Dr. K.M Akkoli | Visvesvaraya Technological University (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. K.M Akkoli
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop ha... more Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned. The agriculture residues are abundantly available in the tropical country India. The assessment of agriculture residues is required to develop a suitable energy conversion technology. This paper deals with the discussion of different methods to assess agriculture residues. The methods used for the assessment of the agriculture residues are direct survey at source, direct survey at consumption, using grain production correlation, crop plantation area correlation and GIS. The survey method gives the better result but it is expensive and time consuming. The grain production correlation is the better method for assessment of the agriculture residues.
The influence of a pair of delta wing vortex generators on the hydraulic performance has been exp... more The influence of a pair of delta wing vortex generators on the hydraulic performance has been experimentally studied. Pair of vortex generators is glued on the surface of rectangular duct the geometrical parameters of the vortex generator are varied systematically and effect of different size and shape of the vortex generators on the friction factor has been studied. The values of friction factors are noted down for different flow rates, Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter being varied from 8000-24000. Friction factors are reported for 0.1 e/Dh 0.5, 4 p/e 16, in rectangular duct having aspect ratio AR = 0.5.The values 1 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 120 No. 6 2018, 925-933 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2021
Abstract The improvement in performance has been observed by changing the injector nozzle's g... more Abstract The improvement in performance has been observed by changing the injector nozzle's geometry of the dual-fuel liquid–gas engine. The combined effect of injector parameters and producer gas (PG) derived from the redgram stalk on the performance and emission characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel/Honge Oil Methyl Ester (HOME)-PG operated CI engine has been studied. The injector nozzles with 4, 5, and 6 holes (diameter of 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mm) were analyzed. Diesel-PG operation with 4 holes, 0.25 mm diameter nozzle and HOME-PG operation with 6 holes, 0.25 mm diameter nozzle resulted in better performance and lower emissions. Diesel-PG operation has 4.5% higher BTE (brake thermal efficiency) with a 4 hole nozzle and 0.7% higher for a 0.25 mm diameter 6 holes nozzle than HOME-PG operation. The HOME-PG operation results showed that the with an injection opening pressure of 240 bar, 6-hole nozzle, and a diameter of 0.25 mm have an improved BTE of 5.8% with emission levels 15–30% lower than those of other geometries.
Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2021
Abstract The improvement in performance has been observed by changing the injector nozzle's g... more Abstract The improvement in performance has been observed by changing the injector nozzle's geometry of the dual-fuel liquid–gas engine. The combined effect of injector parameters and producer gas (PG) derived from the redgram stalk on the performance and emission characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel/Honge Oil Methyl Ester (HOME)-PG operated CI engine has been studied. The injector nozzles with 4, 5, and 6 holes (diameter of 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mm) were analyzed. Diesel-PG operation with 4 holes, 0.25 mm diameter nozzle and HOME-PG operation with 6 holes, 0.25 mm diameter nozzle resulted in better performance and lower emissions. Diesel-PG operation has 4.5% higher BTE (brake thermal efficiency) with a 4 hole nozzle and 0.7% higher for a 0.25 mm diameter 6 holes nozzle than HOME-PG operation. The HOME-PG operation results showed that the with an injection opening pressure of 240 bar, 6-hole nozzle, and a diameter of 0.25 mm have an improved BTE of 5.8% with emission levels 15–30% lower than those of other geometries.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018
International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2019
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017
Abstract This research is motivated for making the rural areas of developing countries self-relia... more Abstract This research is motivated for making the rural areas of developing countries self-reliant in energy production. Rural areas are endowed with enormous amount of vegetation that is used to produce edible and non-edible vegetable oil. In the present study thumba oil which is non-edible vegetable oil, having high viscosity and low volatility has been used as a fuel in CI engine. Viscosity of thumba oil is reduced by blending with diesel fuel along with preheating through waste heat of engine’s exhaust gases instead of transesterification, that requires chemicals and process heat, which is not available in rural area due to logistic problem. Experiment has been conducted with a single cylinder diesel engine to obtain performance and emission characteristics with various blend ratio of heated and unheated thumba oil with diesel. It has been observed that preheated thumba oil B-20 blend (20% thumba oil + 80% diesel) gives better performance and less emission as compared to all other blending combinations among all preheated and unheated thumba oil and diesel. Preheating of optimized thumba blend results an improvement in break thermal efficiency by 1.27%. It also gives reduced smoke opacity, CO, HC emissions by 2.6%, 0.2%, and 5 PPM respectively.
Energies
The present experimental examination was carried out to suggest a better fuel blend with an optim... more The present experimental examination was carried out to suggest a better fuel blend with an optimised dosage level of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3)—in a mixture of Fish Oil Methyl Ester (FOME) biodiesel and diesel—and injection pressure, wherein enhanced performance and reduced emissions were obtained via a diesel engine. The aluminium nanoparticles were added to the mixture in 5 mg/l steps through varying concentrations from 5 to 20 mg/L. The experimental results showed that engine performance quietly reduces with increased emission characteristics with the addition of raw FOME biodiesel compared to diesel. Furthermore, the addition of aluminium nanoparticles (Al2O3) improved the performance as well as the emission characteristics of the engine. Among all the test blends, the B40D60A20 blend provided a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 30.7%, which is 15.63% superior to raw FOME and 3.90% inferior to diesel fuel. The blend also showed reduced emissions, for instance, a reduction ...
An analysis of the experimental characterization of the three agricultural residues redgram stalk... more An analysis of the experimental characterization of the three agricultural residues redgram stalk, soyabean stalk, and chilli stalk (biomass) was carried out and the higher heating values (HHV) were determined using the available correlations from the literature. The selected agricultural residues proximate analysis results show moisture about 4.2 to 7.4%, the volatile matter about 79.3 to 85.8%, fixed carbon about 4 to 8.94%, and ash about 2.5 to 5.5%. The ultimate analysis results present elemental compositions such as carbon about 46 to 49%, hydrogen about 5%, oxygen about 30%, and the nitrogen about 3.1 to 3.7% with very low sulfur content. The HHV of agricultural residues varies from 14MJ kg-1 to 19MJ kg-1. The design of the downdraft gasifier to accommodate agricultural residues was carried out taking into account the characteristics of the agricultural residues and the specifications of the internal combustion (IC) engine. The characteristics of the agricultural residues depi...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
the with an injection opening pressure of 240 bar, 6-hole nozzle, and a diameter of 0.25 mm have ... more the with an injection opening pressure of 240 bar, 6-hole nozzle, and a diameter of 0.25 mm have an improved BTE of 5.8% with emission levels 15-30% lower than those of other geometries.
International Journal for Scientific Research and Development, 2015
The extraction of energy from the biomass wastes by its anaerobic degradation with the help of va... more The extraction of energy from the biomass wastes by its anaerobic degradation with the help of various technologies adopted and will be leading to the use of renewable energy systems effectively and efficiently. In this contest one of the best methods to extract the energy from the biological wastes which includes, Kitchen wastes, Agricultural wastes; Animal wastes etc…are the installation and generation of biogas plant. The biogas released acts as an environmentally sustainable energy source. In our Institute we have two hostels and all are having their own individual mess. The each hostel having about 350 students where daily about 30 kg of kitchen waste is obtained which can be utilized for better purposes. This work is to create an organic processing facility to generate biogas which will be more cost effective, eco-friendly, reduce landfill waste, generate a quality renewable fuel and reduce carbon dioxide and methane emissions. Overall by constructing the biogas reactors in ca...
The performance and emission characteristics of liquid fuelproducer gas operated dual fuel engine... more The performance and emission characteristics of liquid fuelproducer gas operated dual fuel engine depend on the quality of PG as tar content and temperature. In the present work cooling cleaning system has been used with the gasifierengine system to reduce the tar content and cool the producer gas before inducting into the combustion chamber of the CI engine. The experiments were conducted on 5.2 kW, DI, 4 stroke, CI engine operated at 1500 rpm. It has been observed, improved performance and reduced emission levels for the CI engine dual-fuel operation with the use of cooling cleaning system. Experimental results showed that the temperature of the PG after the cooling cleaning system was reduced to 31C34C which is a requirement for the CI engine operation for the diesel/HOME-PG dual-fuel engine operation and tar content of PG was reduced from 320mg/Nm to about 55mg/Nm entering to the engine. Also, the emission levels were reduced, such as smoke 7%-8.5% compared to the wet filter pro...
Energies
The engine performance has been improved by modifying the combustion chamber shape of the diesel ... more The engine performance has been improved by modifying the combustion chamber shape of the diesel engine for dual-fuel operation with liquid fuel and producer gas (PG). The combined effect of gaseous fuel from redgram stalk and combustion chamber type on the emission and performance of blended-fuel of diesel and HOME biodiesel–PG has been investigated. In this experimental study, four varieties of combustion chambers hemispherical (HCC), low swirl (LSCC), dual swirl (DSCC), and toroidal re-entrant (TRCC) were analyzed comprehensively. The results presented that the TRCC configuration with a given nozzle geometry has 9% improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and 10.4% lower exhaust gas temperature (EGT). The smoke, unburnt hydrocarbon (UBHC), and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased by 10–40%, but a 9% increase in nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission levels was observed with TRCC. The delay period and combustion period were decreased by 5% and 7%. The fuel replacement of about 71% for the diesel...
The development and use of an optimum biomass energy conversion process requires details of chara... more The development and use of an optimum biomass energy conversion process requires details of characteristics and composition. Agricultural residues are the potential and valuable energy sources need a development of proper conversion process to use for the different applications. This paper deals with the discussion on different agricultural residue conversion processes and the different methods of characterization of agricultural residues. The main agricultural residue conversion processes are thermochemical and biochemical. These are again having the sub processes based on type of residue and end product requirement. The characterization methods are the thermogravimetric analysis/differential temperature analysis (TGA/DTA), elemental analysis (CHNS-O), Fourier transform infrared ray analysis (FTIR), near infrared ray analysis (NIR), X ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. It has been observed that the TGA/DTA and elemental analysis are important for choosing biomass energy conversion process. The pyrolysis is having the highest conversion efficiency and gasification and fermentation are moderate.
Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop ha... more Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned. The agriculture residues are abundantly available in the tropical country India. The assessment of agriculture residues is required to develop a suitable energy conversion technology. This paper deals with the discussion of different methods to assess agriculture residues. The methods used for the assessment of the agriculture residues are direct survey at source, direct survey at consumption, using grain production correlation, crop plantation area correlation and GIS. The survey method gives the better result but it is expensive and time consuming. The grain production correlation is the better method for assessment of the agriculture residues.
Vol.1, Iss.7 by Dr. K.M Akkoli
Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop ha... more Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned. The agriculture residues are abundantly available in the tropical country India. The assessment of agriculture residues is required to develop a suitable energy conversion technology. This paper deals with the discussion of different methods to assess agriculture residues. The methods used for the assessment of the agriculture residues are direct survey at source, direct survey at consumption, using grain production correlation, crop plantation area correlation and GIS. The survey method gives the better result but it is expensive and time consuming. The grain production correlation is the better method for assessment of the agriculture residues.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop ha... more Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned. The agriculture residues are abundantly available in the tropical country India. The assessment of agriculture residues is required to develop a suitable energy conversion technology. This paper deals with the discussion of different methods to assess agriculture residues. The methods used for the assessment of the agriculture residues are direct survey at source, direct survey at consumption, using grain production correlation, crop plantation area correlation and GIS. The survey method gives the better result but it is expensive and time consuming. The grain production correlation is the better method for assessment of the agriculture residues.
The influence of a pair of delta wing vortex generators on the hydraulic performance has been exp... more The influence of a pair of delta wing vortex generators on the hydraulic performance has been experimentally studied. Pair of vortex generators is glued on the surface of rectangular duct the geometrical parameters of the vortex generator are varied systematically and effect of different size and shape of the vortex generators on the friction factor has been studied. The values of friction factors are noted down for different flow rates, Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter being varied from 8000-24000. Friction factors are reported for 0.1 e/Dh 0.5, 4 p/e 16, in rectangular duct having aspect ratio AR = 0.5.The values 1 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 120 No. 6 2018, 925-933 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2021
Abstract The improvement in performance has been observed by changing the injector nozzle's g... more Abstract The improvement in performance has been observed by changing the injector nozzle's geometry of the dual-fuel liquid–gas engine. The combined effect of injector parameters and producer gas (PG) derived from the redgram stalk on the performance and emission characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel/Honge Oil Methyl Ester (HOME)-PG operated CI engine has been studied. The injector nozzles with 4, 5, and 6 holes (diameter of 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mm) were analyzed. Diesel-PG operation with 4 holes, 0.25 mm diameter nozzle and HOME-PG operation with 6 holes, 0.25 mm diameter nozzle resulted in better performance and lower emissions. Diesel-PG operation has 4.5% higher BTE (brake thermal efficiency) with a 4 hole nozzle and 0.7% higher for a 0.25 mm diameter 6 holes nozzle than HOME-PG operation. The HOME-PG operation results showed that the with an injection opening pressure of 240 bar, 6-hole nozzle, and a diameter of 0.25 mm have an improved BTE of 5.8% with emission levels 15–30% lower than those of other geometries.
Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2021
Abstract The improvement in performance has been observed by changing the injector nozzle's g... more Abstract The improvement in performance has been observed by changing the injector nozzle's geometry of the dual-fuel liquid–gas engine. The combined effect of injector parameters and producer gas (PG) derived from the redgram stalk on the performance and emission characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel/Honge Oil Methyl Ester (HOME)-PG operated CI engine has been studied. The injector nozzles with 4, 5, and 6 holes (diameter of 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mm) were analyzed. Diesel-PG operation with 4 holes, 0.25 mm diameter nozzle and HOME-PG operation with 6 holes, 0.25 mm diameter nozzle resulted in better performance and lower emissions. Diesel-PG operation has 4.5% higher BTE (brake thermal efficiency) with a 4 hole nozzle and 0.7% higher for a 0.25 mm diameter 6 holes nozzle than HOME-PG operation. The HOME-PG operation results showed that the with an injection opening pressure of 240 bar, 6-hole nozzle, and a diameter of 0.25 mm have an improved BTE of 5.8% with emission levels 15–30% lower than those of other geometries.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018
International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2019
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017
Abstract This research is motivated for making the rural areas of developing countries self-relia... more Abstract This research is motivated for making the rural areas of developing countries self-reliant in energy production. Rural areas are endowed with enormous amount of vegetation that is used to produce edible and non-edible vegetable oil. In the present study thumba oil which is non-edible vegetable oil, having high viscosity and low volatility has been used as a fuel in CI engine. Viscosity of thumba oil is reduced by blending with diesel fuel along with preheating through waste heat of engine’s exhaust gases instead of transesterification, that requires chemicals and process heat, which is not available in rural area due to logistic problem. Experiment has been conducted with a single cylinder diesel engine to obtain performance and emission characteristics with various blend ratio of heated and unheated thumba oil with diesel. It has been observed that preheated thumba oil B-20 blend (20% thumba oil + 80% diesel) gives better performance and less emission as compared to all other blending combinations among all preheated and unheated thumba oil and diesel. Preheating of optimized thumba blend results an improvement in break thermal efficiency by 1.27%. It also gives reduced smoke opacity, CO, HC emissions by 2.6%, 0.2%, and 5 PPM respectively.
Energies
The present experimental examination was carried out to suggest a better fuel blend with an optim... more The present experimental examination was carried out to suggest a better fuel blend with an optimised dosage level of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3)—in a mixture of Fish Oil Methyl Ester (FOME) biodiesel and diesel—and injection pressure, wherein enhanced performance and reduced emissions were obtained via a diesel engine. The aluminium nanoparticles were added to the mixture in 5 mg/l steps through varying concentrations from 5 to 20 mg/L. The experimental results showed that engine performance quietly reduces with increased emission characteristics with the addition of raw FOME biodiesel compared to diesel. Furthermore, the addition of aluminium nanoparticles (Al2O3) improved the performance as well as the emission characteristics of the engine. Among all the test blends, the B40D60A20 blend provided a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 30.7%, which is 15.63% superior to raw FOME and 3.90% inferior to diesel fuel. The blend also showed reduced emissions, for instance, a reduction ...
An analysis of the experimental characterization of the three agricultural residues redgram stalk... more An analysis of the experimental characterization of the three agricultural residues redgram stalk, soyabean stalk, and chilli stalk (biomass) was carried out and the higher heating values (HHV) were determined using the available correlations from the literature. The selected agricultural residues proximate analysis results show moisture about 4.2 to 7.4%, the volatile matter about 79.3 to 85.8%, fixed carbon about 4 to 8.94%, and ash about 2.5 to 5.5%. The ultimate analysis results present elemental compositions such as carbon about 46 to 49%, hydrogen about 5%, oxygen about 30%, and the nitrogen about 3.1 to 3.7% with very low sulfur content. The HHV of agricultural residues varies from 14MJ kg-1 to 19MJ kg-1. The design of the downdraft gasifier to accommodate agricultural residues was carried out taking into account the characteristics of the agricultural residues and the specifications of the internal combustion (IC) engine. The characteristics of the agricultural residues depi...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
the with an injection opening pressure of 240 bar, 6-hole nozzle, and a diameter of 0.25 mm have ... more the with an injection opening pressure of 240 bar, 6-hole nozzle, and a diameter of 0.25 mm have an improved BTE of 5.8% with emission levels 15-30% lower than those of other geometries.
International Journal for Scientific Research and Development, 2015
The extraction of energy from the biomass wastes by its anaerobic degradation with the help of va... more The extraction of energy from the biomass wastes by its anaerobic degradation with the help of various technologies adopted and will be leading to the use of renewable energy systems effectively and efficiently. In this contest one of the best methods to extract the energy from the biological wastes which includes, Kitchen wastes, Agricultural wastes; Animal wastes etc…are the installation and generation of biogas plant. The biogas released acts as an environmentally sustainable energy source. In our Institute we have two hostels and all are having their own individual mess. The each hostel having about 350 students where daily about 30 kg of kitchen waste is obtained which can be utilized for better purposes. This work is to create an organic processing facility to generate biogas which will be more cost effective, eco-friendly, reduce landfill waste, generate a quality renewable fuel and reduce carbon dioxide and methane emissions. Overall by constructing the biogas reactors in ca...
The performance and emission characteristics of liquid fuelproducer gas operated dual fuel engine... more The performance and emission characteristics of liquid fuelproducer gas operated dual fuel engine depend on the quality of PG as tar content and temperature. In the present work cooling cleaning system has been used with the gasifierengine system to reduce the tar content and cool the producer gas before inducting into the combustion chamber of the CI engine. The experiments were conducted on 5.2 kW, DI, 4 stroke, CI engine operated at 1500 rpm. It has been observed, improved performance and reduced emission levels for the CI engine dual-fuel operation with the use of cooling cleaning system. Experimental results showed that the temperature of the PG after the cooling cleaning system was reduced to 31C34C which is a requirement for the CI engine operation for the diesel/HOME-PG dual-fuel engine operation and tar content of PG was reduced from 320mg/Nm to about 55mg/Nm entering to the engine. Also, the emission levels were reduced, such as smoke 7%-8.5% compared to the wet filter pro...
Energies
The engine performance has been improved by modifying the combustion chamber shape of the diesel ... more The engine performance has been improved by modifying the combustion chamber shape of the diesel engine for dual-fuel operation with liquid fuel and producer gas (PG). The combined effect of gaseous fuel from redgram stalk and combustion chamber type on the emission and performance of blended-fuel of diesel and HOME biodiesel–PG has been investigated. In this experimental study, four varieties of combustion chambers hemispherical (HCC), low swirl (LSCC), dual swirl (DSCC), and toroidal re-entrant (TRCC) were analyzed comprehensively. The results presented that the TRCC configuration with a given nozzle geometry has 9% improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and 10.4% lower exhaust gas temperature (EGT). The smoke, unburnt hydrocarbon (UBHC), and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased by 10–40%, but a 9% increase in nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission levels was observed with TRCC. The delay period and combustion period were decreased by 5% and 7%. The fuel replacement of about 71% for the diesel...
The development and use of an optimum biomass energy conversion process requires details of chara... more The development and use of an optimum biomass energy conversion process requires details of characteristics and composition. Agricultural residues are the potential and valuable energy sources need a development of proper conversion process to use for the different applications. This paper deals with the discussion on different agricultural residue conversion processes and the different methods of characterization of agricultural residues. The main agricultural residue conversion processes are thermochemical and biochemical. These are again having the sub processes based on type of residue and end product requirement. The characterization methods are the thermogravimetric analysis/differential temperature analysis (TGA/DTA), elemental analysis (CHNS-O), Fourier transform infrared ray analysis (FTIR), near infrared ray analysis (NIR), X ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. It has been observed that the TGA/DTA and elemental analysis are important for choosing biomass energy conversion process. The pyrolysis is having the highest conversion efficiency and gasification and fermentation are moderate.
Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop ha... more Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned. The agriculture residues are abundantly available in the tropical country India. The assessment of agriculture residues is required to develop a suitable energy conversion technology. This paper deals with the discussion of different methods to assess agriculture residues. The methods used for the assessment of the agriculture residues are direct survey at source, direct survey at consumption, using grain production correlation, crop plantation area correlation and GIS. The survey method gives the better result but it is expensive and time consuming. The grain production correlation is the better method for assessment of the agriculture residues.
Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop ha... more Agriculture residues are the materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned. The agriculture residues are abundantly available in the tropical country India. The assessment of agriculture residues is required to develop a suitable energy conversion technology. This paper deals with the discussion of different methods to assess agriculture residues. The methods used for the assessment of the agriculture residues are direct survey at source, direct survey at consumption, using grain production correlation, crop plantation area correlation and GIS. The survey method gives the better result but it is expensive and time consuming. The grain production correlation is the better method for assessment of the agriculture residues.