The Potency of Alpinia galanga as Natural Antioxidant (original) (raw)
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In-vitro anti-oxidant studies on ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga linn
ABSTRACT Background: The free radical scavenging activity by in-vitro antioxidant assay is performed on ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules produced as a by-product during metabolism of oxygen. From the current understanding of patho-physiology, it is extensively proved about the positive role of reactive oxygen species in degenerative disease. Nature has provided abundant fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants with rich source of antioxidants as the natural defense against free radical induced damage to living organism. Methods: The Present study is to screen and document the antioxidant property of Alpinia galanga from Zingiberaceae family by lipid per oxidation, nitric oxide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging in vitro antioxidant assay. Results: The results are the percentage inhibitory concentration (IC) of Alpinia galanga are as follows IC50 102.70 mcg/ml, IC50 63.35 mcg/ml and IC50 8.80 mcg/ml and for control vitamin E is IC50 29 mcg/ml, IC50 15 mcg/ml and IC50 18 mcg/ml by Lipid per oxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil and nitric oxide free radical scavenging activity respectively. Conclusions: The Alpinia galnga root ethanolic ectract from zingiberacia family has significant nitric oxide free radical scavenging activity.
Antioxidant activities and antioxidative components in extracts of Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw
Kasetsart Journal, …, 2009
Galangal extracted using 50% ethanol in water was studied for its antioxidant activity and composition in comparison with two other samples based on a water extract and the essential oil. The antioxidant activities were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods. The ethanolic extract showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging ability as well as the highest ORAC value when compared to the water extract and the essential oil. The IC 50 values of the galangal ethanolic extract (10.66 mg/ml), water extract (55.48 mg/ml) and essential oil (455.43 mg/ml) were higher than those of α-tocopherol (1.45 mg/ml) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA; 0.41 mg/ml). The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of galangal extracts were lower than that of BHA, the commercial synthetic antioxidant generally used in food. The ethanolic extract contained the highest concentrations of total phenolic compounds (31.49 mgGAE/g) and flavonoids (13.78 mgCE/g). The water extract and the essential oil had a total phenolic content of 8.25 and 5.01 mgGAE/g and a total flavonoid content of 1.48 and 0.20 mgCE/g, respectively. Antioxidants in the galangal essential oil, namely, methyl eugenol (4,130.38 µg/g), chavicol (2,390.45 µg/g), and eugenol (728.30 µg/g) were found in its volatile fraction. The water extract contained mainly myricetin (14.60 mg/g extract) and an unknown phenolic compound. The major antioxidants in the ethanolic extract were 1´-acetoxycavichol acetate (10.56 mg/g extract), catechin (1.74 mg/g extract), and three unknown subtances. In addition to the phenolic compounds, 1´-acetoxycavichol acetate (ACA) could play an important role in the antioxidant activity of galangal. The ethanolic extract of galangal was also advantageous as an antioxidant in food due to its mild odor compared with the essential oil.
Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Alpinia calcarata Rosc. Rhizome
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2017
Alpinia calcarata belonging to the family of Zingiberaceae is commonly found in Bangladesh and has been conventionally used in medicine systems for the prevention of many diseased conditions. The present study was conducted to explore the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Alpinia calcarata rhizome (EEACR). EEACR was studied for the quantitative estimation of phenolic, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and flavonol compounds. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using several in vitro standard methods. EEACR was subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify its phytoconstituents. EEACR contained a good amount of phenol, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and flavonol. The IC50 value of the ethanol extract in the DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation inhibition and ferrous chelating assay were 6.044, 5.266, 25.13, 21.88, and 63.33μg/ml, respectively. EEACR also showed remarkable ferric reducing and total antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of EEACR were pos...
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Macerated Alpinia Galanga Stems and Leaves
ASEAN Engineering Journal, 2020
Alpinia galanga (A. galanga) is a popular culinary ingredient as well as medicinal herb commonly found in Southeast Asia. Compared to the rhizome of A. galanga, the leaves and stems are always being discarded as waste. In this research, active compounds from the stem and leaves of this plant were extracted using maceration technique with ethanol as solvent at a liquid-solid ratio of 20 ml/g. The influence of maceration time and maceration temperature on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities of extract were studied using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively. The maceration time was from 1 to 5 hr and the maceration temperature was examined from 40 ºC to 70 ºC. Crude extract yield for stems and leaves obtained for all parameters of the maceration process was ˃11%. The highest TPC for leaves was obtained at 1 hr (0.038± 0.02 mg GAE/mg DW) and stems at 4 hr (0.024 ± 0.01 mg GAE/mg DW). Similar trend was also observed for antioxidant act...
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
Since last few decades, there has been an exponential growth in popularising herbal medicine owing to its natural origin and lesser side effects while curing different ailments in the body. The present study was undertaken to reveal the effect of solvent (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) on phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity of Alpinia calcarata rhizome. Methanolic extract had highest phenolic content (21.08 mg/g GAE) followed by ethanolic (17.52) and aqueous extract (8.91 mg/g). DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be highest in ethanolic extract (83.9%) and lowest in aqueous extract (58.01%). However, ABTS activity was found to be highest in methanolic extract (7.1 mg trolox/g) and lowest in aqueous extract (5.6 mg/g). Similar observations were found for Nitric oxide (NO) and FRAP activity. The metal chelating activity (MCA) was highest in ethanolic extract (84.6%) and lowest in methanolic extract (80.7%). This implied the potentiality ethanolic extract of Alpinia rhizome powder to be used in food and herbal industries for the preparation of nutraceutical compounds and herbal supplements.
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2014
Oxidative stress associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is believed to be involved not only in the toxicity of xenobiotics but also pathophysiology in various tissue damages. The toxicity of organs such as liver, heart, kidney, brain etc., are associated with the metabolic activation of foreign compounds to form free radicals or with the production of ROS such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide radicals, etc. These are responsible for tissue damaging effects such as lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. (1) Plant-based drugs produced very less side effects than allopathic drugs. Plant contains enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and non-enzymatic antioxidants [vitamin C and total reduced glutathione (TRG)] to scavenge free radicals produced by ROS and protect organ from ROS-induced oxidative stress. (2) Medicinal plants have been used to cure disease since antiquity. Plants still constitute one of the major sources of drugs in modern as well as traditional medicine throughout the world. (3) Natural products such as herbs, fruits and vegetables become popular in recent years due to public awareness and increasing interest among consumers and scientifi c community. (4) Alpinia is the largest genus in ginger family in which Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. is a very popular garden plant in India. (5) Rhizome has sharp odour, improves appetite, taste and voice. It is also used for headache, rheumatism, sore throat and renal disease. (6) Phytochemical studies on Alpinia purpurata revealed that it possess flavonoids, rutin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-oliucronide. (7) The phytochemical constituents of Alpinia purpurata promote
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant and free radipotentials of the mixture ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Alpinia speciosa and Alpinia calcarata. Methods: The ethanolic mixture extract of rhizomes was prepared in the ratio of 50:50 of Alpinia speciosa and Alpinia calcarata was subjected to the analysis of phytochemicals, total phenolics and flavonoid contents and free radical scavenging activities such as DPPH, Nitric oxide radical, Superoxide radical, Hydroxyl radical, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, reducing power and Metal ion-chelating activities were determined. Results: The rhizome mixture extract showed total antioxidant content, good flavonoid and moderate amounts of phenolics content. In DPPH, Nitric oxide and Superoxide radical scavenging activity, IC50 was found 136.22±3.44 µg/ml, 53.67±0.47µg/ml, 74.20±1.48µg/ml respectively with the standard ascorbic acid [3.61±0.20 µg/ml, 49.06±0.18 µg/ml and 39.81±0.22 µg/ml]. For the Hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, the IC50 Conclusion: The results of present study showed that mixture ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Alpinia speciosa and Alpinia calcarata possesses high potential antioxidant activity and could be a potential source a natural antioxidant that could have great importance as therapeutic agents in preventing oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases. values were 42.02±2.51 µg/ml with the standard Rutin [17.15±0.02 µg/ml]. The Ferric reducing antioxidant power was found 497.32±7.49 mmol/Fe (II)g with the standard Ascorbic acid 1956.20±74.08 mmol/Fe (II)g. The Metal chelating activity was found 96.23±0.39 mg EDTA/g sample with the standard ascorbic acid 205.86±0.53 mg EDTA/g sample. The reducing power was determined, the concentrations 20 µg/ml absorbance of the rhizome mixture was 0.05 and 100 µg/ml absorbance 0.14 with the standard ascorbic acid was absorbance 0.54 and 2.0.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Objective: The present study was to determine in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga. Methods: The phytochemical screening of rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard procedures. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminium chloride reagents. The various antioxidant assays and cytotoxic assays (MTT) for Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard methods (DPPH radical scavenging assay, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Reducing power assay, Phosphomolybdenum reduction assay). Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins. The phenolic content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 454.05 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 480.13 μg/mg and was expressed as gallic acid equivalent. The flavonoid content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 36.34 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 67.68 μg/mg and was expressed as quercetin equivalent. In DPPH assay, Alpinia galanga showed 95.36% whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 54.54% at 120 μg/ml. The maximum NO • Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study indicate that rhizome of Alpinia galanga are abundant in phenols and flavanoids which may be useful for the development of the anticancer drug. radical scavenging activity was 59.44% for Alpinia calcarata and was 73.10% for Alpinia galanga at 120 µg/ml concentration. The maximum reducing property was found at the 120 μg/ml of aqueous extract of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga which was higher than the Alpinia calcarata. In Phosphomolybdenum assay, the aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga were 55.47% and 78.38% respectively. The results of the present investigation indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed the highest antioxidant activity in all the assays than Alpinia galanga. The cytotoxicity assay results indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed 88.36% cell viability whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 73.59% cell viability.
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015
Galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) is a pungent and aromatic rhizome, which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). The rhizomes of this plant have been used as a traditional medicine in far east countries for relieving stomach ache, invigorating the circulatory system, treating colds, and reducing swelling. The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant and anticholinergic properties of galanga. For this purpose, we elucidated the antioxidant activity of water (WEG), ethanol (EEG) and water/ethanol (50:50 v/v WEEG) extracts of galanga by different in vitro antioxidant assays. Radical scavenging activities of galanga extracts were performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH •) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS • +) radical scavenging assays. Also, reducing power galanga extracts were evaluated by Cu 2+-Cu + reducing (CUPRAC) and Fe 3+-Fe 2+ reducing and [Fe 3+ − (TPTZ) 2 ] 3+-[Fe 2+-(TPTZ) 2 ] 2+ (FRAP) abilities. Finally, Fe 2+ chelating activity by pipyrdyl reagent and anticholinergic activities of galanga extracts were realised. All galanga extracts demonstrated antioxidant activity. ␣-Tocopherol ((2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)]-6chromanol), trolox (3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were used as positive controls. On the other hand, IC 50 values were calculated for DPPH • , ABTS • + scavenging Fe 2+ chelating, and anticholinergic effects of galanga extracts. This study clearly showed that galanga had marked antioxidant, anticholinergic effect, reducing ability, radical scavenging and metal binding activities.
Antioxidant potential, cytotoxic activity and total phenolic content of Alpinia pahangensis rhizomes
2013
BACKGROUND: Alpinia pahangensis, a wild ginger distributed in the lowlands of Pahang, Malaysia, is used by the locals to treat flatulence. In this study, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the crude aqueous methanol and fractionated extracts of Alpinia pahangensis against five different cancer and one normal cell lines were investigated. The total phenolic content of each extract and its fractions were also quantified. This is the first report on the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Alpinia pahangensis extract. METHODS: In the current study, the crude methanol and fractionated extract of the rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis were investigated for their antioxidant activity using four different assays namely, the DPPH scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging, beta-carotene bleaching and reducing power assays whilst their phenolic contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu's method.In vitro neutral red cytotoxicity assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity against five different cancer cell lines, colon cancer (HCT 116 and HT-29), cervical cancer (Ca Ski), breast cancer (MCF7) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines, and one normal cell line (MRC-5). The extract that showed high cytotoxic activity was further investigated for its chemical constituents by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis. RESULTS: The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging (0.35 +/- 0.094 mg/ml) and SOD activities (51.77 +/- 4.9%) whilst the methanol extract showed the highest reducing power and also the strongest antioxidant activity in the beta-carotene bleaching assays in comparison to other fractions. The highest phenolic content was found in the ethyl acetate fraction, followed by the crude methanol extract, hexane and water fractions. The results showed a positive correlation between total phenolic content with DPPH radical scavenging capacities and SOD activities. The hexane fraction showed potent cytotoxic effect against KB, Ca Ski and HCT 116 cell lines with IC50 of 5.8 +/- 0.1 and 9.1 +/- 2.0 ug/ml, respectively. The major components of hexane fraction analysed by GC-MS analysis were mostly methyl esters. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of A. pahangensis is a potential source of natural antioxidant for protective as well as prevention of life-threatening diseases. The hexane fraction of A. pahangensis may have the potential to be developed into therapeutic option for treating cancer.