely on traditional rating scales or field instruction conferences to provide the final evaluation of student performance. Rather a tool was constructed that allows instructors to represent their students' performance in a manner more congruent with the way they describe student competence and to prepare this report without negotiating ratings with the student. Methods: A four step, multi-year process was undertaken to dev...

Research paper thumbnail of Advancing social work practice in the health field: a collaborative research partnership

Health & social work

This article describes and analyzes the development of a collaborative research model by one univ... more This article describes and analyzes the development of a collaborative research model by one university faculty of social work and 10 health care settings. Established working relationships for educating students were the foundation of a research partnership formed to study questions of mutual interest. This article discusses the developmental stage of the research consortium, including needs assessment, workshop, identification of a common theme and research topic, preliminary funding, and literature review. This stage resulted in the decision to develop and test an instrument to screen for high social risk that would be capable of identifying the need for social work involvement with families to provide effective and efficient management of patients. The Delphi methodology was chosen in the first phase of the research design, and reasons for the choice of this methodology, the results from the two Delphi rounds, and a preliminary screening instrument are presented. Finally, issues...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing Children's Risk of Abuse: The Influence of Context and Worker Variables on Professional Judgment

Purpose: In an effort to improve the ability of child welfare agencies and individual workers wit... more Purpose: In an effort to improve the ability of child welfare agencies and individual workers within these agencies to accurately identify children at risk of harm, child welfare services throughout the world are moving towards highly standardized risk assessment tools. The assumption of these models is that uniform measures and training will result in consistent and accurate assessments. However, the importance assigned to standardized tools in child welfare practice has sparked considerable controversy due, in part, to questionable reliability and validity of the measures. Previous attempts to examine reliability and validity have focused primarily on retrospective reviews and paper vignette studies. What remains unclear, however, is the degree to which specific context and worker variables may influence professional judgment and the manner in which a worker assesses risk, even on a standardized instrument. This study uses both standardized risk assessment measures and standardize...

Research paper thumbnail of Adapting Objective Structured Clinical Examinations to Assess Social Work Students' Performance and Reflections

Journal of social work education

The development of standardized, valid, and reliable methods for assessment of students' prac... more The development of standardized, valid, and reliable methods for assessment of students' practice competence continues to be a challenge for social work educators. In this study, the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), originally used in medicine to assess performance through simulated interviews, was adapted for social work to include a reflective dialogue that focused on the ability to conceptualize practice. Participants included current MSW students, recent graduates, and experienced social workers. The study demonstrated promising reliability for the method and the rating tools developed. Correlations between performance and reflection scores demonstrated that they are related, yet different, aspects of competence. The method demonstrated construct validity in that it differentiated between social workers in training and experienced workers.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating Performance and Reflection through Objective Structured Clinical Examinations for Social Work

Purpose: Social work educators need standardized, valid, and reliable outcome assessments of stud... more Purpose: Social work educators need standardized, valid, and reliable outcome assessments of students' practice competence. This study aimed to establish the reliability and construct validity of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), already used in other health professions and adapted for social work. Methods: In an OSCE, performance is assessed in a series of stations during which students interact with a standardized actor/client trained to enact a clinical situation typical for the profession. Students receive orienting information about each scenario then conduct a 15 minute interview while a faculty member or field instructor independently observes and evaluates their performance. The social work OSCE was adapted to include a 15 minute post interview reflective dialogue with the examiner, who then rates how students conceptualize, reflect on, and assess their own practice. Based on earlier work (Authors 2004; 2006), two rating tools were developed to evaluat...

Research paper thumbnail of Advancing Social Work Education: Integrating Cyber Counseling Into Practicum As a Way of the Future

Background and Purpose: There has been a radical increase over the past decade in the use of cybe... more Background and Purpose: There has been a radical increase over the past decade in the use of cyber technologies. College students in particular use the Internet, instant messaging and blogging at higher rates than individuals from other generations (Jones & Fox, 2009; Junco & Cotten, 2010). Cyber counseling is a response to this cultural shift, providing therapy online and is predicted to rise (Author, 2012; Norcross, Hedges, & Prochaska, 2002; Wright, 2002). Little is known however about the experience of the use of cyber counseling among social work students. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of Master of Social Work (MSW) practicum interns and their undergraduate student clients, to increase our understanding of the provision of cyber counseling in social work education. Methods: A School of Social Work developed a practicum pilot project whereby six MSW interns provided both face-to-face and cyber counseling to undergraduate student clients. Cyber counsel...

Research paper thumbnail of Suicide Risk Assessments: Examining Influences on Clinicians’ Professional Judgment

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2015

Professional judgment in complex clinical situations such as the assessment of suicide risk encom... more Professional judgment in complex clinical situations such as the assessment of suicide risk encompasses a multifaceted cognitive understanding of the substantive issues, technical expertise, and emotional awareness. This experimental design study investigated the degree to which the previous work-related experiences of clinicians and their preexisting emotional state influence professional judgment regarding acute risk in patients presenting with suicidal ideation. Experienced social workers and social work students conducted suicide risk assessments on 2 standardized patients performing in scenarios constructed to depict individuals presenting with suicidal ideation. This study revealed significant variations in clinical judgments of practitioners assessing suicide risk. While scores on standardized risk assessment measures were the strongest predictor of judgments regarding the need for hospitalization to ensure the safety of the patient, other influences included clinician age and levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Mental health clinicians and organizations that employ them should be aware of possible individual influences on professional judgments related to suicide risk. (PsycINFO Database Record

Research paper thumbnail of An Educationally Focused Faculty/Field Liaison Program For First-Time Field Instructors

Regular small group meetings for liaison between field and faculty have been used to provide new ... more Regular small group meetings for liaison between field and faculty have been used to provide new field instructors with knowledge and skill in learning and teaching in the practicum. Through use of an andragogical model, this new knowledge can be used in the instructor's current experience as a field practice educator. In addition, linkages between field and faculty are strengthened,

Research paper thumbnail of Field Education for Clinical Social Work Practice: Best Practices and Contemporary Challenges

Clinical Social Work Journal, 2015

ABSTRACT Field education is arguably the most significant component of the social work curriculum... more ABSTRACT Field education is arguably the most significant component of the social work curriculum in preparing competent, effective, and ethical clinical social workers. Students and alumni characterize it as such, and national accrediting bodies, both in the United States and internationally, recognize its crucial impact on the quality of social work services delivered to the public. In addition, there is likely more scholarship and research conducted on field education than on any other component of the curriculum. And yet, field educators anecdotally describe a crisis in their ability to implement the best pedagogical practices for students. This paper will discuss the developing evidence-base highlighting best practices for field education, the changing context of field education, and analyze current challenges and potential responses.

Research paper thumbnail of High-risk indicators for family involvement in social work in health care: a review of the literature

Social work, 1993

Shifts in health concerns, fiscal restraints, technological advances, and demands for accountabil... more Shifts in health concerns, fiscal restraints, technological advances, and demands for accountability have created severe tensions within health care settings. New demands point to the need for a redefinition of services. High-risk screening appears to be a clear method of delineating service need. A review of the empirical literature highlights individual, family, and illness variables that alone and together may improve identification of patients and families in need of social work services. The development of screening mechanisms may be a useful vehicle for improved psychosocial care and for the planning of social work services.

Research paper thumbnail of Interests, Activities, and Self-Identification Among Social Work Students: Toward a Definition of Social Work Identity

Recent studies have suggested that the career interests of many social work students are inconsis... more Recent studies have suggested that the career interests of many social work students are inconsistent with the traditionally defined concept of social work identity. The current study conceptualized, operationalized, and developed measures of the prevalence of various interests, preferred activities, and self-identifications associated with social work identity among graduate social work students at the University of Toronto. Reliable dimensions of

Research paper thumbnail of Interorganizational Relationships Between Schools of Social Work and Field Agencies: Testing a Framework for Analysis

Factors associated with effective interorganizational relationships between a school of social wo... more Factors associated with effective interorganizational relationships between a school of social work and field agencies were explored in a survey of 62 randomly selected field educators. The study examined the relationships between three categories of agencies and the university on four dimensions: commitment to education; organizational supports and resources; interpersonal relations; and collaborative and reciprocal activities. Findings revealed that agencies

Research paper thumbnail of A Teaching Model to Unite Classroom and Field

Integration of theory and practice is always an objective of professional education. In reality, ... more Integration of theory and practice is always an objective of professional education. In reality, social work students frequently experience a discontinuity when they move from the classroom into the practicum. Many concepts learned in the classroom seem difficult to apply in practice and appear irrelevant to learning practice skills. A teaching model that can be presented both in the classroom

Research paper thumbnail of Research Note—A Pilot Cyber Counseling Course in a Graduate Social Work Program

Journal of Social Work Education

Research paper thumbnail of Development and Initial Evaluation of the Cyber-Counseling Objective Structured Clinical Examination (COSCE)

Research on Social Work Practice, 2013

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Social Work Research in a Multicultural Society: Challenges and Approaches

Journal of Multicultural Social Work

ABSTRACT The profession of social work is becoming increasingly both research-based and multicult... more ABSTRACT The profession of social work is becoming increasingly both research-based and multicultural in its orientation. In this context, it is crucial for social work researchers to recognize, and grapple with, the conceptual and methodological challenges of conducting quantitative research with subjects from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. This paper accompanies the beginning researcher through the various phases of the research process, providing a systematic overview of the most critical methodological issues to be dealth with at each phase, as well as some possible approaches for dealing with these.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating Performance and Reflection: and Reflection: OSCE for Social Work

Research paper thumbnail of NCSSS Field Education References

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical Supervision in Contemporary Organizations

Research paper thumbnail of Interests, Activities, and Self-Identification among Social Work Students: Toward a Definition of Social Work Identity

Journal of social work education

Recent studies have suggested that the career interests of many social work students are inconsis... more Recent studies have suggested that the career interests of many social work students are inconsistent with the traditionally defined concept of social work identity. The current study conceptualized, operationalized, and developed measures of the prevalence of various interests, preferred activities, and self-identifications associated with social work identity among graduate social work students at the University of Toronto. Reliable dimensions of

Research paper thumbnail of An Innovative Online Tool to Evaluate Student Practice Competence in the Field

Background and Purpose: Schools of social work rely heavily on field instructor ratings to determ... more Background and Purpose: Schools of social work rely heavily on field instructor ratings to determine students' competence to practice, but evidence for the reliability and validity of these ratings is weak at best. Concerns include the inability of scales to differentiate between students, as demonstrated by low variability of scores and universally high performance ratings (Authors, 2002; Lager & Robbins, 2004; Raskin, 1994; Wayne, Bogo, & Raskin, 2006). This paper will present research on the development and testing of a new evaluation tool that does not rely on traditional rating scales or field instruction conferences to provide the final evaluation of student performance. Rather a tool was constructed that allows instructors to represent their students' performance in a manner more congruent with the way they describe student competence and to prepare this report without negotiating ratings with the student. Methods: A four step, multi-year process was undertaken to dev...

Research paper thumbnail of Advancing social work practice in the health field: a collaborative research partnership

Health & social work

This article describes and analyzes the development of a collaborative research model by one univ... more This article describes and analyzes the development of a collaborative research model by one university faculty of social work and 10 health care settings. Established working relationships for educating students were the foundation of a research partnership formed to study questions of mutual interest. This article discusses the developmental stage of the research consortium, including needs assessment, workshop, identification of a common theme and research topic, preliminary funding, and literature review. This stage resulted in the decision to develop and test an instrument to screen for high social risk that would be capable of identifying the need for social work involvement with families to provide effective and efficient management of patients. The Delphi methodology was chosen in the first phase of the research design, and reasons for the choice of this methodology, the results from the two Delphi rounds, and a preliminary screening instrument are presented. Finally, issues...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing Children's Risk of Abuse: The Influence of Context and Worker Variables on Professional Judgment

Purpose: In an effort to improve the ability of child welfare agencies and individual workers wit... more Purpose: In an effort to improve the ability of child welfare agencies and individual workers within these agencies to accurately identify children at risk of harm, child welfare services throughout the world are moving towards highly standardized risk assessment tools. The assumption of these models is that uniform measures and training will result in consistent and accurate assessments. However, the importance assigned to standardized tools in child welfare practice has sparked considerable controversy due, in part, to questionable reliability and validity of the measures. Previous attempts to examine reliability and validity have focused primarily on retrospective reviews and paper vignette studies. What remains unclear, however, is the degree to which specific context and worker variables may influence professional judgment and the manner in which a worker assesses risk, even on a standardized instrument. This study uses both standardized risk assessment measures and standardize...

Research paper thumbnail of Adapting Objective Structured Clinical Examinations to Assess Social Work Students' Performance and Reflections

Journal of social work education

The development of standardized, valid, and reliable methods for assessment of students' prac... more The development of standardized, valid, and reliable methods for assessment of students' practice competence continues to be a challenge for social work educators. In this study, the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), originally used in medicine to assess performance through simulated interviews, was adapted for social work to include a reflective dialogue that focused on the ability to conceptualize practice. Participants included current MSW students, recent graduates, and experienced social workers. The study demonstrated promising reliability for the method and the rating tools developed. Correlations between performance and reflection scores demonstrated that they are related, yet different, aspects of competence. The method demonstrated construct validity in that it differentiated between social workers in training and experienced workers.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating Performance and Reflection through Objective Structured Clinical Examinations for Social Work

Purpose: Social work educators need standardized, valid, and reliable outcome assessments of stud... more Purpose: Social work educators need standardized, valid, and reliable outcome assessments of students' practice competence. This study aimed to establish the reliability and construct validity of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), already used in other health professions and adapted for social work. Methods: In an OSCE, performance is assessed in a series of stations during which students interact with a standardized actor/client trained to enact a clinical situation typical for the profession. Students receive orienting information about each scenario then conduct a 15 minute interview while a faculty member or field instructor independently observes and evaluates their performance. The social work OSCE was adapted to include a 15 minute post interview reflective dialogue with the examiner, who then rates how students conceptualize, reflect on, and assess their own practice. Based on earlier work (Authors 2004; 2006), two rating tools were developed to evaluat...

Research paper thumbnail of Advancing Social Work Education: Integrating Cyber Counseling Into Practicum As a Way of the Future

Background and Purpose: There has been a radical increase over the past decade in the use of cybe... more Background and Purpose: There has been a radical increase over the past decade in the use of cyber technologies. College students in particular use the Internet, instant messaging and blogging at higher rates than individuals from other generations (Jones & Fox, 2009; Junco & Cotten, 2010). Cyber counseling is a response to this cultural shift, providing therapy online and is predicted to rise (Author, 2012; Norcross, Hedges, & Prochaska, 2002; Wright, 2002). Little is known however about the experience of the use of cyber counseling among social work students. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of Master of Social Work (MSW) practicum interns and their undergraduate student clients, to increase our understanding of the provision of cyber counseling in social work education. Methods: A School of Social Work developed a practicum pilot project whereby six MSW interns provided both face-to-face and cyber counseling to undergraduate student clients. Cyber counsel...

Research paper thumbnail of Suicide Risk Assessments: Examining Influences on Clinicians’ Professional Judgment

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2015

Professional judgment in complex clinical situations such as the assessment of suicide risk encom... more Professional judgment in complex clinical situations such as the assessment of suicide risk encompasses a multifaceted cognitive understanding of the substantive issues, technical expertise, and emotional awareness. This experimental design study investigated the degree to which the previous work-related experiences of clinicians and their preexisting emotional state influence professional judgment regarding acute risk in patients presenting with suicidal ideation. Experienced social workers and social work students conducted suicide risk assessments on 2 standardized patients performing in scenarios constructed to depict individuals presenting with suicidal ideation. This study revealed significant variations in clinical judgments of practitioners assessing suicide risk. While scores on standardized risk assessment measures were the strongest predictor of judgments regarding the need for hospitalization to ensure the safety of the patient, other influences included clinician age and levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Mental health clinicians and organizations that employ them should be aware of possible individual influences on professional judgments related to suicide risk. (PsycINFO Database Record

Research paper thumbnail of An Educationally Focused Faculty/Field Liaison Program For First-Time Field Instructors

Regular small group meetings for liaison between field and faculty have been used to provide new ... more Regular small group meetings for liaison between field and faculty have been used to provide new field instructors with knowledge and skill in learning and teaching in the practicum. Through use of an andragogical model, this new knowledge can be used in the instructor's current experience as a field practice educator. In addition, linkages between field and faculty are strengthened,

Research paper thumbnail of Field Education for Clinical Social Work Practice: Best Practices and Contemporary Challenges

Clinical Social Work Journal, 2015

ABSTRACT Field education is arguably the most significant component of the social work curriculum... more ABSTRACT Field education is arguably the most significant component of the social work curriculum in preparing competent, effective, and ethical clinical social workers. Students and alumni characterize it as such, and national accrediting bodies, both in the United States and internationally, recognize its crucial impact on the quality of social work services delivered to the public. In addition, there is likely more scholarship and research conducted on field education than on any other component of the curriculum. And yet, field educators anecdotally describe a crisis in their ability to implement the best pedagogical practices for students. This paper will discuss the developing evidence-base highlighting best practices for field education, the changing context of field education, and analyze current challenges and potential responses.

Research paper thumbnail of High-risk indicators for family involvement in social work in health care: a review of the literature

Social work, 1993

Shifts in health concerns, fiscal restraints, technological advances, and demands for accountabil... more Shifts in health concerns, fiscal restraints, technological advances, and demands for accountability have created severe tensions within health care settings. New demands point to the need for a redefinition of services. High-risk screening appears to be a clear method of delineating service need. A review of the empirical literature highlights individual, family, and illness variables that alone and together may improve identification of patients and families in need of social work services. The development of screening mechanisms may be a useful vehicle for improved psychosocial care and for the planning of social work services.

Research paper thumbnail of Interests, Activities, and Self-Identification Among Social Work Students: Toward a Definition of Social Work Identity

Recent studies have suggested that the career interests of many social work students are inconsis... more Recent studies have suggested that the career interests of many social work students are inconsistent with the traditionally defined concept of social work identity. The current study conceptualized, operationalized, and developed measures of the prevalence of various interests, preferred activities, and self-identifications associated with social work identity among graduate social work students at the University of Toronto. Reliable dimensions of

Research paper thumbnail of Interorganizational Relationships Between Schools of Social Work and Field Agencies: Testing a Framework for Analysis

Factors associated with effective interorganizational relationships between a school of social wo... more Factors associated with effective interorganizational relationships between a school of social work and field agencies were explored in a survey of 62 randomly selected field educators. The study examined the relationships between three categories of agencies and the university on four dimensions: commitment to education; organizational supports and resources; interpersonal relations; and collaborative and reciprocal activities. Findings revealed that agencies

Research paper thumbnail of A Teaching Model to Unite Classroom and Field

Integration of theory and practice is always an objective of professional education. In reality, ... more Integration of theory and practice is always an objective of professional education. In reality, social work students frequently experience a discontinuity when they move from the classroom into the practicum. Many concepts learned in the classroom seem difficult to apply in practice and appear irrelevant to learning practice skills. A teaching model that can be presented both in the classroom