Contemporary Issue in Sport Psychology (original) (raw)
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Sports Pre-Competitive Anxiety Levels among Good and Poor Performing Intercollegiate Athletes
sjesr, 2021
Pre-competitive anxiety refers to the unpleasant emotional state of individuals. It is normal for every athlete to feel nervous before a sports competition. The pre-competitive anxiety levels in the current study examined three features i.e. somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and cognitive anxiety between the sample of poor and good performing athletes. The assessment has been made by using competitive state anxiety inventory -2 (CSAI-2), which is composed of 27 items distributed in equal three subscales of pre-competitive anxiety. The sample of the study was composed of 180 performers of different sports, into groups of 90 each good and poor performer whose ages were between 16 to 27 years. Data collected has been analyzed using a T-test. A significant difference has been found in all of the components of pre-competitive anxiety i.e. cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and somatic anxiety among good performers and poor performers.
Advanced Research on Sport Psychology
2015
Sports psychologists have long believed that high levels of cognitive anxiety during competition are harmful, worsening performance and even leading to dropout. The instrument used for the study comprised of a 27-item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 and The Psychological Performance Inventory which had been distributed during sport between universities competition. The sample consisted of 119 football players, including the national athletes (N=37), state athletes (N=23), district athletes (N=23) and university athletes (N= 36).The results showed that elite or national football athletes exhibited lower levels of cognitive anxiety, F (3, 119) = 16.310, p
EFFECT OF COMPETITION ANXIETY ON ATHLETES SPORTS PERFORMANCE: IMPLICATION FOR COACH
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of competition anxiety upon sports performance of elite athletes who took part in the "31st National Games held in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's (KP), Pakistan. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-eight (N=128) males= 88, females= 40; Age 21.9 +/-1.5 years; Sports Experience, 8.9 +/-1.7 years) provided the required information on 15-items Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). The history of sports performance of athletes was obtained during breaks within competitive fixtures. Main Findings: The analyzed data revealed that competitive anxiety is responsible for 38% change in sports performance. Furthermore, the relationship is moderate negative identifying that an increase in competitive anxiety decreases the sports performance of athletes (r=-0.386, P=.002). Additionally, comparative analyses indicated that female athletes and athletes from individual sports showed higher levels of Competition Anxiety, while male athletes and athletes with team sport reported lower levels of Competition Anxiety (P <.005). Implications of the study: This gender impact is critical and significant showing decisive implications for the coaches and trainers. These findings were explored in light of the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for designing sport psychology programs in Pakistan for athletes from various contexts. Novelty: The findings indicate that competitive trait anxiety can harm the success, and indicate that certain PL athletes can benefit from therapies that seek to decrease anxiety before and during competition.
Measuring anxiety in athletics: the revised competitive state anxiety inventory-2
Journal of Sport Exercise Psychology, 2003
The purpose of this study was to use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to revise the factor structure of the CSAI-2 using one data set, and then to use CFA to validate the revised structure using a second data set. The first data set (calibration sample) consisted of 503 college-age intramural athletes, and the second (validation sample) consisted of 331 intercollegiate (Division I) and interscholastic athletes. The results of the initial CFA on the calibration sample resulted in a poor fit to the data. Using the Lagrange Multiplier Test (Gamma) as a guide, CSAI-2 items that loaded on more than one factor were sequentially deleted. The resulting 17-item revised CSAI-2 was then subjected to a CFA using the validation data sample. The results of this CFA revealed a good fit of the data to the model (CFI = .95, NNFI = .94, RMSEA = .054). It is suggested that the CSAI-2R instead of the CSAI-2 be used by researchers and practitioners for measuring competitive state anxiety in athletes.
A STUDY ON PRE AND POST COMPETITIVE STATE ANXIETY AMONG THE ATHLETES
RUBICON PUBLICATIONS, 2020
This study investigates and evaluates pre and post competitive anxiety, self-confidence and performance of the athletes. The Cognitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 was administered to collect data from 73 athletes, both men and women, before and after the competition, who participated in the Reliance Foundation Youth Sports (RFYS)-Athletics, held at Gachibowli Stadium, Hyderabad. Paired t-test was used to find the significant difference between the pre and post competition. Results showed that the levels of cognitive state anxiety before the competition was low as compared after the competition and the levels of somatic state anxiety before the competition was high as compared after the competition whereas the levels of self-confidence before the competition was high as compared after the competition. This study concludes that the levels of cognitive state anxiety increases after the competition as athletes could not perform according to the performance expectations on the contrary the levels of somatic anxiety decreases as there was no pressure of performance on the athletes after the competition and the levels of self-confidence decreases after the competition as athletes could not reach their desired performance levels.
The level of anxiety as a facilitating or inhibiting factor in sports performance
The „Black Sea” Journal of Psychology, 2023
The research part of the paper is based on four hypotheses that aim to verify the following correlations: correlations between sports anxiety and anxiety as a feature, then between cognitive anxiety and self-esteem, correlations between anxiety in team sports and individual sports. Sport anxiety and sport performance were also investigated, as well as exploring sport anxiety to reduce it and increase athletes' sport performance. Regarding this, three online questionnaires were administered to a group of 90 athletes (48 from individual sports and 42 from team sports) of both female and male gender, for a period of 6 months. The team sports were basketball and football and the individual sports were gymnastics, martial arts and wrestling. The respective questionnaires represented the research instruments and were as follows: ASQ, Rosemberg and CSAI 2. The research aimed to find out through the results obtained whether anxiety in its forms, as a characteristic, or cognitive influences positively or negatively the performance outcomes of athletes. At the same time, it was found that self-esteem represents an important factor in helping to reduce cognitive anxiety, and even more importantly, it helps athletes to use anxiety effectively. It has been found that sports performance is affected by anxiety, especially in elite athletes, who feel a major pressure on their way to competitive success. Correlations between the ASQ and subscales of the CSAI-2 test found that anxious individuals already have a background for developing greater sport anxiety, interpreting certain situations negatively, compared to individuals who are more positive.
The Effects of Anxiety on Sports Performance
BSSS Journal of Management, 2024
This study investigates, from a cognitive-behavioural standpoint, the connection between anxiety and performance. Previous studies in this field show that anxiety is the main cause of consultations with sports psychologists. An examination of the theoretical foundations of anxiety and its relationship to performance is included. There is also discussion of research on the connection between anxiety and performance. There is also an exploration of the cognitivebehavioural therapies that have been applied in the field of athletics to improve performance and reduce anxiety. The conclusion includes a number of recommendations for further research as well as useful suggestions.
2009
Sports give so many opportunities for growth, socialization, physical development, camaraderie, and learning but there is another side. That side is where psychopathology can exist. Psychopathology can exist in many forms for the athlete. Some examples are depression, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety. After 30 years of involvement in athletics as either a coach or player, one begins to wonder how psychopathology comes into being and what can be done to help alleviate it. Research has discovered that anxiety can be the fuel for both good and bad performances. Just the thought of competition can have an athlete feeling nauseated and out of breath as well as thoughts of doubt about his or her ability. This may not happen to everyone. The level and symptoms of anxiety one experiences depends on the make up of that individual. There is no one mold for determining who will perform best, it is based upon one’s interpretations and experiences of the anxiety. One athlete’s arousal may be called excitement and another’s competitive anxiety. Therefore, the question becomes how is anxiety defined. How much anxiety is too much – when does it become pathological? What specifics play a role in the creation of detrimental anxiety on performance? Is the desire to be successful or competitive producing aspects like perfectionism, approval seeking, and lack of self-efficacy? Are there external as well as internal pressures/stressors? What can be done to ease the competitive anxiety of an athlete? How can one use the anxiety to produce positive outcomes? It is the goal of this research to answer these questions and possibly more. To begin, a definition of anxiety is prudent. The definitions and theories will open doors to understanding the wind of anxiety as well as how it manifests in sports and affects performance. It is the hope that after the doors open, one may be able to recognize what to use to regulate the wind and calm the storm.
Changes in state anxiety prior to competition : sport and exercise psychology
It has been shown that competitive anxiety can negatively affect athletic performance. Psychological interventions must be used in the pre-competition period to prevent the debilitative effects of state anxiety. The aim of the present study was to investigate the temporal changes in state anxiety in the period leading up to competition. Male high school swimmers (N=62) participated in the study. A cross-sectional quantitative research design that used the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) to measure state anxiety was employed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Baseline and precompetitive state anxiety scores were analyzed by means of the paired t-test. The results showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.000) between state anxiety scores measured at baseline (seven days before the competition) and at precompetition (one hour before competition). Again, there were significant differences between baseline and precompetit...
A Comparison Study and Investigation on Sport Competition Attributive Anxiety among Elite Athletes
Anxiety is one of the mental disorders in human being, which can influence the performance of each person, especially while doing physical activities and sports. Anxiety is defined in two major levels: Attributive Anxiety and Conditional Anxiety. Anxiety is one of the most popular forms of excitement among athletes in sport competitions, and when it lasts for a long period it will increase the muscular tensions and reduce the level of performance. As a matter of fact, the role of anxiety in sports and competitions is noticeable and important. This survey, compare and investigate the sport competition attributive anxiety among male athletes who had taken part in national university championships (Iran) . The statistical population in this research was 252 male athletes from football, futsal , Table Tennis and Badminton disciplines. The mean age was 24 and the standard of deviation was 2.6. The instrument for evaluations was the special questionnaire of Sport Competition Attributive Anxiety Test (SCAT) developed by Renner Martins, which has 15 questions. The perceptive statistical methods for comparing the mean of sport disciplines anxiety was one way ANOVA and LSD test, and one sample T-Test was used for comparing the anxiety in individual and team event competitions. One sample Kolmogorov Smirnov (K-S) test was used for examining the symmetry of the distributions, which showed that the selected test was not significant (P>0.05) and the distribution of collected data was normal. There is a significant relation between the sport competition attributive anxiety in athletes who participate in individual sports with their ages (P<0.01, r=0.504) There is a significant differences between the sport competition attributive anxiety among the above athletes participated in sport disciplines (P<0.05, F=8.25) Anxiety in sport psychology is one of the major aspects for controlling the situation and the conditions of athlete and competition; while anxiety could be under your control and kept in a acceptable values, we would expect the better outcome and performance from the athlete. Keywords: Anxiety, Sport Competition Attributive Test (SCAT), Athlete.