Genetic Response of Citrus Germplasm Against Citrus Leaf Miner (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of commercial citrus cultivars for resistance to citrus leaf miner and its management
To combat the problem of citrus leaf miner (CLM) which is the one of the important cause of Canker disease development, a study was conducted in research area of the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2008-09. Fifteen commercial citrus varieties were screened to find out degree of resistance. Kinnow exhibited the resistant response against CLM attack. Blood red and Mayer developed high CLM populations. Pine apple, mungal singh, jaffa and succari were moderately susceptible to CLM attack, whereas tangerine, malta valentia late, feutral's early, china lemon, grapefruit musambi and sweet lemon showed susceptible response against CLM infestation. Plant extracts Withania somnifera (Aksin), Achyranthes aspera (Akk) and pesticide (Fon 75%WP used to manage the citrus leaf miner under field conditions on these fifteen citrus varieties. The most effective combination was Fon at .3g/l plus Achyranthes aspera at 7.5% against CLM infestation as 17.37 f mean ...
Effect of botanicals on the infestation of citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella stainton
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2016
Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Gracillariidae: Lepidoptera), is a serious and primary pest of citrus and causes extensive damage to new leaf flush in citrus nurseries and orchards. Control of this pest mostly relies on synthetic insecticides and there are no known alternate effective control measures. In this study, effect of different plant extracts was evaluated on the population infestation of citrus leafminer. In this regard, four plants extracts were used viz; neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), datura (Datura stramonium L.) leaf extracts and lime (Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle), kurtuma (Citrullus colocynthis L.) peel extracts with 10, 20 and 30 percent concentrations against citrus leafminer infestation on kinnow nursery seedlings. Spray of plant extracts were repeated three times with the interval of 15 days on selected plants. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Percent population infestation of citru...
Abundance of Citrus Leafminer Larvae on Citrus and Citrus-related Germplasm
HortScience, 2011
The citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a key pest in most citrus-growing regions worldwide. Adult citrus leafminers oviposit primarily on young elongating flush of Citrus as well as other Rutaceae and some ornamental plants. Larvae feed on the epidermal cell layer of developing leaves and injury to leaves provides a pathway for infection by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Hasse), the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker. In this study, we quantified abundance of citrus leafminer larvae on progeny of 87 seed parent genotypes of Citrus and Citrus relatives (family Rutaceae) in the field in East–central Florida to identify those that have low abundance of leafminers. Progeny from the 87 parent genotypes varied in abundance of the leafminer. Progeny of 15 parent genotypes had a high mean abundance of more than six leafminers per flush shoot. All but one of these genotypes were in the Citrus genus. Progeny of 16 parent genot...
Studies on the relationships between seasonal ambient temperatures (weekly average, maximum and minimum) and the relative abundance and incidence of citrus leaf miner (CLM) on plants of different citrus varieties were conducted in citrus nurseries and orchards at two experimental farms in Pakistan by sampling infestations of CLM at weekly intervals from May through September. Significant relationships were found between CLM abundance and incidence and the temperature variables by correlation and regression analyses. Maximum, minimum and average weekly temperatures had consistent positive relations with CLM abundance and incidence, whereas, rainfall and relative humidity had either a negative or no correlation to insect infestation. Relative humidity at one site had a 2 positive correlation with CLM abundance and incidence (R value ranged from 0.29 to 0.72). Linear regression models were formulated with a CLM abundance as a response variable and stepwise addition of max. temp., min. temp, ave. temp. and RH as concomitant variables. Models explained 10-72% of the variation in the data sets based on the values of the regression coefficient. These results are discussed in view of previous studies of relationship of CLM infestation and its environment.
Studies on the relationships between seasonal ambient temperatures (weekly average, maximum and minimum) and the relative abundance and incidence of citrus leaf miner (CLM) on plants of different citrus varieties were conducted in citrus nurseries and orchards at two experimental farms in Pakistan by sampling infestations of CLM at weekly intervals from May through September. Significant relationships were found between CLM abundance and incidence and the temperature variables by correlation and regression analyses. Maximum, minimum and average weekly temperatures had consistent positive relations with CLM abundance and incidence, whereas, rainfall and relative humidity had either a negative or no correlation to insect infestation. Relative humidity at one site had a 2 positive correlation with CLM abundance and incidence (R value ranged from 0.29 to 0.72). Linear regression models were formulated with a CLM abundance as a response variable and stepwise addition of max. temp., min. ...
Menoufia Journal of Plant Protection, 2016
Selected citrus trees represented three varieties (noval orange , sweet orange and mandarin). The aim of this study was to monitor population fluctuation of citrus leaf-miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on noval orange, sweet orange and mandarin , as well as to know the effect of air temperature , relative humidity and dew point on population fluctuation of larvae. The obtained results revealed that number of P. citrella larvae /leaf were more on noval orange than sweet orange and mandarin trees. Phyllocnistis citrella populations increased during summer months and declined during fall and winter. During the study period, 4-5 peaks of pest populations recorded on the summer shoots and 1 peak on the fall and winter shoots. Statistical analysis of the obtained data show that there are positive correlation between population of P. citrella and each of temperature, relative humidity and dew point.
Euphytica, 2009
Leprosis, caused by citrus leprosis virus (CiLV) and transmitted by the tenuipalpid mite Brevipalpus phoenicis, is one of the most important viruses of citrus in the Americas. Sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) are highly susceptible to CiLV, while mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco) and some of their hybrids have higher tolerance or resistance to this disease. The mechanisms involved in the resistance and its inheritance are still largely unknown. To study the quantitative trait loci (QTL; quantitative trait loci) associated with the resistance to CiLV, progeny analyses were established with 143 hybrid individuals of 'Pêra' sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osb.) and 'Murcott' tangor (C. reticulata Blanco 9 C. sinensis L. Osb.) from controlled crossings. Disease assessment of the hybrid individuals was conducted by infesting the plants with viruliferous mites in the field. The experiment consisted of a randomized completely block design with ten replicates. The evaluated phenotypic traits were incidence and severity of the disease on leaves and branches, for a period of 3 years. The MapQTL TM v.4.0 software was used for the identification and location of possible QTL associated with resistance to CiLV on a genetic map obtained from 260 AFLP and 5 RAPD markers. Only consistent QTLs from different phenotypic traits and years of evaluation, with the critical LOD scores to determine the presence or absence of each QTL calculated through the random permutation test, were considered. A QTL was observed and had a significant effect on the phenotypic variation, ranging from 79.4 to 84% depending on which trait (incidence or severity) was assessed. This suggests that few genes are involved in the genetic resistance of citrus to CiLV.
Scientific Reports, 2021
Climate change has not only exacerbated abiotic stress, but has also rendered external conditions more feasible for pests to spread and infest citrus fruit. Citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) is a potential pest that directly feeds the newly sprouted leaves and twigs of all three spring, summer and autumn flushes. Increasing temperatures in spring and autumn, leafminer accrued more heat units or developmental degree days to accelerate the biological stages of its life-cycle, thereby increasing the pressure of infestation. Present work was conducted at three different environmental conditions in Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh (TTS) and Vehari districts of the Punjab province, Pakistan; all three experimental sites were located in different agro-ecological zones. More infestation was recorded in all three flushes at TTS and Vehari than in Sargodha. Overall, more damage was observed due to higher temperatures in TTS and Vehari than in Sargodha. After May–June heat stress, spontaneous ...
The citrus leaf miner (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidptera: Gracillariidae), is a potentially serious pest of citrus (oranges, mandarins, lemons, limes, grapefruit and other varieties) and related Rutaceae (kumquat and calamondin) and ornamen tal plants almost worldwide. Several other hosts (Leguminaceae, Lauraceae, Oleaceae etc.) have been reported for CLM, however larvae do not complete their life cycle on these incompatible hosts. CLM is a widespread Asian species, first described from Calcu tta, India. It has been a widely distributed major pest in citrus - growing regions of Asia for many years. In the last 20 years, leaf miners have invaded most of the citrus - producing regions of the world, including the Mediterranean Basin and North, Central , and South America. The citrus leaf miner larvae only infest the younger, flushing foliage causing damage in nurseries and new plantings because of which the growth of young trees is retarded. The pest damage has shown a 50% increase in citrus canker in o rchards infested with CLM. The total generation period of CLM fluctuates between 13 - 52 days with 2 - 10 days for egg hatching, 5 - 20 days of larval period and 6 - 22 days of pupal development and a temperature of 30°C is optimal for CLM development. Depending o n foliage flushing cycles and weather conditions 6 to 13 generations per year can be expected. Peak pest activity was noticed during September to November months. In the management of this pest chemical control and b iological control are the two key tools . The complex of natural enemies attacking CLM include ants, spiders, small parasitic wasps and predators such as lacewings cau sing up to 90 percent mortality of larvae and pupae . Three of the most effective wasps are Ageniaspis citricola and Cirrospilus quadristriatus and Semiolacher petiolatus. The parasitisation rate was lower in June and July, being higher from August onwards and highest during September month. Unfortunately, the "best" natural enemy may not be found until all natural enemies and their biologies are known. Effective chemical control of CLM is difficult because the larva is protected by leaf cuticle and the pupa is protected by rolled leaf margins. However many pesticides belonging to different chemical groups were tested and found effec tive in its management. Several reports indicated that, the foliar application provides control for two weeks. Several bio - rational pesticides were tested and found useful in CLM management. The biology and management methods were reviewed in detail in thi s paper.