Rama Krishna Alla | VDC (original) (raw)
Papers by Rama Krishna Alla
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Mar 31, 2023
AIM: The study aimed to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of the three diffe... more AIM: The study aimed to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of the three different retreatment file systems using cone-beam computed tomography imaging (CBCT). Methodology: Thirty three single-rooted, mandibular premolars were prepared up to ProTaper Gold size F2. Post intrumentation CBCT imaging was taken for all the samples. Obturation is done. The samples were randomly assigned to three different retreatment groups (n = 11), Group I: Pro Taper Universal retreatment kit, Group II: Mtwo R, and Group III: Xp endoshaper. Retreatment was done for all the samples using respective file systems followed by a Post-retreatment CBCT imaging. The two scans were compared both bucco-lingually and mesiodistally to determine canal transportation and centering ability at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex using DICOM Software. The results obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using One way Anova and Post hoc tukey test. Results: The mean canal transportation was least for Xp endoshaper (Group III). A Significant difference in canal transportation and centering ability was not observed at all three levels from the apex. Conclusion: Under in-vitro conditions, all three file systems have shown similar efficacy concerning canal transportation and centering ability. Based on mean values, canal transportation was higher for PTUR, followed by Mtwo R and Xp endo shaper in mesiodistal and buccolingual directions at 3, 6 and 9mm, and canal centering ability XP endo shaper stay centered followed by Mtwo R and PTUR in mesiodistal and buccolingual directions at 3, 6 and 9 mm.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2023
Sample size calculation: Considering the methodology and results of the study conducted by Jowkar... more Sample size calculation: Considering the methodology and results of the study conducted by Jowkar Z et al., (2019) [8]. Using G*Power 3.1.9.2 software for power analysis indicated that the authors required a total of 56 samples. The number of samples to evaluate anti-microbial property was 28, and 14 samples each to test FS and SMH. Preparation of samples: Incorporation of AgVO3 into resins in the earlier studies have shown that FS was decreased with increase in the concentration of AgVO3 nanoparticles with no change in SMH. Also, as increase in percentage of AgVO3 cause agglomeration of
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Jul 10, 2023
Background: The craniofacial morphology and its growth pattern are determined by the influence of... more Background: The craniofacial morphology and its growth pattern are determined by the influence of various environmental factors depending on the genetic background. Due to the close association of MSX 1 and SMARCAD gene on the same chromosome, it can be hypothesized that malocclusion and fingerprint pattern are related. Furthermore, it is observed that the orofacial structures originate from the same embryonic tissue as the epidermal ridges, which are the ectoderm. Thus, the simultaneous development of the epidermal ridges and the orofacial structure during this time is deciphered and reflected in the fingerprint patterns. Aim: This study aimed to analyse, compare, and correlate the fingerprint patterns of individuals with different skeletal malocclusions and growth patterns using manual and digital methods. Materials and Methods: Patients (a random sample of 544) who were undergoing orthodontic treatment and were able to give informed consent were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained prior to the start of the procedure, with due regard to ethical issues and the confidentiality of fingerprint records. The anteroposterior jaw relation was determined from the patient's lateral cephalogram with evaluation of the parameters: SNA, ANB, SNB and growth patterns are determined using the mandibular plane angle according to Steiners analysis, the nature of the growth patterns, i.e., horizontal (HGP), Average (AGP) and vertical (VGP) growth pattern. Results: Individuals with loop patterns had a frequency of skeletal class I malocclusion, Whorl patterns with skeletal class II malocclusion, and Arch patterns with skeletal class III malocclusion. Consistent with the growth patterns, the whorl pattern was seen more prominently in the horizontal growth pattern, Arch pattern in the average growth pattern, and the loop pattern in the vertical growth pattern. Conclusion: Thus, the dermatoglyphics can be used as a screening tool for early prediction of skeletal malocclusion in a younger age group.
International Journal of Dental Materials, 2023
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative treatment modality that utilizes a combination of a p... more Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative treatment modality that utilizes a combination of a photosensitizing agent, specific wavelengths of light, and molecular oxygen to selectively target and destroy abnormal cells or tissues while sparing healthy surrounding structures. This approach has gained significant attention in the medical field due to its potential to provide effective and less invasive treatment options for various conditions. The development of PDT was driven by the need for treatments that overcome the limitations of conventional modalities such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. PDT offers several benefits over these approaches, including its ability to provide targeted therapy, reduced side effects, minimal damage to healthy tissues, and versatility in treating different diseases. One of the key advantages of PDT is its selectivity. By utilizing photosensitizers that accumulate in diseased or abnormal cells, PDT can precisely target the affected tissue while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. This selectivity allows for focused treatment, reducing the potential for unnecessary harm to surrounding structures. Furthermore, PDT offers faster recovery times and potentially better cosmetic outcomes compared to surgery, as it does not require extensive incisions or removal of tissues. Additionally, the localized nature of PDT minimizes systemic toxicity and long-term complications, making it a well-tolerated treatment option. PDT has demonstrated efficacy in various medical fields, including oncology, dermatology, and ophthalmology. It has been used to treat different types of cancers, including skin, lung, oesophagal, and bladder cancer, as well as manage conditions like age-related macular degeneration and certain dermatological disorders. This article reviewed the development, mechanism, and applications of PDT in the medical field.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2023
Results: Total of 20 extracted premolars were analysed. On inter-group comparison, it was observe... more Results: Total of 20 extracted premolars were analysed. On inter-group comparison, it was observed that mean dye penetration was lowest for Group-1 (0.6±0.69) compared to Group-2 (2±0.81) and the difference observed was statistically significant (p=0.001). BF exhibited a lower FS of 211.69±43.9 compared to Ormocer 326.19±90.3, the difference is statistically significant (p=0.001). However, BF exhibited a higher SH of 38.3±0.15 compared to Ormocer 33.70±0.86, and the difference is statistically significant (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Ormocer exhibited improved marginal integrity and also higher FS compared to BF resin restorative materials. However, BF exhibited higher SH values compared to Ormocer.
207 to continuous applications of small forces. Similarly, repetitive nature of masticatory load ... more 207 to continuous applications of small forces. Similarly, repetitive nature of masticatory load results in the propagation of cracks which weakens the denture base and finally results in the fracture. [1,5] Fracture of dentures in clinical service has been concerned, and several attempts have been made to improve flexural and impact strength of PMMA. Researches in these areas aimed to modifying the composition or reinforcing the PMMA with another stronger materials for developing a new materials with better properties. [6] Several researchers have been demonstrated that the PMMA can be showing improved physical and mechanical properties such as thermal conductivity, polymerization shrinkage, water sorption, fatigue behavior, impact strength and flexural modulus
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. eBooks, 2013
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Apr 20, 2023
Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the number of canals safely enlarged with Protaper instruments b... more Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the number of canals safely enlarged with Protaper instruments before the instrument showed initial signs of failure. Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted 100 human molar teeth with canal curvature < 200 were included in the study. Group 1(PTU SX files) (n=50): Instrumentation was done with Pro taper Universal files, Group 2 (PTG SX files) (n=50): Instrumentation was done with Pro taper gold rotary files. The total number of root canals considered for instrumentation in each group was 150. After the access opening of all teeth, canal patency was checked and the SX files of PTU were instrumented in 50 teeth, and the SX files of PTG were instrumented in another 50 teeth. The SX files were checked for any signs of failure after each use under the Dental operating microscope. The number of canals enlarged before showing the signs of failure was noted. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed with the independent t-test. Results: The difference was statistically significant with a p value of 0.006 in the number of canals enlarged by PTU SX files and PTG SX files without showing any signs of failure. The mean number of canals enlarged using PTG SX files was 10 ± 1.054 compared to PTU SX files (8.6 ± 0.966). Conclusions: PTG SX files were used in more canals than PTU SX files, before showing initial signs of failure thereby showing the more efficiency of gold files.
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Mar 22, 2023
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Jan 17, 2023
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge, attitude an... more Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge, attitude and behaviour of the population aged 16-84 years toward the presence of missing teeth and prosthodontics treatment options available for replacing those missing teeth. Study Selection: A pre-structured multiple-choice questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic questions was given to 300 patients randomly after obtaining their informed consent. The questions included in the survey helped to assess the patient's level of knowledge and awareness of the prosthodontic treatment as a whole. Results: All the age group population were aware of missing teeth in their mouth and are aware of the replacement of those missing teeth. Among subjects, with a degree qualification, 18% choice of removable, 38.5% choice was fixed partial denture, and the other 38.5 % choice was implant option. For 61.6% of the elder group, 47.6% of the middle age group, and 32.7% of the younger adults, friends and relatives were the sources of information. Conclusion: This study found that patients' understanding, and awareness of prosthodontic treatment had improved. Removable dentures were the treatment option of choice for the geriatric age group when considering prosthodontic treatment alternatives. Higher-educated individuals opted for fixed dentures and implants as treatment choices.
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Jun 6, 2023
Calcium hydroxide is a commonly used material in pulp capping procedures due to its favourable bi... more Calcium hydroxide is a commonly used material in pulp capping procedures due to its favourable biological properties, including the ability to promote dentin bridge formation and stimulate reparative dentinogenesis. The mechanical properties of calcium hydroxide, including its compressive strength, flexural strength, and wear resistance, are relatively low, but they are not critical properties in pulp capping procedures. However, the composition and formulation of calcium hydroxide can vary depending on the manufacturer, and this can affect the material's physical and chemical properties, as well as its handling characteristics. Despite these variations, calcium hydroxide remains a popular choice for pulp capping due to its favourable biological properties and its long-standing history of use in dental procedures.
UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
Background: Plaque build-up around fixed orthodontic appliances might lead to clinical problems. ... more Background: Plaque build-up around fixed orthodontic appliances might lead to clinical problems. Even though mouthwashes are recommended during orthodontic treatment, the magnitude of force loading and unloading in elastomeric chains is significantly affected by alcohol-containing mouthwashes. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of herbal mouthwashes on the force degradation of two orthodontic E-chains. Materials and Methods: Chlorhexidine, Hiora-K and Triphala were used in the study. Ninety pieces of closed clear E-chains with five loops each of AO and 3M companies were collected and divided into three groups (n=30) namely Chlorhexidine, Hiora-K and Triphala. Each group was divided into two sub-groups based on the E-chain brands (n=15). On day 1, the original force was recorded by stretching the E-chain up to 25mm using universal testing machine and the load was recorded in kilograms and converted to grams. The E-chains were subjected to their respective mouthwashes daily for...
International Journal of Dental Materials
Glass-ionomer dental cements (GICs) are aesthetic direct restorative materials with anticariogeni... more Glass-ionomer dental cements (GICs) are aesthetic direct restorative materials with anticariogenic activity. Glass-ionomers are composed of alumino-silicate glass powder and poly acrylic acid liquid. The significant characteristics of GICs among restorative materials are their ability to bond to moist tooth structure without any pre-treatment and to provide a prolonged period of fluoride release, which prevents subsequent tooth decay (caries). These characteristics, along with the materials' acceptable aesthetics and biocompatibility, make them popular and desirable for use in medical and dental applications. However, GICs exhibit poor mechanical qualities and moisture sensitivity. To improve their mechanical and physical qualities, the GIC powders have undergone extensive formulation and modification. This paper provides an overview of various fillers used to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of GICs.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the surface hardness, water sorption and staining resistance of conv... more Aim: To evaluate and compare the surface hardness, water sorption and staining resistance of conventional heat cure and nylon denture base materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 specimens, which comprises thirty from each denture base materials (Acralyn-H, DPI, Valplast and Flexident), were fabricated by investing metal specimen analogues of dimension 65x10x2.5mm strips for hardness, 50x0.5mm discs for water sorption and 20x1mm discs for staining resistance according to ADA specification no.12. The surface hardness was evaluated using Shore D Durometer. Water sorption was tested by the differences in the weight of the specimens by desiccating in calcium chloride and immersing in water for one week. The specimens were placed in a staining solution of 3% tartrazine for 7days. Staining resistance was evaluated by the optical density of the extraction solvent (ethanol) using spectrophotometer. Results: Heat cure acrylic denture base materials demonstrated more surface hardnes...
Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Mar 31, 2023
AIM: The study aimed to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of the three diffe... more AIM: The study aimed to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of the three different retreatment file systems using cone-beam computed tomography imaging (CBCT). Methodology: Thirty three single-rooted, mandibular premolars were prepared up to ProTaper Gold size F2. Post intrumentation CBCT imaging was taken for all the samples. Obturation is done. The samples were randomly assigned to three different retreatment groups (n = 11), Group I: Pro Taper Universal retreatment kit, Group II: Mtwo R, and Group III: Xp endoshaper. Retreatment was done for all the samples using respective file systems followed by a Post-retreatment CBCT imaging. The two scans were compared both bucco-lingually and mesiodistally to determine canal transportation and centering ability at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex using DICOM Software. The results obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using One way Anova and Post hoc tukey test. Results: The mean canal transportation was least for Xp endoshaper (Group III). A Significant difference in canal transportation and centering ability was not observed at all three levels from the apex. Conclusion: Under in-vitro conditions, all three file systems have shown similar efficacy concerning canal transportation and centering ability. Based on mean values, canal transportation was higher for PTUR, followed by Mtwo R and Xp endo shaper in mesiodistal and buccolingual directions at 3, 6 and 9mm, and canal centering ability XP endo shaper stay centered followed by Mtwo R and PTUR in mesiodistal and buccolingual directions at 3, 6 and 9 mm.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2023
Sample size calculation: Considering the methodology and results of the study conducted by Jowkar... more Sample size calculation: Considering the methodology and results of the study conducted by Jowkar Z et al., (2019) [8]. Using G*Power 3.1.9.2 software for power analysis indicated that the authors required a total of 56 samples. The number of samples to evaluate anti-microbial property was 28, and 14 samples each to test FS and SMH. Preparation of samples: Incorporation of AgVO3 into resins in the earlier studies have shown that FS was decreased with increase in the concentration of AgVO3 nanoparticles with no change in SMH. Also, as increase in percentage of AgVO3 cause agglomeration of
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Jul 10, 2023
Background: The craniofacial morphology and its growth pattern are determined by the influence of... more Background: The craniofacial morphology and its growth pattern are determined by the influence of various environmental factors depending on the genetic background. Due to the close association of MSX 1 and SMARCAD gene on the same chromosome, it can be hypothesized that malocclusion and fingerprint pattern are related. Furthermore, it is observed that the orofacial structures originate from the same embryonic tissue as the epidermal ridges, which are the ectoderm. Thus, the simultaneous development of the epidermal ridges and the orofacial structure during this time is deciphered and reflected in the fingerprint patterns. Aim: This study aimed to analyse, compare, and correlate the fingerprint patterns of individuals with different skeletal malocclusions and growth patterns using manual and digital methods. Materials and Methods: Patients (a random sample of 544) who were undergoing orthodontic treatment and were able to give informed consent were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained prior to the start of the procedure, with due regard to ethical issues and the confidentiality of fingerprint records. The anteroposterior jaw relation was determined from the patient's lateral cephalogram with evaluation of the parameters: SNA, ANB, SNB and growth patterns are determined using the mandibular plane angle according to Steiners analysis, the nature of the growth patterns, i.e., horizontal (HGP), Average (AGP) and vertical (VGP) growth pattern. Results: Individuals with loop patterns had a frequency of skeletal class I malocclusion, Whorl patterns with skeletal class II malocclusion, and Arch patterns with skeletal class III malocclusion. Consistent with the growth patterns, the whorl pattern was seen more prominently in the horizontal growth pattern, Arch pattern in the average growth pattern, and the loop pattern in the vertical growth pattern. Conclusion: Thus, the dermatoglyphics can be used as a screening tool for early prediction of skeletal malocclusion in a younger age group.
International Journal of Dental Materials, 2023
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative treatment modality that utilizes a combination of a p... more Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative treatment modality that utilizes a combination of a photosensitizing agent, specific wavelengths of light, and molecular oxygen to selectively target and destroy abnormal cells or tissues while sparing healthy surrounding structures. This approach has gained significant attention in the medical field due to its potential to provide effective and less invasive treatment options for various conditions. The development of PDT was driven by the need for treatments that overcome the limitations of conventional modalities such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. PDT offers several benefits over these approaches, including its ability to provide targeted therapy, reduced side effects, minimal damage to healthy tissues, and versatility in treating different diseases. One of the key advantages of PDT is its selectivity. By utilizing photosensitizers that accumulate in diseased or abnormal cells, PDT can precisely target the affected tissue while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. This selectivity allows for focused treatment, reducing the potential for unnecessary harm to surrounding structures. Furthermore, PDT offers faster recovery times and potentially better cosmetic outcomes compared to surgery, as it does not require extensive incisions or removal of tissues. Additionally, the localized nature of PDT minimizes systemic toxicity and long-term complications, making it a well-tolerated treatment option. PDT has demonstrated efficacy in various medical fields, including oncology, dermatology, and ophthalmology. It has been used to treat different types of cancers, including skin, lung, oesophagal, and bladder cancer, as well as manage conditions like age-related macular degeneration and certain dermatological disorders. This article reviewed the development, mechanism, and applications of PDT in the medical field.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2023
Results: Total of 20 extracted premolars were analysed. On inter-group comparison, it was observe... more Results: Total of 20 extracted premolars were analysed. On inter-group comparison, it was observed that mean dye penetration was lowest for Group-1 (0.6±0.69) compared to Group-2 (2±0.81) and the difference observed was statistically significant (p=0.001). BF exhibited a lower FS of 211.69±43.9 compared to Ormocer 326.19±90.3, the difference is statistically significant (p=0.001). However, BF exhibited a higher SH of 38.3±0.15 compared to Ormocer 33.70±0.86, and the difference is statistically significant (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Ormocer exhibited improved marginal integrity and also higher FS compared to BF resin restorative materials. However, BF exhibited higher SH values compared to Ormocer.
207 to continuous applications of small forces. Similarly, repetitive nature of masticatory load ... more 207 to continuous applications of small forces. Similarly, repetitive nature of masticatory load results in the propagation of cracks which weakens the denture base and finally results in the fracture. [1,5] Fracture of dentures in clinical service has been concerned, and several attempts have been made to improve flexural and impact strength of PMMA. Researches in these areas aimed to modifying the composition or reinforcing the PMMA with another stronger materials for developing a new materials with better properties. [6] Several researchers have been demonstrated that the PMMA can be showing improved physical and mechanical properties such as thermal conductivity, polymerization shrinkage, water sorption, fatigue behavior, impact strength and flexural modulus
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. eBooks, 2013
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Apr 20, 2023
Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the number of canals safely enlarged with Protaper instruments b... more Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the number of canals safely enlarged with Protaper instruments before the instrument showed initial signs of failure. Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted 100 human molar teeth with canal curvature < 200 were included in the study. Group 1(PTU SX files) (n=50): Instrumentation was done with Pro taper Universal files, Group 2 (PTG SX files) (n=50): Instrumentation was done with Pro taper gold rotary files. The total number of root canals considered for instrumentation in each group was 150. After the access opening of all teeth, canal patency was checked and the SX files of PTU were instrumented in 50 teeth, and the SX files of PTG were instrumented in another 50 teeth. The SX files were checked for any signs of failure after each use under the Dental operating microscope. The number of canals enlarged before showing the signs of failure was noted. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed with the independent t-test. Results: The difference was statistically significant with a p value of 0.006 in the number of canals enlarged by PTU SX files and PTG SX files without showing any signs of failure. The mean number of canals enlarged using PTG SX files was 10 ± 1.054 compared to PTU SX files (8.6 ± 0.966). Conclusions: PTG SX files were used in more canals than PTU SX files, before showing initial signs of failure thereby showing the more efficiency of gold files.
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Mar 22, 2023
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Jan 17, 2023
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge, attitude an... more Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge, attitude and behaviour of the population aged 16-84 years toward the presence of missing teeth and prosthodontics treatment options available for replacing those missing teeth. Study Selection: A pre-structured multiple-choice questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic questions was given to 300 patients randomly after obtaining their informed consent. The questions included in the survey helped to assess the patient's level of knowledge and awareness of the prosthodontic treatment as a whole. Results: All the age group population were aware of missing teeth in their mouth and are aware of the replacement of those missing teeth. Among subjects, with a degree qualification, 18% choice of removable, 38.5% choice was fixed partial denture, and the other 38.5 % choice was implant option. For 61.6% of the elder group, 47.6% of the middle age group, and 32.7% of the younger adults, friends and relatives were the sources of information. Conclusion: This study found that patients' understanding, and awareness of prosthodontic treatment had improved. Removable dentures were the treatment option of choice for the geriatric age group when considering prosthodontic treatment alternatives. Higher-educated individuals opted for fixed dentures and implants as treatment choices.
Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, Jun 6, 2023
Calcium hydroxide is a commonly used material in pulp capping procedures due to its favourable bi... more Calcium hydroxide is a commonly used material in pulp capping procedures due to its favourable biological properties, including the ability to promote dentin bridge formation and stimulate reparative dentinogenesis. The mechanical properties of calcium hydroxide, including its compressive strength, flexural strength, and wear resistance, are relatively low, but they are not critical properties in pulp capping procedures. However, the composition and formulation of calcium hydroxide can vary depending on the manufacturer, and this can affect the material's physical and chemical properties, as well as its handling characteristics. Despite these variations, calcium hydroxide remains a popular choice for pulp capping due to its favourable biological properties and its long-standing history of use in dental procedures.
UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
Background: Plaque build-up around fixed orthodontic appliances might lead to clinical problems. ... more Background: Plaque build-up around fixed orthodontic appliances might lead to clinical problems. Even though mouthwashes are recommended during orthodontic treatment, the magnitude of force loading and unloading in elastomeric chains is significantly affected by alcohol-containing mouthwashes. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of herbal mouthwashes on the force degradation of two orthodontic E-chains. Materials and Methods: Chlorhexidine, Hiora-K and Triphala were used in the study. Ninety pieces of closed clear E-chains with five loops each of AO and 3M companies were collected and divided into three groups (n=30) namely Chlorhexidine, Hiora-K and Triphala. Each group was divided into two sub-groups based on the E-chain brands (n=15). On day 1, the original force was recorded by stretching the E-chain up to 25mm using universal testing machine and the load was recorded in kilograms and converted to grams. The E-chains were subjected to their respective mouthwashes daily for...
International Journal of Dental Materials
Glass-ionomer dental cements (GICs) are aesthetic direct restorative materials with anticariogeni... more Glass-ionomer dental cements (GICs) are aesthetic direct restorative materials with anticariogenic activity. Glass-ionomers are composed of alumino-silicate glass powder and poly acrylic acid liquid. The significant characteristics of GICs among restorative materials are their ability to bond to moist tooth structure without any pre-treatment and to provide a prolonged period of fluoride release, which prevents subsequent tooth decay (caries). These characteristics, along with the materials' acceptable aesthetics and biocompatibility, make them popular and desirable for use in medical and dental applications. However, GICs exhibit poor mechanical qualities and moisture sensitivity. To improve their mechanical and physical qualities, the GIC powders have undergone extensive formulation and modification. This paper provides an overview of various fillers used to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of GICs.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the surface hardness, water sorption and staining resistance of conv... more Aim: To evaluate and compare the surface hardness, water sorption and staining resistance of conventional heat cure and nylon denture base materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 specimens, which comprises thirty from each denture base materials (Acralyn-H, DPI, Valplast and Flexident), were fabricated by investing metal specimen analogues of dimension 65x10x2.5mm strips for hardness, 50x0.5mm discs for water sorption and 20x1mm discs for staining resistance according to ADA specification no.12. The surface hardness was evaluated using Shore D Durometer. Water sorption was tested by the differences in the weight of the specimens by desiccating in calcium chloride and immersing in water for one week. The specimens were placed in a staining solution of 3% tartrazine for 7days. Staining resistance was evaluated by the optical density of the extraction solvent (ethanol) using spectrophotometer. Results: Heat cure acrylic denture base materials demonstrated more surface hardnes...
Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4