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Papers by Regina Solova
Academic Journal of Modern Philology, vol. 20 , 2023
Promotion of the Art of Translation among High-School Students : The "Traducteur en herbe" Proje... more Promotion of the Art of Translation among High-School Students :
The "Traducteur en herbe" Project at the University of Wrocław
Our contribution is part of the reflection in translation studies focused on the teaching of translation. Its objective is to take stock of the project "Traducteur en herbe" carried out by the Institute of Romance Studies at the University of Wrocław since 2014. Aimed at learners of the French language, the initiative focuses on the practice of translation, an activity that is absent from the secondary education curriculum in Poland. The objective of the project is to promote the art of translation among high school students and to arouse their interest in the French language and civilization. From an institutional point of view, the purpose of the event is to familiarize students with the university environment and stimulate their interest in the courses offered at the Institute. The presentation of the project is an opportunity to reflect upon the errors made by novice translators who try their hand at literary translation. It can be useful for teachers of translation, secondary school teachers and all those interested in actions aimed at awakening
young people’s interest in the art of translation.
Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich, May 30, 2019
, apart from its Polish version, the magazine was also published in english, French, Spanish, ger... more , apart from its Polish version, the magazine was also published in english, French, Spanish, german, and Russian. The periodical was a product of the export circulation of cultural goods, the aim of which was to export translations of texts published in the country and those specifically intended for foreign readers. The initial task of the monthly was to shape the image of socialist Poland abroad. Through an analysis of texts intended for export, we examine how the monthly was used for propaganda * dane pochodzące z archiwum akt nowych [dalej: aan] zostały zebrane w ramach realizacji projektu badawczego "Kwerenda dotycząca miesięcznika »Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane« (1954-1981)" o numerze 2018 / 02 / X / HS2 / 00513 finansowanego ze środków narodowego centrum nauki.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia, 2022
Profiles of the concept of Poland in the journal “Polska” in 1968. Study of foreign propaganda te... more Profiles of the concept of Poland in the journal “Polska” in 1968.
Study of foreign propaganda texts intended for first, second and third world readers
This paper examines the profiles of the concept of Poland based on a corpus of foreign propaganda texts published in French and Slovak in 1968. The texts analysed come from three magazines: "La Pologne", "Polsko" and "La Revue Polonaise", created by political decision of the communist leaders to disseminatea positive image of Poland abroad. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the three profilesof the concept of Poland, aimed at first, second and third-world audiences, are different from each other
due to differences motivated by extra-linguistic factors, and in particular, the various objectives of the country’s foreign policy. The study is inspired by the work of the Lublin School of Ethnolinguistics on the linguistic representation of reality. Its methods make it possible to identify variants of the representation of an object through the examination of textual data, such as the ways of naming it, the semantic relations of synonymy and antonymy, or the series of its aspects mobilised in the discourse.
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem, 2022
“Friends of Polish Books” and “Servants of Excellence”: Translators’ Profiles in the Monthly Pol... more “Friends of Polish Books” and “Servants of Excellence”: Translators’
Profiles in the Monthly Poland (1970-1981)
The paper deals with the image of translators in the monthly Poland in
the years 1970-1981. Forty articles are analysed with the intention of testing the hypothesis that the promotion of the profiles of translators in the
journal was part of a broader campaign launched by the authorities of the
Polish People’s Republic to promote the country abroad. The publications
in which translators were called “friends of Polish books” and “servants of
excellence” were to build a positive image of Poland as a country with an
exemplary foreign cultural policy in which translation played an important
role. The question to what extent the image-oriented efforts of translators
convinced readers about the cultural policy of the Polish People’s Republic
remains open.
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem
Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign Readers. Example of the Month... more Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign Readers. Example of the Monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane in the 1950s The monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane [Poland: an illustrated magazine] was created in 1954 as a tool to promote the achievements of the People’s Republic of Poland abroad. It was translated into English, French, Spanish, German and Russian. The article presents an analysis of the mechanisms of the selection of literary texts for the magazine in the context of changes that took place in the country’s socio-political life in the 1950s. The freedom of choice allowed to the publishers remained within the limits defined by the authorities. The selection of texts depended, among others, on their authors’ state awards and on the plain fact that they had been formerly accepted for printing in the domestic market. The „thaw” in Poland led to changes in the way of selecting texts in the monthly. From 1956, the magazine began to present previousl...
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem
Sworn Translator Exam and Translation Norms: Example of the Specialized Terminology and Phraseolo... more Sworn Translator Exam and Translation Norms: Example of the Specialized Terminology and Phraseology Benchmarks Applied to the Translations of Economic Texts from Polish to French This study deals with prescriptive norms applied to the national accreditation exams for sworn translator candidates in Poland. The study has been limited to norms for specialized terminology and phraseology in the Polish to French translations of economic texts. As these prescriptive norms have not been formulated explicitly, the study relies on the benchmarks which are used to evaluate the examination papers. The purpose of this article is to check the assumption that the examiners evaluate the papers without any clear benchmarks, and that the candidates attend the exam without knowing precisely on what basis they will be evaluated. This hypothesis is confirmed by an analysis of authentic examination papers which concentrates on the way the examiners apply the benchmark of the “terminology and phraseology...
Academic Journal of Modern Philology, 2021
Politically Marked Terms as Quasi-term Words: “Ziemie Odzyskane” / “Les Territoires recouvrés” in... more Politically Marked Terms as Quasi-term Words:
“Ziemie Odzyskane” / “Les Territoires recouvrés” in a Diachronic
Perspective
This contribution is part of the reflection on the connections between language, politics and science and presents a case study on the use of the Polish name "Ziemie Odzyskane" or "ZO" ("Recovered Lands") and its French version, "Les Territoires recouvrés," in texts written in those languages. Its aim is to examine whether the name "ZO", introduced into official discourse by an authoritarian regime, can gain the status of a quasi-term. The study consists of the following three parts: 1) analysis of the political marking of the name "ZO" through the prism of typical features of the Polish newspeak; 2) study of the Polish researchers' comments about the name "ZO"; 3) preliminary analysis of a sample of French equivalents of the name "ZO" collected in scientific texts. These three steps of the analysis make it possible to understand the term-making process of the name "ZO," as an unambiguous unit (referring to the former German territories attached to Poland after the 1945 Potsdam agreements) whose use, however, is often accompanied by metatextual markers. The researchers' distancing from the name "ZO," shown in the texts by inverted commas or comments, indicates that it can be treated as a quasi-term in the context of linguistic and terminological studies.
Romanica Wratislaviensia, 2021
FLEEING THE PERIPHERY, OR HOW POLAND WANTED TO CREATE ITS IMAGE IN THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD W... more FLEEING THE PERIPHERY, OR HOW POLAND WANTED TO CREATE ITS IMAGE IN THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD WORLD. STUDYING THE TRANSLATIONS OF THE MAGAZINES LA POLOGNE, POLSKO AND LA REVUE POLONAISE IN 1968
The paper deals with the image strategies of People’s Poland as a peripheral country based on an analysis of the elements of its foreign cultural policy carried out through translations in 1968. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the three versions of the review Polska. Czasopismo Ilustrowane [Poland. Illustrated Magazine], created to promote Poland in the world, is based on P. Bourdieu’s concept of capital. We start from two hypotheses: the first one about the valuation
of cultural capital in the versions of the review addressed to capitalist (La Pologne. Revue Mensuelle) and socialist (Polsko. Obrázkový časopis) countries. The second — on the promotion of Poland’s economic and political capital in the version for “third world countries” (La Revue Polonaise. Magazine Illustré). Generally, both hypotheses are confirmed. The analysis also shows variations of the image strategies depending on the target readers: westernisation (emphasis on cultural ties to the West) and victimisation (Poland as a victim of history) in the version for the “first world”; strategy of utopia (emphasis on the achievements of a socialist country) in the version for the “second world”; idealisation (Poland as a peaceful, economically developed country) in the “third world” version.These strategies correspond to the key word of the political elites’ policy, “fleeing the periphery”.
Rocznik Przekładoznawczy, 2009
Zarys treści: Artykuł przedstawia problematykę tekstów skonwencjonalizowanych z punktu widzenia t... more Zarys treści: Artykuł przedstawia problematykę tekstów skonwencjonalizowanych z punktu widzenia translatologa. Stara się w pierwszej kolejności odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czym są teksty skonwencjonalizowane, a następnie opisać problemy, jakie może stwarzać ich przekład.
Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich
The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. ... more The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. In the period under analysis (1954—1956), apart from its Polish version, the magazine was also published in English, French, Spanish, German, and Russian. The periodical was a product of the export circulation of cultural goods, the aim of which was to export translations of texts published in the country and those specifically intended for foreign readers. The initial task of the monthly was to shape the image of socialist Poland abroad. Through an analysis of texts intended for export, we examine how the monthly was used for propaganda purposes in the years making to the end of Stalinism and the beginning of “the thaw” in Poland.
Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich
The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. ... more The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. In the period under analysis (1954—1956), apart from its Polish version, the magazine was also published in English, French, Spanish, German, and Russian. The periodical was a product of the export circulation of cultural goods, the aim of which was to export translations of texts published in the country and those specifically intended for foreign readers. The initial task of the monthly was to shape the image of socialist Poland abroad. Through an analysis of texts intended for export, we examine how the monthly was used for propaganda purposes in the years making to the end of Stalinism and the beginning of “the thaw” in Poland.
Orbis Linguarum, 49, 2018
"Naming the language of power. Polish and French preliminary overview" The purpose of this artic... more "Naming the language of power. Polish and French preliminary overview"
The purpose of this article is to study, in a dynamic perspective, selected units used to name the language of power in Polish and French. First, we analysed the use of specialised Polish words (terms), then the selected terms were compared with definitions from general dictionaries, and in a last step, we analysed potential French equivalents of the Polish words, examining their older and contemporary dictionary definitions.
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem, 2019
The magazine Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane was created to present the cultural, economic and soc... more The magazine Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane was created to present the cultural, economic and social events of People’s Poland to foreign readers. The Polish original of the monthly and its western editions (German, English, Spanish, French, and - until June 1981 - Swedish) were produced by the services of the Polish Agency Interpress responsible for the publication and foreign dissemination of the magazine in accordance with the objectives of state propaganda.
The aim of this contribution is to examine how the Polish events of 1980-1981 were represented in the monthly, taking into account that the propaganda policy of the communist countries used to vary depending on both the socio-political events and the target audience. The analysis of a selection of texts from the Polish edition (the translations faithfully imitated the original) published between August 1980 and November 1981 shows that the representation of the Polish thaw (strikes, creation of the trade union “Solidarity”, reaction of power) was dominated by the pro-government point of view and that the liberalization of the editorial line lasted only four months. The exploitation of the magazine for propaganda purposes was more important than the desire to adapt it to the intended audience.
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem , 2019
Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign Readers. Example of the Month... more Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign
Readers. Example of the Monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane in
the 1950s
The monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane [Poland: an illustrated
magazine] was created in 1954 as a tool to promote the achievements of the People’s Republic of Poland abroad. It was translated into English,
French, Spanish, German and Russian. The article presents an analysis
of the mechanisms of the selection of literary texts for the magazine in
the context of changes that took place in the country’s socio-political life
in the 1950s. The freedom of choice allowed to the publishers remained
within the limits defined by the authorities. The selection of texts depended, among others, on their authors’ state awards and on the plain fact that they had been formerly accepted for printing in the domestic market. The „thaw” in Poland led to changes in the way of selecting texts in the monthly. From 1956, the magazine began to present previously banned authors, who criticized the political system and wrote works in opposition to socialist realism. However, the propaganda goals of the authorities were not abandoned. The orientation of the contents was supposed to show the authorities of the People’s Republic of Poland in a positive light, discredit the government in exile and emphasize the friendship between Poland and the USSR.
Polish sworn translators' self-portrait The article presents the results of a survey conducted am... more Polish sworn translators' self-portrait
The article presents the results of a survey conducted among sworn translators of French concerning the education of translators and their attitude to their profession. A vast majority of the respondents did not have an opportunity to take part in special courses for (future) translators, which were rare in Poland before the 1990s, and they developed their professional competence themselves. Significantly, some self-taught translators are reluctant to share their knowledge with colleagues and students. They believe that their knowledge and skills are something they have worked to achieve on their own for many years. Many responses can be summed up by a description of the translators' s profession as a craft (an expression used by one of the translators) , in which experience is gained thanks to hard work on one's own, work that is not well paid.
The opinions presented in the survey may evolve with time, e.g. thanks to the adoption of the Act on the profession of sworn translators, which is speeding up the professionalisation of this métier. The self-portrait of sworn translators may change in 10 years. This hypothesis is worth checking by means of another survey.
Sworn translator exam and translation norms. Example of the specialized terminology and phraseolo... more Sworn translator exam and translation norms. Example of the specialized terminology and phraseology benchmarks applied to the translations of economic texts from Polish to French
This study deals with prescriptive norms applied to the national accreditation exams for sworn translator candidates in Poland. The study has been limited to norms for specialized terminology and phraseology in the Polish to French translations of economic texts. As these prescriptive norms have not been formulated explicitly, the study relies on the benchmarks which are used to evaluate the examination papers. The purpose of this article is to check the assumption that the examiners evaluate the papers without any clear benchmarks, and that the candidates attend the exam without knowing precisely on what basis they will be evaluated. This hypothesis is confirmed by an analysis of authentic examination papers which concentrates on the way the examiners apply the benchmark of the “terminology and phraseology of the specialized sublanguage”.
Key words: sworn translator exam, translation norms, evaluation benchmarks for translation, specialized terminology, economic texts
Contrat de travail and umowa o pracę. Translation of the French document into Polish. Differenc... more Contrat de travail and umowa o pracę. Translation of the French document into Polish.
Differences between two text models can influence the translation quality. The juxtaposition of the French and Polish labour contract reveals the existing discrepancies between the two models of documents. Translation difficulties appear at the microstructure level: they are caused mostly by culture-bound terms.
Zarys treści: Artykuł przedstawia problematykę tekstów skonwencjonalizowanych z punktu widzenia t... more Zarys treści: Artykuł przedstawia problematykę tekstów skonwencjonalizowanych z punktu widzenia translatologa. Stara się w pierwszej kolejności odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czym są teksty skonwencjonalizowane, a następnie opisać problemy, jakie może stwarzać ich przekład.
Translation of conventionalized texts – selected problems
Summary
The article presents the issue of translation of conventionalized texts as perceived by a translatologist. First of all, it attempts at answering the question on the nature and features of conventionalized texts and then it tries to describe the problems that might be encountered during the translation process. Those problems are the following: lack of language model, apparently common models and differences of language
models on the structural, pragmatic, lexical and stylistic levels. Frequently, these problems appear at the same time. The translator is capable of facing them only when he has textual and cultural competence.
Il s'agit d'une réflexion sur les causes de l'évolution des modèles textuels dans une langue-cult... more Il s'agit d'une réflexion sur les causes de l'évolution des modèles textuels dans une langue-culture donnée. L'hypothèse adoptée présuppose que les changements des modèles de texte sont provoqués non seulement par la traduction, mais aussi par d'autres facteurs. L'étude des transformations de la notice de médicament polonaise en comparaison avec les notices allemandes, anglaises et françaises permet de la vérifier : le modèle actuel de notice polonaise est le résultat de la transposition de la réglementation européenne et les résonances de la traduction n'y sont plus perceptibles.
Mots-clés : évolution d'un modèle de texte, notice de médicament, législation européenne
Abstract : The aim is to analyse the reasons of the text models evolution in one language-culture. The adopted hypothesis presupposes that the changes of the text models are caused not only by translation but also by other factors. The analysis of the transformations of the Polish patient information leaflet in comparison with German, British and French leaflets allows to confirm it: the current Polish leaflet model is a result of the transposition of the European regulations, and translation echoes are not anymore perceptible.
Le diplôme du baccalauréat polonais est un texte administratif qui de premier abord ne pose pas d... more Le diplôme du baccalauréat polonais est un texte administratif qui de premier abord ne pose pas de difficultés en traduction. L'analyse des éléments paraverbaux et de leurs traductions en français nous a amenée à la constatation suivante : le paraverbal peut être traduit soit par du paraverbal (c'est le cas de la structure spatiale du texte que le traducteur peut imiter grâce aux moyens typographiques) soit par du verbal (il s'agit des éléments graphiques comme l'emblème de l'État, la bande blanche et rouge représentant le drapeau polonais, la photographie et les cachets que le traducteur doit décrire brièvement dans son commentaire). La traduction du paraverbal par des notes du traducteur est une tâche visiblement plus difficile. Malgré les indications inscrites dans Le Code du traducteur assermenté avec commentaire-un manuel contenant la norme en traduction-les stratégies employées sont très diverses, et parfois elles témoignent d'une incohérence. Certaines maladresses peuvent s'expliquer par le fait que les traducteurs sont obligés de traduire vers une langue étrangère.
Mots-clés : traduction, diplôme du baccalauréat, éléments paraverbaux, structure spatiale du texte, éléments graphiques
Abstract: The Polish General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an administrative text which at first sight does not seem to pose problems in translation. An analysis of paraverbal elements and their translation into French yields the following conclusions. The paraverbal elements may be translated in various ways: by corresponding paraverbal devices (as is the case with the spatial organization of the text which the translator may imitate by typographical means) or by verbal elements (e.g. graphical components such as the national emblem, white-and-red stripe symbolizing the Polish national flag, the holder's photograph, and stamps which the translator briefly describes in comments or references). Translating paraverbal elements by incorporating translator's notes into the text is a more difficult task. Regardless of some guidelines put forward in A Sworn Translator's Code with Commentary – one of normative manuals of translation – the actual solutions applied by translators are considerably varied and oftentimes inconsistent. However, some of the unsuccessful solutions of translational problems may be attributed to translating out of the translator's native language.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology, vol. 20 , 2023
Promotion of the Art of Translation among High-School Students : The "Traducteur en herbe" Proje... more Promotion of the Art of Translation among High-School Students :
The "Traducteur en herbe" Project at the University of Wrocław
Our contribution is part of the reflection in translation studies focused on the teaching of translation. Its objective is to take stock of the project "Traducteur en herbe" carried out by the Institute of Romance Studies at the University of Wrocław since 2014. Aimed at learners of the French language, the initiative focuses on the practice of translation, an activity that is absent from the secondary education curriculum in Poland. The objective of the project is to promote the art of translation among high school students and to arouse their interest in the French language and civilization. From an institutional point of view, the purpose of the event is to familiarize students with the university environment and stimulate their interest in the courses offered at the Institute. The presentation of the project is an opportunity to reflect upon the errors made by novice translators who try their hand at literary translation. It can be useful for teachers of translation, secondary school teachers and all those interested in actions aimed at awakening
young people’s interest in the art of translation.
Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich, May 30, 2019
, apart from its Polish version, the magazine was also published in english, French, Spanish, ger... more , apart from its Polish version, the magazine was also published in english, French, Spanish, german, and Russian. The periodical was a product of the export circulation of cultural goods, the aim of which was to export translations of texts published in the country and those specifically intended for foreign readers. The initial task of the monthly was to shape the image of socialist Poland abroad. Through an analysis of texts intended for export, we examine how the monthly was used for propaganda * dane pochodzące z archiwum akt nowych [dalej: aan] zostały zebrane w ramach realizacji projektu badawczego "Kwerenda dotycząca miesięcznika »Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane« (1954-1981)" o numerze 2018 / 02 / X / HS2 / 00513 finansowanego ze środków narodowego centrum nauki.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia, 2022
Profiles of the concept of Poland in the journal “Polska” in 1968. Study of foreign propaganda te... more Profiles of the concept of Poland in the journal “Polska” in 1968.
Study of foreign propaganda texts intended for first, second and third world readers
This paper examines the profiles of the concept of Poland based on a corpus of foreign propaganda texts published in French and Slovak in 1968. The texts analysed come from three magazines: "La Pologne", "Polsko" and "La Revue Polonaise", created by political decision of the communist leaders to disseminatea positive image of Poland abroad. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the three profilesof the concept of Poland, aimed at first, second and third-world audiences, are different from each other
due to differences motivated by extra-linguistic factors, and in particular, the various objectives of the country’s foreign policy. The study is inspired by the work of the Lublin School of Ethnolinguistics on the linguistic representation of reality. Its methods make it possible to identify variants of the representation of an object through the examination of textual data, such as the ways of naming it, the semantic relations of synonymy and antonymy, or the series of its aspects mobilised in the discourse.
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem, 2022
“Friends of Polish Books” and “Servants of Excellence”: Translators’ Profiles in the Monthly Pol... more “Friends of Polish Books” and “Servants of Excellence”: Translators’
Profiles in the Monthly Poland (1970-1981)
The paper deals with the image of translators in the monthly Poland in
the years 1970-1981. Forty articles are analysed with the intention of testing the hypothesis that the promotion of the profiles of translators in the
journal was part of a broader campaign launched by the authorities of the
Polish People’s Republic to promote the country abroad. The publications
in which translators were called “friends of Polish books” and “servants of
excellence” were to build a positive image of Poland as a country with an
exemplary foreign cultural policy in which translation played an important
role. The question to what extent the image-oriented efforts of translators
convinced readers about the cultural policy of the Polish People’s Republic
remains open.
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem
Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign Readers. Example of the Month... more Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign Readers. Example of the Monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane in the 1950s The monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane [Poland: an illustrated magazine] was created in 1954 as a tool to promote the achievements of the People’s Republic of Poland abroad. It was translated into English, French, Spanish, German and Russian. The article presents an analysis of the mechanisms of the selection of literary texts for the magazine in the context of changes that took place in the country’s socio-political life in the 1950s. The freedom of choice allowed to the publishers remained within the limits defined by the authorities. The selection of texts depended, among others, on their authors’ state awards and on the plain fact that they had been formerly accepted for printing in the domestic market. The „thaw” in Poland led to changes in the way of selecting texts in the monthly. From 1956, the magazine began to present previousl...
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem
Sworn Translator Exam and Translation Norms: Example of the Specialized Terminology and Phraseolo... more Sworn Translator Exam and Translation Norms: Example of the Specialized Terminology and Phraseology Benchmarks Applied to the Translations of Economic Texts from Polish to French This study deals with prescriptive norms applied to the national accreditation exams for sworn translator candidates in Poland. The study has been limited to norms for specialized terminology and phraseology in the Polish to French translations of economic texts. As these prescriptive norms have not been formulated explicitly, the study relies on the benchmarks which are used to evaluate the examination papers. The purpose of this article is to check the assumption that the examiners evaluate the papers without any clear benchmarks, and that the candidates attend the exam without knowing precisely on what basis they will be evaluated. This hypothesis is confirmed by an analysis of authentic examination papers which concentrates on the way the examiners apply the benchmark of the “terminology and phraseology...
Academic Journal of Modern Philology, 2021
Politically Marked Terms as Quasi-term Words: “Ziemie Odzyskane” / “Les Territoires recouvrés” in... more Politically Marked Terms as Quasi-term Words:
“Ziemie Odzyskane” / “Les Territoires recouvrés” in a Diachronic
Perspective
This contribution is part of the reflection on the connections between language, politics and science and presents a case study on the use of the Polish name "Ziemie Odzyskane" or "ZO" ("Recovered Lands") and its French version, "Les Territoires recouvrés," in texts written in those languages. Its aim is to examine whether the name "ZO", introduced into official discourse by an authoritarian regime, can gain the status of a quasi-term. The study consists of the following three parts: 1) analysis of the political marking of the name "ZO" through the prism of typical features of the Polish newspeak; 2) study of the Polish researchers' comments about the name "ZO"; 3) preliminary analysis of a sample of French equivalents of the name "ZO" collected in scientific texts. These three steps of the analysis make it possible to understand the term-making process of the name "ZO," as an unambiguous unit (referring to the former German territories attached to Poland after the 1945 Potsdam agreements) whose use, however, is often accompanied by metatextual markers. The researchers' distancing from the name "ZO," shown in the texts by inverted commas or comments, indicates that it can be treated as a quasi-term in the context of linguistic and terminological studies.
Romanica Wratislaviensia, 2021
FLEEING THE PERIPHERY, OR HOW POLAND WANTED TO CREATE ITS IMAGE IN THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD W... more FLEEING THE PERIPHERY, OR HOW POLAND WANTED TO CREATE ITS IMAGE IN THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD WORLD. STUDYING THE TRANSLATIONS OF THE MAGAZINES LA POLOGNE, POLSKO AND LA REVUE POLONAISE IN 1968
The paper deals with the image strategies of People’s Poland as a peripheral country based on an analysis of the elements of its foreign cultural policy carried out through translations in 1968. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the three versions of the review Polska. Czasopismo Ilustrowane [Poland. Illustrated Magazine], created to promote Poland in the world, is based on P. Bourdieu’s concept of capital. We start from two hypotheses: the first one about the valuation
of cultural capital in the versions of the review addressed to capitalist (La Pologne. Revue Mensuelle) and socialist (Polsko. Obrázkový časopis) countries. The second — on the promotion of Poland’s economic and political capital in the version for “third world countries” (La Revue Polonaise. Magazine Illustré). Generally, both hypotheses are confirmed. The analysis also shows variations of the image strategies depending on the target readers: westernisation (emphasis on cultural ties to the West) and victimisation (Poland as a victim of history) in the version for the “first world”; strategy of utopia (emphasis on the achievements of a socialist country) in the version for the “second world”; idealisation (Poland as a peaceful, economically developed country) in the “third world” version.These strategies correspond to the key word of the political elites’ policy, “fleeing the periphery”.
Rocznik Przekładoznawczy, 2009
Zarys treści: Artykuł przedstawia problematykę tekstów skonwencjonalizowanych z punktu widzenia t... more Zarys treści: Artykuł przedstawia problematykę tekstów skonwencjonalizowanych z punktu widzenia translatologa. Stara się w pierwszej kolejności odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czym są teksty skonwencjonalizowane, a następnie opisać problemy, jakie może stwarzać ich przekład.
Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich
The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. ... more The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. In the period under analysis (1954—1956), apart from its Polish version, the magazine was also published in English, French, Spanish, German, and Russian. The periodical was a product of the export circulation of cultural goods, the aim of which was to export translations of texts published in the country and those specifically intended for foreign readers. The initial task of the monthly was to shape the image of socialist Poland abroad. Through an analysis of texts intended for export, we examine how the monthly was used for propaganda purposes in the years making to the end of Stalinism and the beginning of “the thaw” in Poland.
Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich
The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. ... more The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. In the period under analysis (1954—1956), apart from its Polish version, the magazine was also published in English, French, Spanish, German, and Russian. The periodical was a product of the export circulation of cultural goods, the aim of which was to export translations of texts published in the country and those specifically intended for foreign readers. The initial task of the monthly was to shape the image of socialist Poland abroad. Through an analysis of texts intended for export, we examine how the monthly was used for propaganda purposes in the years making to the end of Stalinism and the beginning of “the thaw” in Poland.
Orbis Linguarum, 49, 2018
"Naming the language of power. Polish and French preliminary overview" The purpose of this artic... more "Naming the language of power. Polish and French preliminary overview"
The purpose of this article is to study, in a dynamic perspective, selected units used to name the language of power in Polish and French. First, we analysed the use of specialised Polish words (terms), then the selected terms were compared with definitions from general dictionaries, and in a last step, we analysed potential French equivalents of the Polish words, examining their older and contemporary dictionary definitions.
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem, 2019
The magazine Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane was created to present the cultural, economic and soc... more The magazine Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane was created to present the cultural, economic and social events of People’s Poland to foreign readers. The Polish original of the monthly and its western editions (German, English, Spanish, French, and - until June 1981 - Swedish) were produced by the services of the Polish Agency Interpress responsible for the publication and foreign dissemination of the magazine in accordance with the objectives of state propaganda.
The aim of this contribution is to examine how the Polish events of 1980-1981 were represented in the monthly, taking into account that the propaganda policy of the communist countries used to vary depending on both the socio-political events and the target audience. The analysis of a selection of texts from the Polish edition (the translations faithfully imitated the original) published between August 1980 and November 1981 shows that the representation of the Polish thaw (strikes, creation of the trade union “Solidarity”, reaction of power) was dominated by the pro-government point of view and that the liberalization of the editorial line lasted only four months. The exploitation of the magazine for propaganda purposes was more important than the desire to adapt it to the intended audience.
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem , 2019
Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign Readers. Example of the Month... more Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign
Readers. Example of the Monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane in
the 1950s
The monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane [Poland: an illustrated
magazine] was created in 1954 as a tool to promote the achievements of the People’s Republic of Poland abroad. It was translated into English,
French, Spanish, German and Russian. The article presents an analysis
of the mechanisms of the selection of literary texts for the magazine in
the context of changes that took place in the country’s socio-political life
in the 1950s. The freedom of choice allowed to the publishers remained
within the limits defined by the authorities. The selection of texts depended, among others, on their authors’ state awards and on the plain fact that they had been formerly accepted for printing in the domestic market. The „thaw” in Poland led to changes in the way of selecting texts in the monthly. From 1956, the magazine began to present previously banned authors, who criticized the political system and wrote works in opposition to socialist realism. However, the propaganda goals of the authorities were not abandoned. The orientation of the contents was supposed to show the authorities of the People’s Republic of Poland in a positive light, discredit the government in exile and emphasize the friendship between Poland and the USSR.
Polish sworn translators' self-portrait The article presents the results of a survey conducted am... more Polish sworn translators' self-portrait
The article presents the results of a survey conducted among sworn translators of French concerning the education of translators and their attitude to their profession. A vast majority of the respondents did not have an opportunity to take part in special courses for (future) translators, which were rare in Poland before the 1990s, and they developed their professional competence themselves. Significantly, some self-taught translators are reluctant to share their knowledge with colleagues and students. They believe that their knowledge and skills are something they have worked to achieve on their own for many years. Many responses can be summed up by a description of the translators' s profession as a craft (an expression used by one of the translators) , in which experience is gained thanks to hard work on one's own, work that is not well paid.
The opinions presented in the survey may evolve with time, e.g. thanks to the adoption of the Act on the profession of sworn translators, which is speeding up the professionalisation of this métier. The self-portrait of sworn translators may change in 10 years. This hypothesis is worth checking by means of another survey.
Sworn translator exam and translation norms. Example of the specialized terminology and phraseolo... more Sworn translator exam and translation norms. Example of the specialized terminology and phraseology benchmarks applied to the translations of economic texts from Polish to French
This study deals with prescriptive norms applied to the national accreditation exams for sworn translator candidates in Poland. The study has been limited to norms for specialized terminology and phraseology in the Polish to French translations of economic texts. As these prescriptive norms have not been formulated explicitly, the study relies on the benchmarks which are used to evaluate the examination papers. The purpose of this article is to check the assumption that the examiners evaluate the papers without any clear benchmarks, and that the candidates attend the exam without knowing precisely on what basis they will be evaluated. This hypothesis is confirmed by an analysis of authentic examination papers which concentrates on the way the examiners apply the benchmark of the “terminology and phraseology of the specialized sublanguage”.
Key words: sworn translator exam, translation norms, evaluation benchmarks for translation, specialized terminology, economic texts
Contrat de travail and umowa o pracę. Translation of the French document into Polish. Differenc... more Contrat de travail and umowa o pracę. Translation of the French document into Polish.
Differences between two text models can influence the translation quality. The juxtaposition of the French and Polish labour contract reveals the existing discrepancies between the two models of documents. Translation difficulties appear at the microstructure level: they are caused mostly by culture-bound terms.
Zarys treści: Artykuł przedstawia problematykę tekstów skonwencjonalizowanych z punktu widzenia t... more Zarys treści: Artykuł przedstawia problematykę tekstów skonwencjonalizowanych z punktu widzenia translatologa. Stara się w pierwszej kolejności odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czym są teksty skonwencjonalizowane, a następnie opisać problemy, jakie może stwarzać ich przekład.
Translation of conventionalized texts – selected problems
Summary
The article presents the issue of translation of conventionalized texts as perceived by a translatologist. First of all, it attempts at answering the question on the nature and features of conventionalized texts and then it tries to describe the problems that might be encountered during the translation process. Those problems are the following: lack of language model, apparently common models and differences of language
models on the structural, pragmatic, lexical and stylistic levels. Frequently, these problems appear at the same time. The translator is capable of facing them only when he has textual and cultural competence.
Il s'agit d'une réflexion sur les causes de l'évolution des modèles textuels dans une langue-cult... more Il s'agit d'une réflexion sur les causes de l'évolution des modèles textuels dans une langue-culture donnée. L'hypothèse adoptée présuppose que les changements des modèles de texte sont provoqués non seulement par la traduction, mais aussi par d'autres facteurs. L'étude des transformations de la notice de médicament polonaise en comparaison avec les notices allemandes, anglaises et françaises permet de la vérifier : le modèle actuel de notice polonaise est le résultat de la transposition de la réglementation européenne et les résonances de la traduction n'y sont plus perceptibles.
Mots-clés : évolution d'un modèle de texte, notice de médicament, législation européenne
Abstract : The aim is to analyse the reasons of the text models evolution in one language-culture. The adopted hypothesis presupposes that the changes of the text models are caused not only by translation but also by other factors. The analysis of the transformations of the Polish patient information leaflet in comparison with German, British and French leaflets allows to confirm it: the current Polish leaflet model is a result of the transposition of the European regulations, and translation echoes are not anymore perceptible.
Le diplôme du baccalauréat polonais est un texte administratif qui de premier abord ne pose pas d... more Le diplôme du baccalauréat polonais est un texte administratif qui de premier abord ne pose pas de difficultés en traduction. L'analyse des éléments paraverbaux et de leurs traductions en français nous a amenée à la constatation suivante : le paraverbal peut être traduit soit par du paraverbal (c'est le cas de la structure spatiale du texte que le traducteur peut imiter grâce aux moyens typographiques) soit par du verbal (il s'agit des éléments graphiques comme l'emblème de l'État, la bande blanche et rouge représentant le drapeau polonais, la photographie et les cachets que le traducteur doit décrire brièvement dans son commentaire). La traduction du paraverbal par des notes du traducteur est une tâche visiblement plus difficile. Malgré les indications inscrites dans Le Code du traducteur assermenté avec commentaire-un manuel contenant la norme en traduction-les stratégies employées sont très diverses, et parfois elles témoignent d'une incohérence. Certaines maladresses peuvent s'expliquer par le fait que les traducteurs sont obligés de traduire vers une langue étrangère.
Mots-clés : traduction, diplôme du baccalauréat, éléments paraverbaux, structure spatiale du texte, éléments graphiques
Abstract: The Polish General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an administrative text which at first sight does not seem to pose problems in translation. An analysis of paraverbal elements and their translation into French yields the following conclusions. The paraverbal elements may be translated in various ways: by corresponding paraverbal devices (as is the case with the spatial organization of the text which the translator may imitate by typographical means) or by verbal elements (e.g. graphical components such as the national emblem, white-and-red stripe symbolizing the Polish national flag, the holder's photograph, and stamps which the translator briefly describes in comments or references). Translating paraverbal elements by incorporating translator's notes into the text is a more difficult task. Regardless of some guidelines put forward in A Sworn Translator's Code with Commentary – one of normative manuals of translation – the actual solutions applied by translators are considerably varied and oftentimes inconsistent. However, some of the unsuccessful solutions of translational problems may be attributed to translating out of the translator's native language.
by Leszek Małczak, Piotr Marecki, Katarzyna Majdzik, Aleksander Gomola, Jakob Altmann, Monika Gawlak, Regina Solova, Natalia Paprocka, Karolina Pospiszil-Hofmańska, Andrij Saweneć, Katarzyna Bednarska, and Translations of Slavic Literatures
The programme of the Conference "Why we translate? Praxis, theory and metatheory of translation".
Traduction des genres textuels stéréotypés : norme et pratique. Étude d’un corpus de traductions ... more Traduction des genres textuels stéréotypés : norme et pratique. Étude d’un corpus de traductions certifiées du polonais en français et du français en polonais
Résumé
Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser les attitudes des traducteurs par rapport aux normes. Nous voulons vérifier également dans quelle mesure le concept de norme peut contribuer à expliquer les comportements des traducteurs (leurs choix) qui se manifestent dans les produits de leur activité : les textes traduits.
Notre analyse concerne les normes en vigueur dans la traduction des genres textuels stéréotypés, lesquels font souvent l’objet de traduction certifiée. Les genres textuels stéréotypés sont des genres à structure figée qui possèdent des composantes à ordre d’apparition fixe, des éléments de contenu stables, une réalisation linguistique schématique ainsi qu’une fonction précise, déterminée par une situation de communication répétitive. Parmi les genres textuels stéréotypés, on compte entre autres : les actes d’état civil, diplômes d’études, extraits de casier judiciaire, contrats de travail, etc.
On pourrait croire que la traduction de ces textes, en raison de leur structure figée, engendre des choix convergents. L’observation de la pratique traductive montre cependant une disparité dans les stratégies de traduction utilisées ainsi qu’une présence importante d’erreurs. La question se pose donc de savoir si, dans le processus de traduction, les traducteurs suivent certaines règles (ou normes), et quelles en sont les sources.
Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons eu recours aux ressources de trois disciplines : linguistique, sociologie et traductologie.
Les travaux du domaine de la linguistique textuelle et de l’analyse du discours nous ont permis de définir les genres de textes qui constituent l’objet de nos recherches. Nous nous sommes également servie d’analyses contrastives des genres textuels choisis pour déterminer les difficultés posées par leur traduction.
Les attitudes des traducteurs par rapport aux normes ont été étudiées grâce à une enquête, méthode empruntée aux sciences sociales. Des travaux du domaine de la sociologie ont été aussi utilisés pour définir le concept de norme.
Les ouvrages traductologiques ont contribué à l’élaboration de notre concept de norme en traduction. Nous avons eu recours aux outils traductologiques lors de l’analyse des traductions authentiques.
L’étude des normes en vigueur dans la traduction des genres textuels stéréotypés s’appuie sur une distinction faite entre les normes prescriptives et les normes descriptives. Les premières sont comprises comme règles préétablies auxquelles les traducteurs se conforment afin d’éviter des sanctions. Les secondes sont le résultat d’une moyenne et se laissent dégager à partir des régularités observées dans la pratique traductive.
Notre recherche des normes prescriptives passe par une revue des programmes universitaires d’enseignement, une description de la formation des traducteurs professionnels et des publications comprenant des énoncés normatifs, tels les normes juridiques, normes techniques, guides, manuels ou revues adressés aux traducteurs. L’examen des sources de normes prescriptives montre que l’enseignement universitaire de la traduction certifiée est plutôt marginal et que les publications adressées aux traducteurs ne contiennent que des règles de traduction générales. Il manque d’ouvrages et de prescriptions plus détaillés. Le meilleur moyen de transmettre les normes prescriptives est la formation continue sous la forme d’ateliers organisés par les associations ou agences de traduction.
L’analyse de la pratique traductive, dont l’objectif est de dégager des régularités et ensuite de reconstituer les normes descriptives, est menée à partir d’un corpus de 152 traductions (du français en polonais et du polonais en français) de textes stéréotypés (actes d’état civil, certificats, diplômes, extraits de casier judiciaire, contrats de travail, documents automobiles) fournis par trente traducteurs assermentés. L’étude des traductions est organisée autour de deux catégories d’éléments textuels : éléments verbaux, tels les intitulés des documents, termes et expressions à fort contenu culturel, phrases figées, et éléments non-verbaux, tels la mise en page, l’emblème de l’État, le sceau.
La majorité des éléments analysés ne permet pas de dégager de régularités ni de décrire les normes en vigueur dans la pratique des traducteurs polonais.
L’examen des choix opérés par ceux-ci montre des attitudes diverses par rapport aux normes prescriptives. En effet, il existe des normes que les traducteurs suivent de façon régulière, et des normes qu’ils transgressent tout aussi régulièrement. Le non-respect des normes prescriptives est motivé par trois facteurs : méconnaissance ou refus des prescriptions en vigueur, ou existence de prescriptions contradictoires.
L’observation des choix réguliers nous incite à nous poser la question de savoir si ceux-ci peuvent devenir des modèles à suivre. Pour certaines solutions répétitives, apparemment respectueuses des prescriptions en vigueur, la réponse est négative car elles ne rendent pas le sens de l’original. Pour d’autres, en revanche, nous pouvons donner une réponse affirmative. Pour d’autres encore, il est difficile d’apporter une réponse tranchée, ne sachant pas à quel public cible les traductions s’adressent.
Nos observations sur les normes de traduction proprement dites sont complétées par des remarques sur l’attitude des traducteurs par rapport aux normes linguistiques. Celles-ci ne sont pas toujours respectées. Les traducteurs manquent ainsi à une obligation légale de leur profession, car la Loi sur la profession de traducteur assermenté leur impose d’exercer leur métier avec « un soin tout particulier ».
L’absence de correspondances entre les règles en vigueur et la pratique traductive révèle que les traducteurs ont besoin de normes prescriptives. Ce besoin est aussi confirmé par les résultats de notre enquête réalisée auprès des traducteurs de langue française. Il faut cependant souligner que l’élaboration de modèles et glossaires de traduction pour les textes stéréotypés choisis semble utile mais ne saurait résoudre tous les problèmes traductologiques apparaissant en cours de traduction. Le traducteur reste toujours impliqué dans un processus de décision et doit faire des choix en fonction de facteurs différents.
Notre étude montre aussi que la norme est un concept qui ne permet d’expliquer que partiellement les comportements des traducteurs. En effet, les normes restent dans un état de concurrence ; elles changent avec le temps et peuvent varier selon les régions. Il n’existe pas de régularité absolue ni d’anomie absolue dans le comportement des membres d’un groupe. En outre, les choix d’une même personne ne sont jamais entièrement réguliers.
Pour rendre compte des résultats de notre étude, un autre concept emprunté à la pensée sociologique semble utile : celui d’habitus. Élaboré dans le domaine des sciences sociales par Pierre Bourdieu, ce concept désigne en traductologie une « disposition à traduire » qui dépend de la formation du traducteur ainsi que de sa pratique de la traduction. Les résultats de nos analyses montrent que dans l’habitus des traducteurs assermentés polonais, la place des normes prescriptives n’est pas suffisante. L’analyse de la pratique traductive révèle des différences importantes dans la qualité des prestations. Certaines traductions peuvent être considérées comme « modèles à suivre », mais la majorité d’entre elles ne respectent ni les normes de traduction proprement dites, ni les normes linguistiques de la langue cible. Ceci peut être attribué à des déficiences dans la formation à la traduction, mais aussi au manque de sources de normes fiables auxquelles les traducteurs assermentés de langue française pourraient se référer lors de la traduction de textes appartenant aux genres textuels stéréotypés. On a pu le voir en analysant les sources existantes, mais c’est dans les résultats de l’enquête réalisée auprès des traducteurs mêmes qu’un grand besoin d’harmonisation des stratégies de traduction et de terminologie se laisse entendre.
Les résultats de nos recherches ne concernent que les traducteurs de langue française, mais d’autres études viennent confirmer les observations recueillies. Elles permettent de supposer que les observations sur la diffusion des normes prescriptives par les centres de formation de traducteurs/interprètes ainsi que sur l’absence de régularités dans les choix opérés par les traducteurs ne sont pas spécifiques à la traduction vers et à partir du français. Elles concernent probablement toutes les langues enseignées et traduites en Pologne. Un grand travail reste donc à faire.
Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich, 2019
The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. ... more The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. In the period under analysis (1954—1956), apart from its Polish version, the magazine was also published in English, French, Spanish, German, and Russian. The periodical was a product of the export circulation of cultural goods, the aim of which was to export translations of texts published in the country and those specifically intended for foreign readers. The initial task of the monthly was to shape the image of socialist Poland abroad. Through an analysis of texts intended for export, we examine how the monthly was used for propaganda purposes in the years making to the end of Stalinism and the beginning of “the thaw” in Poland.
![Research paper thumbnail of Trois portraits de traductrices polonaises. "Trzy tłumaczki" [Trois traductrices], par Krzysztof Umiński, Wydawnictwo Marginesy, Warszawa 2022, 333 pp.](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95865649/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Romanica Wratislaviensia, 2022
L'ouvrage "Trzy tłumaczki" de Krzysztof Umiński, publié aux éditions Marginesy, esquisse trois po... more L'ouvrage "Trzy tłumaczki" de Krzysztof Umiński, publié aux éditions Marginesy, esquisse trois portraits de traductrices éminentes qui ont rendu en polonais une partie considérable des oeuvres canoniques de la littérature française et anglo-américaine. Les trois femmes auxquelles le titre sobre et succinct renvoie sont Joanna Guze, traductrice de la littérature française, connue surtout pour ses traductions des romans et essais d'Albert Camus, Anna Przedpełska-Trzeciakowska, tra, traductrice des romans de Jane Austen, de William Faulkner et de Charles Dickens, et Maria Skibniewska, auteure de la version polonaise de la trilogie de J.R.R. Tolkien "The Lord of the Rings".