Harasankar Adhikari | Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India (original) (raw)
Papers by Harasankar Adhikari
Journal of Aging and Gerontology
Dementia is rapidly a growing challenge for elderly population throughout the globe. Caring for l... more Dementia is rapidly a growing challenge for elderly population throughout the globe. Caring for loved one with dementia is a burden and very much stressful for primary caregivers (family members) who are under the home care. It is a serious issue for family which is in lack economic resource. This study examines mental health and economy of a lower middle class family of slum colony of Kolkata metro city of India where has no separate shelter for elderly one and family’s financial condition is in thick and thin position. Elderly mother was about 76 years old. The family had been managing dementia for last 5 years. The study assessed that family members were depressed and their anxiety as well as depression had crossed the limit. Their mental health had been reflected in their daily life and interactional level had been worse affected. So, they were almost isolated from their neighbour. On the other hand, male of this family, only earner (daily wage labour) was unable to go outside f...
Introduction :In patriarchal society, women are victims of gender biasedness. Education and women... more Introduction :In patriarchal society, women are victims of gender biasedness. Education and women's work participation in globalized society women's status has been changed. But violence against women is rapidly increasing.           Objective :This study tried to examine whether violence is due to women's competition with men in some aspect of life?           Methods :A study conducted on the women of different ages of Kolkata Metropolis of Eastern India and informal interview and observation method were the primary source of information. Through random sampling, 100 women of different ages were selected purposively regardless of demographic identity and other personal aspects.           Result & discussion :Of these, 92% women was involved in gender competition in their daily lives with male counterpart which were restricted in their dresses, intake of alcohol, smoking stick and freedom to loiter till late night. They were shaping ...
This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any ... more This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2013 Journal of International Women’s Studies.
Journal of international women's studies, 2011
This study examines brothel-based Female Sex Workers (FSWs) after their retirement/withdrawal fro... more This study examines brothel-based Female Sex Workers (FSWs) after their retirement/withdrawal from the sex trade. 100 FSWs above 40 years of age from the Bowbazar red light area of Kolkata were selected through random sampling. A census survey methodology and participant observation was employed for the study. The study reveals that FSWs are further stigmatized and marginalized after retirement. Outside society does not allow them to re-enter. Support schemes from the government and nonprofit sector do not exist. Family relations provide little to no support. And while the FSW community can be relied upon to provide some support, housing and medical assistance prove challenging; and, nearly 1/3 of those surveyed found themselves destitute. Keywords: Female sex worker, retirement from the sex trade, paramour/husband Introduction FSWs enter the trade due to a variety of factors including poverty, broken homes, poor schooling or job training, predatory males and sexual abuse,(Adhikari,...
IntroductionThe history of Panchayati Raj institution is 1000 years old and it was the oldest Anc... more IntroductionThe history of Panchayati Raj institution is 1000 years old and it was the oldest Ancient Indian Institution because the villagers were little republics governed by their Panchayat. It was also the male dominated institution because due to a patriarchal set up women were not got priority to participate in the said institution. Even during British rule as viewed that they were premature to take part and it was the politics of male (Bhagat 2005). At last after a long period of India's Independence it was realized and statutory rules was come into force in 1993 after 73rd Amendment of the Panchayat Raj Institution Act, 1959(Nanda 2006). The participation of women through reservation was introduced after considering them as disadvantaged group required a solution to their discrimination (Gowda 1998). It was evident that the women were victimized by the patriarchal politics. Only education and employment for the women were not enough good for their equal rights and justic...
Journal of international women's studies, 2013
Educational development and participation in the workforce are prime factors in the changing situ... more Educational development and participation in the workforce are prime factors in the changing situations of women in society. The movement towards equality and justice for women is gradually captivating Indian society as a human development indicator. To examine the views of women on independence vis-a-vis freedom as instruments to achieve equality and justice, 50 girls age between 16 to 26 years were selected purposively adopting a stratified simple random sampling. They were from different socio-economic background living in both rural and urban areas. They were studying in different levels from high school to university. The study has explored their views on their freedom and independence in respect to their romantic relation, marriage, marriage partner and marital relation, family relation, mothering and economic relation. The findings show that the majority of these girls were against male domination but still seek the attachment to males as essential in their lives. They foster...
Journal of Gender and Power, 2019
Gender differences are social ideals that develop within the matrix of compulsory heterosexuality... more Gender differences are social ideals that develop within the matrix of compulsory heterosexuality. Gender differences in Indian society are deeply rooted. The movement and action for women’s equity and justice are also miss-rooted. It pushes women into to more danger. Therefore, achievement of women’s equity and justice in Indian society is far away. This paper focuses this argument and shows that matrix of gender education and gender practices should be changed and it should not be free from sexual lens. Otherwise, gender equity is far away or never be achieved to make gender balance in our society.
The psychology is a branch of social sciences dealing with mental health of human being particula... more The psychology is a branch of social sciences dealing with mental health of human being particular when they are in some crises aiming to re-establish the power and potentialities of individual. The positive psychology, an emerging branch of psychology has been taken initiative to help the individual become more happier. The basic instrument of this is to revitalize the individual self-energy and self-confidence. The Bhagavad Gita is a testament of guidelines for positive psychology. Lord Sri Krishna has been explained how to regenerate the will power of people through his everyday work and work culture. The present paper has been discussed the importance of Gita in dealing with branch of positive psychology. It would be surely a helpful guideline to save the human being from conflict and crises of present day globalized world.
Objective: Psychosocial development of children depends on proper social, economical, cultural, a... more Objective: Psychosocial development of children depends on proper social, economical, cultural, and political environment. Improper environment abuses their future. The study examined children’s traumatic experience as silent spectators and how their trauma was affecting their development as a positive social product. Methods: Mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) were used to collect data from 25 children in trauma and their family members through individual interaction with the affected children and the group interaction in school and play session recording to their density of trauma. Results: The children were severe trauma, and confrontation of political conflict was a nightmare. Lack of proper measures for their recovery was absent. Conclusion: Rapid counseling and guidance require for their overall psychosocial development.
This short communication tried to compare today’s childhood with “APU”, childhood during colonial... more This short communication tried to compare today’s childhood with “APU”, childhood during colonial rule of India. Familial and societal changes are the prime cause of changing childhood and it may be considered as an effect of globalisation. Parenting and single child politics are the cause violent and deviant childhood. So, up-bringing process of child should not depend on materials.
Now a day the mothers are not only restricted their involvement on domestic chores, procreation o... more Now a day the mothers are not only restricted their involvement on domestic chores, procreation of children and their nurturing with family care and attention. A significant number of mothers are working and they are maintaining their dual of as employee and household keeper with financial assistance to their families. The working mothers are mostly in anxiety and depression regarding their method of child care as they are absentees for a long time. The present study had been conducted to find out the differences in degree of felt depression and anxiety pattern of working and non-working mothers. A total of 60 mothers (30 working mothers , 30 nonworking mothers) were studied. The result showed that there were significant differences in degree of depression and both anxiety of working mothers’ group. But no significant difference was noticed in case of anxiety and depression pattern of non-working mothers’ group.
Historically, prostitution, an age-old and stigmatised profession, has sucked the female of diffe... more Historically, prostitution, an age-old and stigmatised profession, has sucked the female of different ages due to diversified reasons where the poor economy is the main factor. But in all cases the male's deceived role has taken the significant role for their situation and it is well known to almost every body to the society. So, the male is the cause of the entrance of females in the trade. They are also serving the sexual needs of the males. The males are closely attached with the females in many ways through out the life of a sex worker. This situation has been described in the paper to specify the relation of male with a female sex worker. Introduction The primordial division between the sexes in all societies is clothed in cultural values that normalise the relationship of the sexual/genetic reproduction by social reproduction. The complimentarity or inequality of gender relationship is culture specific. But the subordination of women by men for sexual exploitation arose at...
Introduction : In patriarchal society, women are victims of gender biasedness. Education and wome... more Introduction : In patriarchal society, women are victims of gender biasedness. Education and women’s work participation in globalized society women’s status has been changed. But violence against women is rapidly increasing. Objective : This study tried to examine whether violence is due to women’s competition with men in some aspect of life? Methods : A study conducted on the women of different ages of Kolkata Metropolis of Eastern India and informal interview and observation method were the primary source of information. Through random sampling, 100 women of different ages were selected purposively regardless of demographic identity and other personal aspects. Result & discussion : Of these, 92% women was involved in gender competition in their daily lives with male counterpart which were restricted in their dresses, intake of alcohol, smoking stick and freedom to loiter till late night. They were shaping them as commodity and media had a role for this. Conclusion : There is need...
Journal of international women's studies, 2013
This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any ... more This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2013 Journal of International Women's Studies.
Journal of international women's studies, 2014
The present paper examines the household economies of male industrial workers of India after thei... more The present paper examines the household economies of male industrial workers of India after their sudden retrenchment. They had been victims of a defective industrial policy, and they did not get compensation as per the recruitment policy of the Government of India. As they were ill-prepared for retrenchment, they have struggled over extended periods. In a desperate attempt at household survival, their wives chose the sex trade. These women used a brothel in Kolkata to ply the sex trade as floating sex workers. They operated in a clandestine manner as the brothel was restricted to daytime use. They used their earnings to manage their households while their husbands were still unemployed. Thus, in an era of women’s empowerment, women appeared to have no employment alternatives during crisis periods. As a result, the relationship between women and household management during a household’s economic crisis has emerged as a new theme in the discourse on future socio-economic relations a...
This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any ... more This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2013 Journal of International Women's Studies.
Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), p... more Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Global Journal of HUMAN SOCIAL SCIENCE Sociology, Economics & Political Science Volume 12 Issue 12 Version 1.0 Year 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X
A human life must be divided into two partsforenoon and afternoon. At the forenoon part (upto 40 ... more A human life must be divided into two partsforenoon and afternoon. At the forenoon part (upto 40 years of age), everybody is busy for so many programmes, i.e., education, money making, family and so forth. All the schools and institutions are for this early part of life. But there is no school/college for above forty years old which would prepare the second half of life or afternoon life and it’s need as the ordinary schools/colleges introduce our young people to knowledge of the world [1].
Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Research, 2016
Journal of Aging and Gerontology
Dementia is rapidly a growing challenge for elderly population throughout the globe. Caring for l... more Dementia is rapidly a growing challenge for elderly population throughout the globe. Caring for loved one with dementia is a burden and very much stressful for primary caregivers (family members) who are under the home care. It is a serious issue for family which is in lack economic resource. This study examines mental health and economy of a lower middle class family of slum colony of Kolkata metro city of India where has no separate shelter for elderly one and family’s financial condition is in thick and thin position. Elderly mother was about 76 years old. The family had been managing dementia for last 5 years. The study assessed that family members were depressed and their anxiety as well as depression had crossed the limit. Their mental health had been reflected in their daily life and interactional level had been worse affected. So, they were almost isolated from their neighbour. On the other hand, male of this family, only earner (daily wage labour) was unable to go outside f...
Introduction :In patriarchal society, women are victims of gender biasedness. Education and women... more Introduction :In patriarchal society, women are victims of gender biasedness. Education and women's work participation in globalized society women's status has been changed. But violence against women is rapidly increasing.           Objective :This study tried to examine whether violence is due to women's competition with men in some aspect of life?           Methods :A study conducted on the women of different ages of Kolkata Metropolis of Eastern India and informal interview and observation method were the primary source of information. Through random sampling, 100 women of different ages were selected purposively regardless of demographic identity and other personal aspects.           Result & discussion :Of these, 92% women was involved in gender competition in their daily lives with male counterpart which were restricted in their dresses, intake of alcohol, smoking stick and freedom to loiter till late night. They were shaping ...
This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any ... more This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2013 Journal of International Women’s Studies.
Journal of international women's studies, 2011
This study examines brothel-based Female Sex Workers (FSWs) after their retirement/withdrawal fro... more This study examines brothel-based Female Sex Workers (FSWs) after their retirement/withdrawal from the sex trade. 100 FSWs above 40 years of age from the Bowbazar red light area of Kolkata were selected through random sampling. A census survey methodology and participant observation was employed for the study. The study reveals that FSWs are further stigmatized and marginalized after retirement. Outside society does not allow them to re-enter. Support schemes from the government and nonprofit sector do not exist. Family relations provide little to no support. And while the FSW community can be relied upon to provide some support, housing and medical assistance prove challenging; and, nearly 1/3 of those surveyed found themselves destitute. Keywords: Female sex worker, retirement from the sex trade, paramour/husband Introduction FSWs enter the trade due to a variety of factors including poverty, broken homes, poor schooling or job training, predatory males and sexual abuse,(Adhikari,...
IntroductionThe history of Panchayati Raj institution is 1000 years old and it was the oldest Anc... more IntroductionThe history of Panchayati Raj institution is 1000 years old and it was the oldest Ancient Indian Institution because the villagers were little republics governed by their Panchayat. It was also the male dominated institution because due to a patriarchal set up women were not got priority to participate in the said institution. Even during British rule as viewed that they were premature to take part and it was the politics of male (Bhagat 2005). At last after a long period of India's Independence it was realized and statutory rules was come into force in 1993 after 73rd Amendment of the Panchayat Raj Institution Act, 1959(Nanda 2006). The participation of women through reservation was introduced after considering them as disadvantaged group required a solution to their discrimination (Gowda 1998). It was evident that the women were victimized by the patriarchal politics. Only education and employment for the women were not enough good for their equal rights and justic...
Journal of international women's studies, 2013
Educational development and participation in the workforce are prime factors in the changing situ... more Educational development and participation in the workforce are prime factors in the changing situations of women in society. The movement towards equality and justice for women is gradually captivating Indian society as a human development indicator. To examine the views of women on independence vis-a-vis freedom as instruments to achieve equality and justice, 50 girls age between 16 to 26 years were selected purposively adopting a stratified simple random sampling. They were from different socio-economic background living in both rural and urban areas. They were studying in different levels from high school to university. The study has explored their views on their freedom and independence in respect to their romantic relation, marriage, marriage partner and marital relation, family relation, mothering and economic relation. The findings show that the majority of these girls were against male domination but still seek the attachment to males as essential in their lives. They foster...
Journal of Gender and Power, 2019
Gender differences are social ideals that develop within the matrix of compulsory heterosexuality... more Gender differences are social ideals that develop within the matrix of compulsory heterosexuality. Gender differences in Indian society are deeply rooted. The movement and action for women’s equity and justice are also miss-rooted. It pushes women into to more danger. Therefore, achievement of women’s equity and justice in Indian society is far away. This paper focuses this argument and shows that matrix of gender education and gender practices should be changed and it should not be free from sexual lens. Otherwise, gender equity is far away or never be achieved to make gender balance in our society.
The psychology is a branch of social sciences dealing with mental health of human being particula... more The psychology is a branch of social sciences dealing with mental health of human being particular when they are in some crises aiming to re-establish the power and potentialities of individual. The positive psychology, an emerging branch of psychology has been taken initiative to help the individual become more happier. The basic instrument of this is to revitalize the individual self-energy and self-confidence. The Bhagavad Gita is a testament of guidelines for positive psychology. Lord Sri Krishna has been explained how to regenerate the will power of people through his everyday work and work culture. The present paper has been discussed the importance of Gita in dealing with branch of positive psychology. It would be surely a helpful guideline to save the human being from conflict and crises of present day globalized world.
Objective: Psychosocial development of children depends on proper social, economical, cultural, a... more Objective: Psychosocial development of children depends on proper social, economical, cultural, and political environment. Improper environment abuses their future. The study examined children’s traumatic experience as silent spectators and how their trauma was affecting their development as a positive social product. Methods: Mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) were used to collect data from 25 children in trauma and their family members through individual interaction with the affected children and the group interaction in school and play session recording to their density of trauma. Results: The children were severe trauma, and confrontation of political conflict was a nightmare. Lack of proper measures for their recovery was absent. Conclusion: Rapid counseling and guidance require for their overall psychosocial development.
This short communication tried to compare today’s childhood with “APU”, childhood during colonial... more This short communication tried to compare today’s childhood with “APU”, childhood during colonial rule of India. Familial and societal changes are the prime cause of changing childhood and it may be considered as an effect of globalisation. Parenting and single child politics are the cause violent and deviant childhood. So, up-bringing process of child should not depend on materials.
Now a day the mothers are not only restricted their involvement on domestic chores, procreation o... more Now a day the mothers are not only restricted their involvement on domestic chores, procreation of children and their nurturing with family care and attention. A significant number of mothers are working and they are maintaining their dual of as employee and household keeper with financial assistance to their families. The working mothers are mostly in anxiety and depression regarding their method of child care as they are absentees for a long time. The present study had been conducted to find out the differences in degree of felt depression and anxiety pattern of working and non-working mothers. A total of 60 mothers (30 working mothers , 30 nonworking mothers) were studied. The result showed that there were significant differences in degree of depression and both anxiety of working mothers’ group. But no significant difference was noticed in case of anxiety and depression pattern of non-working mothers’ group.
Historically, prostitution, an age-old and stigmatised profession, has sucked the female of diffe... more Historically, prostitution, an age-old and stigmatised profession, has sucked the female of different ages due to diversified reasons where the poor economy is the main factor. But in all cases the male's deceived role has taken the significant role for their situation and it is well known to almost every body to the society. So, the male is the cause of the entrance of females in the trade. They are also serving the sexual needs of the males. The males are closely attached with the females in many ways through out the life of a sex worker. This situation has been described in the paper to specify the relation of male with a female sex worker. Introduction The primordial division between the sexes in all societies is clothed in cultural values that normalise the relationship of the sexual/genetic reproduction by social reproduction. The complimentarity or inequality of gender relationship is culture specific. But the subordination of women by men for sexual exploitation arose at...
Introduction : In patriarchal society, women are victims of gender biasedness. Education and wome... more Introduction : In patriarchal society, women are victims of gender biasedness. Education and women’s work participation in globalized society women’s status has been changed. But violence against women is rapidly increasing. Objective : This study tried to examine whether violence is due to women’s competition with men in some aspect of life? Methods : A study conducted on the women of different ages of Kolkata Metropolis of Eastern India and informal interview and observation method were the primary source of information. Through random sampling, 100 women of different ages were selected purposively regardless of demographic identity and other personal aspects. Result & discussion : Of these, 92% women was involved in gender competition in their daily lives with male counterpart which were restricted in their dresses, intake of alcohol, smoking stick and freedom to loiter till late night. They were shaping them as commodity and media had a role for this. Conclusion : There is need...
Journal of international women's studies, 2013
This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any ... more This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2013 Journal of International Women's Studies.
Journal of international women's studies, 2014
The present paper examines the household economies of male industrial workers of India after thei... more The present paper examines the household economies of male industrial workers of India after their sudden retrenchment. They had been victims of a defective industrial policy, and they did not get compensation as per the recruitment policy of the Government of India. As they were ill-prepared for retrenchment, they have struggled over extended periods. In a desperate attempt at household survival, their wives chose the sex trade. These women used a brothel in Kolkata to ply the sex trade as floating sex workers. They operated in a clandestine manner as the brothel was restricted to daytime use. They used their earnings to manage their households while their husbands were still unemployed. Thus, in an era of women’s empowerment, women appeared to have no employment alternatives during crisis periods. As a result, the relationship between women and household management during a household’s economic crisis has emerged as a new theme in the discourse on future socio-economic relations a...
This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any ... more This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2013 Journal of International Women's Studies.
Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), p... more Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Global Journal of HUMAN SOCIAL SCIENCE Sociology, Economics & Political Science Volume 12 Issue 12 Version 1.0 Year 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X
A human life must be divided into two partsforenoon and afternoon. At the forenoon part (upto 40 ... more A human life must be divided into two partsforenoon and afternoon. At the forenoon part (upto 40 years of age), everybody is busy for so many programmes, i.e., education, money making, family and so forth. All the schools and institutions are for this early part of life. But there is no school/college for above forty years old which would prepare the second half of life or afternoon life and it’s need as the ordinary schools/colleges introduce our young people to knowledge of the world [1].
Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Research, 2016