Santiago Ojeda-Riascos | Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja (original) (raw)
Papers by Santiago Ojeda-Riascos
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2016
The chemical composition, antifungal and antibacterial activity of essential oils isolated by hyd... more The chemical composition, antifungal and antibacterial activity of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Chromolaena laevigata (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador, were evaluated. The chemical composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC/Flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Twenty-five volatile components were identify in essential oils, corresponding to 96.13 % of the total oils. Essential oils was rich in laevigatin (46.84 %), germacrene D (15. 38 %), viridiflorol (11.37 %), bicyclogermacrene (4.14 %), limonene (4.94 %) and α-pinene (2.85 %). The antibacterial and antifungal activities were studied by the broth microdilution method. The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacterial strains [Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 8427), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Salmonella typhimurium (LT2)] and Gram-positive bacterial strains [Enter...
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Background: One of the major clinical challenges is to achieve a rapid and efficient treatment of... more Background: One of the major clinical challenges is to achieve a rapid and efficient treatment of complex chronic wounds. Nowadays, most wound dressings currently available are unable to find a solution the challenges of resistance to bacterial infection, protein adsorption and increased levels of exudates. Natural inorganic ingredients (clay minerals, metal cations, zeolites, etc) could be the key to solve the problem satisfactorily. Some of these materials have shown biocompatibility and ability to enhance cell adhesion, proliferation and cellular differentiation and uptake. Besides, some natural inorganic ingredients effectively retain drugs, allowing the design of drug delivery matrices. Objective: possibilities of natural inorganic ingredients in wound healing treatments have been reviewed, the following sections have been included: 1. Introduction 2. Functions of Inorganic Ingredients in wound healing 2.1. Antimicrobial effects 2.2. Hemostatic effects 3. Clay minerals for woun...
Analizar la prevalencia de la mutación C677T MTHFR en diabéticos que padecen enfermedad vascular ... more Analizar la prevalencia de la mutación C677T MTHFR en diabéticos que padecen enfermedad vascular (DCV), discriminando según presenten cardiopatía isquémica (DCI) o no y en relación con la dislipidemia. Determinar si homocisteinemia basal (Hcys) está aumentada en pacientes que presentan la mutación. Materiales y métodos. Plasma con EDTA y sangre total, de 20 DCV, edades 51 a 78 años, 6 mujeres y 14 hombres. Equipo IMX, para determinar Hcys (enzimoinmunoanálisis), Termociclador Perkin Elmer para amplificar ADN (Reacción polimerasa en cadena). Cuba electroforética BIORAD para correr fragmentos obtenidos con enzimas de restricción y detectar la mutación por RFLP (restriction fragments length polimorphisms) Resultados: La mutación C677T MTHFR se encontró en 14 pacientes de los 20 estudiados, 12 heterocigotos y 2 homocigotos mutados. Hcys basal aumentada resultó en 8 pacientes de los 20 estudiados, sólo 3 de ellos presentaban la mutación siendo heterocigotos. Conclusiones: En 20 DCV estudiados para la mutación se encontró una frecuencia alélica para T (40%) mayor que en la población general.(35%). Los DCI presentaron una frecuencia alélica para T aún mayor (45%) que la población DCV en general. No hubo aumento de Hcys basal significativo en los pacientes con la mutación respecto al resto (p>0.1) y se tuvieron valores altos de Hcys en algunos pacientes que no presentaron la mutación. Esta mutación no es la única causa de aumento de Hcys y a veces es necesario realizar Hcys postcarga de metionina para manifestar hiperhomocisteinemia. El resultado de Hcys basal no permite descartar ni asegurar la presencia de la mutación.
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2015
The essential oil of aerial parts from Baccharis obtusifolia (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador... more The essential oil of aerial parts from Baccharis obtusifolia (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador was obtained by hydrodistillation and examined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS and GC–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) analysis. Thirty-one individual compounds were identified and constitute 96.1% of the total composition of the oil. The main constituents of the oil were limonene (28.3%), germacrene-D (9.8%), α-pinene (9.0%), β-pinene (8.2%), bicyclogermacrene (6.2%) and δ-cadinene (5.7%). The essential oil showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Baccharis obtusifolia oil exhibited a moderate antibacterial effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), and good antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185). In this study, the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of B. obtusifolia (Asteraceae) are reported for the first time.
Natural Product Research
In the present research, the essential oil from Piper ecuadorense was analysed by GC/MS and GC/FI... more In the present research, the essential oil from Piper ecuadorense was analysed by GC/MS and GC/FID techniques. A total of forty-four chemical compounds were identified which represent 98.65% of the essential oil composition. The main compounds were bicyclogermacrene (12.98%), 3-thujopsanone (11.59%), α-phellandrene (6.89%), (E)-nerolidol (6.88%), δ-elemene (6.83%) and shyobunol (5.79%). The essential oil from P. ecuadorense exerted a strong activity against Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with an MIC of 250 μg/mL, and a very strong activity against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185) with an MIC of 62.5 μg/mL in both cases. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was explored using DPPH and ABTS method, through ABTS assay. The oils showed an IC50 of 1.81 ± 0.09 mg/mL. This is the first report on the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil from this species.
Essential oils are highly demanded substances worldwide. They can be used without modification du... more Essential oils are highly demanded substances worldwide. They can be used without modification due to their different chemical and biological properties or as natural sources of chemical compounds. The limit in the use of these metabolites is their low yield. In the present investigation, the essential oil of fruits from Dacryodes peruviana collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon was extracted and studied. The essential oil was released from the plant matrix and isolated by hydrodistillation. The yields obtained were 4.8 ± 0.2% and 11.3 ± 0.2% for fresh and dried fruits, respectively, one of the highest yields on record to date. Twenty-five chemical compounds were identified by GC/MS and GC/FID techniques. The principal constituent was α-phellandrene, with 50.32 ± 3.32%. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was assayed against five Gram negative bacteria, two Gram positive bacteria and two fungi. The essential oil exerted a moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The repellent ...
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants
Current Pharmaceutical Design, Feb 1, 2020
Background: One of the major clinical challenges is to achieve a rapid and efficient treatment of... more Background: One of the major clinical challenges is to achieve a rapid and efficient treatment of complex chronic wounds. Nowadays, most wound dressings currently available are unable to find a solution to the challenges of resistance to bacterial infection, protein adsorption and increased levels of exudates. Natural inorganic ingredients (clay minerals, metal cations, zeolites, etc) could be the key to solve the problem satisfactorily. Some of these materials have shown biocompatibility and ability to enhance cell adhesion, proliferation and cellular differentiation and uptake. Besides, some natural inorganic ingredients effectively retain drugs, allowing the design of drug delivery matrices.
Objective: Possibilities of natural inorganic ingredients in wound healing treatments have been reviewed, the following sections have been included:
1. Introduction
2. Functions of Inorganic Ingredients in wound healing
2.1. Antimicrobial effects
2.2. Hemostatic effects
3. Clay minerals for wound healing
3.1. Clay minerals
3.2. Clay mineral semisolid formulations
3.3. Clay/polymer composites and nanocomposites
3.4. Clay minerals in wound dressings
4. Other inorganic materials for wound healing
4.1. Zeolites
4.2. Silica and other silicates
4.3. Other minerals
4.4. Transition metals
5. Conclusion
Conclusion: Inorganic ingredients possess useful features for the development of chronic wounds advanced treatments. They improve physical (mechanical resistance and water vapor transmission), chemical (release of drugs, hemostasis and/or adsorption of exudates and moisture) and biological (antimicrobial effects and improvement of healing) properties of wound dressings. In summary, inorganic ingredients have proved to be a promising and easily accessible products in the treatment of wounds and, more importantly, chronic wounds.
AXIOMA, Nov 30, 2019
Pinocembrin is a flavanone that shows pharmacological and biological activities such as antifunga... more Pinocembrin is a flavanone that shows pharmacological and biological activities such as antifungal, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidants. This secondary metabolite has been identified in several plants belonging of the Piperaceae family. Piper ecuadorense is a native shrub used in traditional medicine herbal healers from the Saraguro indigenous community of Ecuador. Therefore, due his important activity is necessary develop and validate an HPLC-DAD method for the determination of pinocembrin in Piper ecuadorense leaves extracts. The method utilized a BDS Hipersil C-18 column (5 µm, 4.6x250 mm i.d.) with the mixture of ammonium acetate and methanol as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1 mL/min and detection was by UV at 290 nm. The parameters linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the HPLC method were achieved. The method showed excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9998) and the recovery was 100.70-101.33%. A high degree of accuracy and precision (RSD less than 3% for intraday and interday) were likewise reached. A simple, precise, accurate and reproducible HPLC method was successfully developed and validated to analyze pinocembrin in Piper ecuadorense leaves extracts.
AXIOMA, 2018
In the course of identifying promissory plants with hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities we ev... more In the course of identifying promissory plants with hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities we evaluated the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, the total soluble phenolic content (TSPC), the free
radicals (DPPH, ABTS) scavenging activity and the linoleic autoxidation inhibitory capacity, of twelve plants used in traditional medicine of Ecuador: Siparuna eggersi (Monte de oso), Croton wagneri (Moshquera), Ilex guayusa (Guayusa), Baccharis genistelloides (Tres filos), Neonelsonia acuminate (Zanahoria blanca), Oreocallis grandiflora (Cucharillo), Verbena litoralis (Verbena), Justicia colorata (Insulina), Artocarpus altilis (Fruto del pan), Adiantun poiretii (Culantrillo), Costus comosus (Caña agria) and Piper crassinervium (Guabiduca).The study has shown that O. grandiflora was superior in comparison to the others plants, especially, in terms of its inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase (IC50= 2.8 ± 0.4 µg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50= 161.5 ± 1.3 µg/mL), as well as for free radicals (DPPH, ABTS) scavenging activity (IC 50-DPPH= 9.9 ± 0.06 µg/mL; IC50-TEAC= 6.6 ± 0.55 µg/mL). On the other hand, A. altilis had the major linoleic autoxidation inhibitory capacity (IC50-β-CLAMS= 3.1 ± 0.20 µg/mL), and O. grandiflora again had the highest value of total soluble phenolic content (TSPC = 185.9 ± 0.09 GAEs/g extract). These findings suggest that O. grandiflora might be considered as an alternative enzyme inhibitory and antioxidative agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2016
The chemical composition, antifungal and antibacterial activity of essential oils isolated by hyd... more The chemical composition, antifungal and antibacterial activity of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Chromolaena laevigata (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador, were evaluated. The chemical composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC/Flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Twenty-five volatile components were identify in essential oils, corresponding to 96.13 % of the total oils. Essential oils was rich in laevigatin (46.84 %), germacrene D (15. 38%), viridiflorol (11.37 %), bicyclogermacrene (4.14 %), limonene (4.94 %) and α-pinene (2.85 %). The antibacterial and antifungal activities were studied by the broth microdilution method. The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacterial strains [Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 8427), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Salmonella typhimurium
(LT2)] and Gram-positive bacterial strains [Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)] and antifungal activity was determined against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185). The essential oil from C. laevigata exhibited activity against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185).
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2015
The essential oil of aerial parts from Baccharis obtusifolia (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador... more The essential oil of aerial parts from Baccharis obtusifolia (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador was obtained by hydrodistillation and examined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS and GC–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) analysis. Thirty-one individual compounds were identified and constitute 96.1% of the total composition of the oil. The main constituents of the oil were limonene (28.3%), germacrene-D (9.8%), ?-pinene (9.0%), ?-pinene (8.2%), bicyclogermacrene (6.2%) and ?-cadinene (5.7%). The essential oil showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Baccharis obtusifolia oil exhibited a moderate antibacterial effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), and good antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185). In this study, the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of B. obtusifolia (Asteraceae) are reported for the first time.
Objetivos: Analizar la prevalencia de la mutación C677T MTHFR en diabéticos que padecen enfermeda... more Objetivos: Analizar la prevalencia de la mutación C677T MTHFR en diabéticos que padecen enfermedad vascular (DCV), discriminando según presenten cardiopatía isquémica (DCI) o no y en relación con la dislipidemia. Determinar si homocisteinemia basal (Hcys) está aumentada en pacientes que presentan la mutación. Materiales y métodos. Plasma con EDTA y sangre total, de 20 DCV, edades 51 a 78 años, 6 mujeres y 14 hombres. Equipo IMX, para determinar Hcys (enzimoinmunoanálisis), Termociclador Perkin Elmer para amplificar ADN (Reacción polimerasa en cadena). Cuba electroforética BIORAD para correr fragmentos obtenidos con enzimas de restricción y detectar la mutación por RFLP (restriction fragments length polimorphisms) Resultados: La mutación C677T MTHFR se encontró en 14 pacientes de los 20 estudiados, 12 heterocigotos y 2 homocigotos mutados. Hcys basal aumentada resultó en 8 pacientes de los 20 estudiados, sólo 3 de ellos presentaban la mutación siendo heterocigotos. Conclusiones: En 20 DCV estudiados para la mutación se encontró una frecuencia alélica para T (40%) mayor que en la población general.(35%).
Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas , 2013
In this study we evaluated the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity in vitro of the extract... more In this study we evaluated the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity in vitro of the extracts obtained with solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, of the medicinal plant Oreocallis grandiflora (cucharillo), collected in the Saraguro indian community of the province Loja, southern Ecuador. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the tests: DPPH, FOLIN-CIOCALTEU and β-CLAMS, while the antihyperglycemic activity was determined by inhibition assay α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The samples were diluted to different concentrations and the reading was performed in a UV spectrophotometer, using as positive control α-tocopherol for DPPH and Folin-ciocalteu test, trolox for β-CLAMS test, and Glucobay® for testing α-amylase and α-glucosidase.The results are expressed as IC50, these show that the methanol extract of Oreocallis grandiflora has inhibitory effect on α-amylase, the IC50 is 109 μg/ml, compared to 126 μg/ ml of Glucobay®. It also shows inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, the IC50 is 3 μg/ml compared to 1316 μg/ml of Glucobay®. It also shows antioxidant activity, its IC50 is 15 μg/ml compared to 5 μg/ml of α-tocopherol.
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2016
The chemical composition, antifungal and antibacterial activity of essential oils isolated by hyd... more The chemical composition, antifungal and antibacterial activity of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Chromolaena laevigata (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador, were evaluated. The chemical composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC/Flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Twenty-five volatile components were identify in essential oils, corresponding to 96.13 % of the total oils. Essential oils was rich in laevigatin (46.84 %), germacrene D (15. 38 %), viridiflorol (11.37 %), bicyclogermacrene (4.14 %), limonene (4.94 %) and α-pinene (2.85 %). The antibacterial and antifungal activities were studied by the broth microdilution method. The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacterial strains [Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 8427), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Salmonella typhimurium (LT2)] and Gram-positive bacterial strains [Enter...
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Background: One of the major clinical challenges is to achieve a rapid and efficient treatment of... more Background: One of the major clinical challenges is to achieve a rapid and efficient treatment of complex chronic wounds. Nowadays, most wound dressings currently available are unable to find a solution the challenges of resistance to bacterial infection, protein adsorption and increased levels of exudates. Natural inorganic ingredients (clay minerals, metal cations, zeolites, etc) could be the key to solve the problem satisfactorily. Some of these materials have shown biocompatibility and ability to enhance cell adhesion, proliferation and cellular differentiation and uptake. Besides, some natural inorganic ingredients effectively retain drugs, allowing the design of drug delivery matrices. Objective: possibilities of natural inorganic ingredients in wound healing treatments have been reviewed, the following sections have been included: 1. Introduction 2. Functions of Inorganic Ingredients in wound healing 2.1. Antimicrobial effects 2.2. Hemostatic effects 3. Clay minerals for woun...
Analizar la prevalencia de la mutación C677T MTHFR en diabéticos que padecen enfermedad vascular ... more Analizar la prevalencia de la mutación C677T MTHFR en diabéticos que padecen enfermedad vascular (DCV), discriminando según presenten cardiopatía isquémica (DCI) o no y en relación con la dislipidemia. Determinar si homocisteinemia basal (Hcys) está aumentada en pacientes que presentan la mutación. Materiales y métodos. Plasma con EDTA y sangre total, de 20 DCV, edades 51 a 78 años, 6 mujeres y 14 hombres. Equipo IMX, para determinar Hcys (enzimoinmunoanálisis), Termociclador Perkin Elmer para amplificar ADN (Reacción polimerasa en cadena). Cuba electroforética BIORAD para correr fragmentos obtenidos con enzimas de restricción y detectar la mutación por RFLP (restriction fragments length polimorphisms) Resultados: La mutación C677T MTHFR se encontró en 14 pacientes de los 20 estudiados, 12 heterocigotos y 2 homocigotos mutados. Hcys basal aumentada resultó en 8 pacientes de los 20 estudiados, sólo 3 de ellos presentaban la mutación siendo heterocigotos. Conclusiones: En 20 DCV estudiados para la mutación se encontró una frecuencia alélica para T (40%) mayor que en la población general.(35%). Los DCI presentaron una frecuencia alélica para T aún mayor (45%) que la población DCV en general. No hubo aumento de Hcys basal significativo en los pacientes con la mutación respecto al resto (p>0.1) y se tuvieron valores altos de Hcys en algunos pacientes que no presentaron la mutación. Esta mutación no es la única causa de aumento de Hcys y a veces es necesario realizar Hcys postcarga de metionina para manifestar hiperhomocisteinemia. El resultado de Hcys basal no permite descartar ni asegurar la presencia de la mutación.
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2015
The essential oil of aerial parts from Baccharis obtusifolia (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador... more The essential oil of aerial parts from Baccharis obtusifolia (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador was obtained by hydrodistillation and examined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS and GC–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) analysis. Thirty-one individual compounds were identified and constitute 96.1% of the total composition of the oil. The main constituents of the oil were limonene (28.3%), germacrene-D (9.8%), α-pinene (9.0%), β-pinene (8.2%), bicyclogermacrene (6.2%) and δ-cadinene (5.7%). The essential oil showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Baccharis obtusifolia oil exhibited a moderate antibacterial effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), and good antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185). In this study, the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of B. obtusifolia (Asteraceae) are reported for the first time.
Natural Product Research
In the present research, the essential oil from Piper ecuadorense was analysed by GC/MS and GC/FI... more In the present research, the essential oil from Piper ecuadorense was analysed by GC/MS and GC/FID techniques. A total of forty-four chemical compounds were identified which represent 98.65% of the essential oil composition. The main compounds were bicyclogermacrene (12.98%), 3-thujopsanone (11.59%), α-phellandrene (6.89%), (E)-nerolidol (6.88%), δ-elemene (6.83%) and shyobunol (5.79%). The essential oil from P. ecuadorense exerted a strong activity against Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with an MIC of 250 μg/mL, and a very strong activity against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185) with an MIC of 62.5 μg/mL in both cases. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was explored using DPPH and ABTS method, through ABTS assay. The oils showed an IC50 of 1.81 ± 0.09 mg/mL. This is the first report on the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil from this species.
Essential oils are highly demanded substances worldwide. They can be used without modification du... more Essential oils are highly demanded substances worldwide. They can be used without modification due to their different chemical and biological properties or as natural sources of chemical compounds. The limit in the use of these metabolites is their low yield. In the present investigation, the essential oil of fruits from Dacryodes peruviana collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon was extracted and studied. The essential oil was released from the plant matrix and isolated by hydrodistillation. The yields obtained were 4.8 ± 0.2% and 11.3 ± 0.2% for fresh and dried fruits, respectively, one of the highest yields on record to date. Twenty-five chemical compounds were identified by GC/MS and GC/FID techniques. The principal constituent was α-phellandrene, with 50.32 ± 3.32%. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was assayed against five Gram negative bacteria, two Gram positive bacteria and two fungi. The essential oil exerted a moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The repellent ...
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants
Current Pharmaceutical Design, Feb 1, 2020
Background: One of the major clinical challenges is to achieve a rapid and efficient treatment of... more Background: One of the major clinical challenges is to achieve a rapid and efficient treatment of complex chronic wounds. Nowadays, most wound dressings currently available are unable to find a solution to the challenges of resistance to bacterial infection, protein adsorption and increased levels of exudates. Natural inorganic ingredients (clay minerals, metal cations, zeolites, etc) could be the key to solve the problem satisfactorily. Some of these materials have shown biocompatibility and ability to enhance cell adhesion, proliferation and cellular differentiation and uptake. Besides, some natural inorganic ingredients effectively retain drugs, allowing the design of drug delivery matrices.
Objective: Possibilities of natural inorganic ingredients in wound healing treatments have been reviewed, the following sections have been included:
1. Introduction
2. Functions of Inorganic Ingredients in wound healing
2.1. Antimicrobial effects
2.2. Hemostatic effects
3. Clay minerals for wound healing
3.1. Clay minerals
3.2. Clay mineral semisolid formulations
3.3. Clay/polymer composites and nanocomposites
3.4. Clay minerals in wound dressings
4. Other inorganic materials for wound healing
4.1. Zeolites
4.2. Silica and other silicates
4.3. Other minerals
4.4. Transition metals
5. Conclusion
Conclusion: Inorganic ingredients possess useful features for the development of chronic wounds advanced treatments. They improve physical (mechanical resistance and water vapor transmission), chemical (release of drugs, hemostasis and/or adsorption of exudates and moisture) and biological (antimicrobial effects and improvement of healing) properties of wound dressings. In summary, inorganic ingredients have proved to be a promising and easily accessible products in the treatment of wounds and, more importantly, chronic wounds.
AXIOMA, Nov 30, 2019
Pinocembrin is a flavanone that shows pharmacological and biological activities such as antifunga... more Pinocembrin is a flavanone that shows pharmacological and biological activities such as antifungal, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidants. This secondary metabolite has been identified in several plants belonging of the Piperaceae family. Piper ecuadorense is a native shrub used in traditional medicine herbal healers from the Saraguro indigenous community of Ecuador. Therefore, due his important activity is necessary develop and validate an HPLC-DAD method for the determination of pinocembrin in Piper ecuadorense leaves extracts. The method utilized a BDS Hipersil C-18 column (5 µm, 4.6x250 mm i.d.) with the mixture of ammonium acetate and methanol as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1 mL/min and detection was by UV at 290 nm. The parameters linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the HPLC method were achieved. The method showed excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9998) and the recovery was 100.70-101.33%. A high degree of accuracy and precision (RSD less than 3% for intraday and interday) were likewise reached. A simple, precise, accurate and reproducible HPLC method was successfully developed and validated to analyze pinocembrin in Piper ecuadorense leaves extracts.
AXIOMA, 2018
In the course of identifying promissory plants with hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities we ev... more In the course of identifying promissory plants with hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities we evaluated the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, the total soluble phenolic content (TSPC), the free
radicals (DPPH, ABTS) scavenging activity and the linoleic autoxidation inhibitory capacity, of twelve plants used in traditional medicine of Ecuador: Siparuna eggersi (Monte de oso), Croton wagneri (Moshquera), Ilex guayusa (Guayusa), Baccharis genistelloides (Tres filos), Neonelsonia acuminate (Zanahoria blanca), Oreocallis grandiflora (Cucharillo), Verbena litoralis (Verbena), Justicia colorata (Insulina), Artocarpus altilis (Fruto del pan), Adiantun poiretii (Culantrillo), Costus comosus (Caña agria) and Piper crassinervium (Guabiduca).The study has shown that O. grandiflora was superior in comparison to the others plants, especially, in terms of its inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase (IC50= 2.8 ± 0.4 µg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50= 161.5 ± 1.3 µg/mL), as well as for free radicals (DPPH, ABTS) scavenging activity (IC 50-DPPH= 9.9 ± 0.06 µg/mL; IC50-TEAC= 6.6 ± 0.55 µg/mL). On the other hand, A. altilis had the major linoleic autoxidation inhibitory capacity (IC50-β-CLAMS= 3.1 ± 0.20 µg/mL), and O. grandiflora again had the highest value of total soluble phenolic content (TSPC = 185.9 ± 0.09 GAEs/g extract). These findings suggest that O. grandiflora might be considered as an alternative enzyme inhibitory and antioxidative agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2016
The chemical composition, antifungal and antibacterial activity of essential oils isolated by hyd... more The chemical composition, antifungal and antibacterial activity of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Chromolaena laevigata (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador, were evaluated. The chemical composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC/Flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Twenty-five volatile components were identify in essential oils, corresponding to 96.13 % of the total oils. Essential oils was rich in laevigatin (46.84 %), germacrene D (15. 38%), viridiflorol (11.37 %), bicyclogermacrene (4.14 %), limonene (4.94 %) and α-pinene (2.85 %). The antibacterial and antifungal activities were studied by the broth microdilution method. The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacterial strains [Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 8427), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Salmonella typhimurium
(LT2)] and Gram-positive bacterial strains [Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)] and antifungal activity was determined against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185). The essential oil from C. laevigata exhibited activity against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185).
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2015
The essential oil of aerial parts from Baccharis obtusifolia (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador... more The essential oil of aerial parts from Baccharis obtusifolia (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador was obtained by hydrodistillation and examined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS and GC–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) analysis. Thirty-one individual compounds were identified and constitute 96.1% of the total composition of the oil. The main constituents of the oil were limonene (28.3%), germacrene-D (9.8%), ?-pinene (9.0%), ?-pinene (8.2%), bicyclogermacrene (6.2%) and ?-cadinene (5.7%). The essential oil showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Baccharis obtusifolia oil exhibited a moderate antibacterial effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), and good antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185). In this study, the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of B. obtusifolia (Asteraceae) are reported for the first time.
Objetivos: Analizar la prevalencia de la mutación C677T MTHFR en diabéticos que padecen enfermeda... more Objetivos: Analizar la prevalencia de la mutación C677T MTHFR en diabéticos que padecen enfermedad vascular (DCV), discriminando según presenten cardiopatía isquémica (DCI) o no y en relación con la dislipidemia. Determinar si homocisteinemia basal (Hcys) está aumentada en pacientes que presentan la mutación. Materiales y métodos. Plasma con EDTA y sangre total, de 20 DCV, edades 51 a 78 años, 6 mujeres y 14 hombres. Equipo IMX, para determinar Hcys (enzimoinmunoanálisis), Termociclador Perkin Elmer para amplificar ADN (Reacción polimerasa en cadena). Cuba electroforética BIORAD para correr fragmentos obtenidos con enzimas de restricción y detectar la mutación por RFLP (restriction fragments length polimorphisms) Resultados: La mutación C677T MTHFR se encontró en 14 pacientes de los 20 estudiados, 12 heterocigotos y 2 homocigotos mutados. Hcys basal aumentada resultó en 8 pacientes de los 20 estudiados, sólo 3 de ellos presentaban la mutación siendo heterocigotos. Conclusiones: En 20 DCV estudiados para la mutación se encontró una frecuencia alélica para T (40%) mayor que en la población general.(35%).
Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas , 2013
In this study we evaluated the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity in vitro of the extract... more In this study we evaluated the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity in vitro of the extracts obtained with solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, of the medicinal plant Oreocallis grandiflora (cucharillo), collected in the Saraguro indian community of the province Loja, southern Ecuador. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the tests: DPPH, FOLIN-CIOCALTEU and β-CLAMS, while the antihyperglycemic activity was determined by inhibition assay α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The samples were diluted to different concentrations and the reading was performed in a UV spectrophotometer, using as positive control α-tocopherol for DPPH and Folin-ciocalteu test, trolox for β-CLAMS test, and Glucobay® for testing α-amylase and α-glucosidase.The results are expressed as IC50, these show that the methanol extract of Oreocallis grandiflora has inhibitory effect on α-amylase, the IC50 is 109 μg/ml, compared to 126 μg/ ml of Glucobay®. It also shows inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, the IC50 is 3 μg/ml compared to 1316 μg/ml of Glucobay®. It also shows antioxidant activity, its IC50 is 15 μg/ml compared to 5 μg/ml of α-tocopherol.