Biosorption of reactive dye from aqueous media using Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass. Equilibrium and kinetic study (original) (raw)
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Biosorption of reactive dyes from aqueous media using the Bacillus sp. residual biomass
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
The goal of this work is to make use of residual biomass that, although it results in large quantities from biotechnological processes, is not reported to be valorized in dye adsorption processes, except in a few applications. The biosorption potential of Bacillus sp. residual biomass in a textile dye removal (i.e. reactive Brilliant Red HE-3B dye) from aqueous media was studied. The waste biomass, resulting from a process of removing fatty acids from wastewater, was immobilized in the sodium alginate and used for biosorption of the dye from aqueous solution using the batch system. Experimental data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir (I and II), and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. Equilibrium data were best fitted by Langmuir I isotherm with a biosorption capacity of about 588.235 mg/g at 20°C. Also, the results confirm that the biosorption process is carried out with much better results for the smaller biosorbent granules (Φ1 = 0.5 mm). The obtained results in the batch system revealed that the reactive dye biosorption process using immobilized residual biomass is a physical-chemical process corresponding to good results at room temperature (20°C-25°C). Thus, this residual biomass is a promising adsorptive material for the biosorption of reactive dyes from aqueous media.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
In the last decade, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been considered for the biosorption of dye because of its availability, unique nature, and capacity for dye sorption. In this study, dried S. cerevisiae was studied for the biosorption of Levafix brilliant blue (LBB) dye. Influence of operational parameters such as solution pH, temperature, initial dyes concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time was examined. Optimization of operational parameters shows that optimum concentrations for maximum LBB sorption by S. cerevisiae was 100 mg/L after 10-15 min at pH 3, and yeast biomass of 0.05 g at 30°C-45°C. Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies were conducted for the biosorption of the dye onto heat pretreated yeast biosorbent. The obtained data from the experiment were analyzed utilizing four isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm presented the best performance with the calculated values of biosorption capacities of 83.33, 172, 99, and 66.70 mg g −1 for the temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C respectively, demonstrating that too high temperature has a negative effect on the biosorption capacity of LBB. Biosorption kinetics were determined utilizing three kinetic models and it was revealed that the biosorption follows the pseudo-second-order model with a correlation coefficient as high as (R 2 = 1). The thermodynamic examination of the test demonstrated the procedure was feasible and unconstrained and the biosorption was controlled by the physisorption process as shown by the ΔG values in the range of 0 and 20 kJ/mol. The highest value of E gotten from the D-R isotherm model was 0.4 kJ/mol which further confirm that the biosorption was control by physical process. Thus, the obtained results suggest that inactive S. cerevisiae can be an efficient and cheap option to expensive activated carbon for the treatment of dye wastewater.
Materials
Using various techniques, natural polymers can be successfully used as a matrix to immobilize a residual microbial biomass in a form that is easy to handle, namely biosorbents, and which is capable of retaining chemical species from polluted aqueous media. The biosorption process of reactive Brilliant Red HE-3B dye on a new type of biosorbent, based on a residual microbial biomass of Saccharomyces pastorianus immobilized in sodium alginate, was studied using mathematical modeling of experimental data obtained under certain conditions. Different methods, such as computer-assisted statistical analysis, were applied, considering all independent and dependent variables involved in the reactive dye biosorption process. The optimal values achieved were compared, and the experimental data supported the possibility of using the immobilized residual biomass as a biosorbent for the studied reference dye. The results were sufficient to perform dye removals higher than 70–85% in an aqueous solu...
Colloids and Surfaces B-biointerfaces, 2010
This study addresses removal of a basic dye, methylene blue, from aqueous solutions by using dried Ulothrix sp. biomass as biosorbent. The effects of the initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, solution equilibrium pH, biosorbent dosage, and mixing rate on biosorption of the dye have been investigated. It was found that 30 min is sufficient in order to reach adsorption equilibrium. The amount of methylene blue adsorbed onto Ulothrix sp. increased with increasing equilibrium pH and mixing rate, in contrary, it decreased with increasing temperature and sorbent dosage. The process followed the pseudosecond-order kinetic model. The isosteric enthalpy and entropy values were calculated as −11.8 kJ/mol and 37.5 J/(mol K), respectively. In addition, the results suggest that the physical interactions between sorbent particles and sorbate ions play an important role for the adsorption of methylene blue onto the biosorbent.
2014
Biosorption potential of sunflower seed hull to remove reactive textile dye contaminated solutions was the purpose of this investigation. Azure A chloride dye was chosen as a model for this investigation. Pretreatment, initial pH, biomass dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature were evaluated in batch mode studies. Preliminary results indicate that acid and base pretreatment affected the dye biosorption properties of the milled hull. Particles retained on the ASTM sieves 250 µm and 425 µm had the highest biosorption capacity. The optimum pH for azure dye biosorption was 6.0, and the values of percent dye biosorbed and biosorption capacity increased with contact time and dosage of dried sunflower seed hull (DSSH). Batch equilibrium data obtained at different temperatures (22.5, 25, 30, 35, 35, 40 and 45 o C) were modeled by Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. Langmuir and Freudlich isotherms model fitted the equilibrium data, at all studied temperatures. The highest monolayer biosorption capacity was found to be 22.27mg g-1 dry biomass at 40 o C. The changes in Gibbs free energy (ΔG *), enthalpy (ΔH *) and entropy (ΔS *) of biosorption were also evaluated for the biosorption of Azure dye onto DSSH. The results indicate that the biosorption was spontaneous and exothermic. The kinetic properties were studied; the data fitted the first and pseudo second order model at room temperature (22.5 o C). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was observed to provide the best correlation of the experimental data among the kinetic models studied. The biosorbent-dye interaction mechanisms were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Biosorption of reactive dye by waste biomass of Nostoc linckia
Potential of spent biomass of a cyanobacterium, Nostoc linckia HA 46, from a hydrogen bioreactor was studied for biosorption of a textile dye, reactive red 198. The waste biomass was immobilized in calcium alginate and used for biosorption of the dye from aqueous solution using response surface methodology (RSM). Kinetics of the dye in aqueous solution was studied in batch mode. Interactive effects of initial dye concentration (100-500 mg/L), pH (2-6) and temperature (25-45 • C) on dye removal were examined using Box-Behnken design. Maximum adsorption capacity of the immobilized biomass was 93.5 mg/g at pH 2.0, initial concentration of 100 mg/L and 35 • C temperature, when 94% of the dye was removed. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) studies revealed that biosorption was mainly mediated by functional groups like hydroxyl, amide, carboxylate, methyl and methylene groups present on the cell surface.
Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the biosorption of reactive black 5 dye by Aspergillus foetidus
Bioresource Technology, 2008
An isolated fungus, Aspergillus foetidus had the ability to decolourize growth unsupportive medium containing 100 mg L À1 of reactive black 5 (RB5) dye with >99% efficiency at acidic pH (2-3). Pre-treatment of fungal biomass by autoclaving or exposure to 0.1 M sodium hydroxide facilitated more efficient uptake of dye as compared to untreated fungal biomass. Pre-equilibrium biosorption of RB5 dye onto fungus under different temperatures followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model with high degree of correlation coefficients (R 2 > 0.99). Biosorption isotherm data fitted better into Freundlich model for lower concentrations of dye probably suggesting the heterogeneous nature of sorption process. Based on the Langmuir isotherm plots the maximum biosorption capacity (Q 0) value was calculated to be 106 mg g À1 at 50°C for fungal biomass pre-treated with 0.1 M NaOH. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the biosorption process was favourable, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Recovery of both adsorbate (dye) and adsorbent (fungal biomass) was possible using sodium hydroxide. Recovered fungal biomass could be recycled number of times following desorption of dye using 0.1 M NaOH. Fungal biomass pre-treated with NaOH was efficient in decolourizing solution containing mixture of dyes as well as composite raw industrial effluent generated from leather, pharmaceutical and dye manufacturing company.
Biosorption of anionic textile dyes by nonviable biomass of fungi and yeast
Bioresource Technology, 2007
The nonviable biomass of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus japonica, Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus arrhizus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were screened for biosorption of textile dyes. The selected anionic reactive dyes were C.I. Reactive Black 8, C.I. Reactive Brown 9, C.I. Reactive Green 19, C.I. Reactive Blue 38, and C.I. Reactive Blue 3. Experiments were conducted at initial dye concentration of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L. The effect of initial dye concentration, dose of biosorbent loading, temperature, and pH on adsorption kinetics was studied. S. cerevisiae and R. nigricans were good biosorbents at initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, 1 g% (w/v) biomass loading and 29 ± 1°C. R. nigricans adsorbed 90-96% dye in 15 min, at 20°C and pH 6.0. The data showed an optimal fit to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum uptake capacity (Q o ) for the selected dyes was in the range 112-204 mg/g biomass.
In this work, factorial design analysis based on central composite design of experiments was employed to study the effect of process parameters for biosorption of Reactive Red-84 dye onto bioethanol fermentation spent waste biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Factorial experiments with five factors: mixing rate rpm, incubation period h, process temperature °C, initial dye concentration mg/L and biosorbent dosage wt% (w/v) at three levels were conducted. A highly statistically significant quadratic model at 95% confidence level (p < 0.0001, R2 0.9120 and R2adj 0.8519) was developed to characterize the influence of the different considered variables on biosorption efficiency. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the process, recording maximum biosorption % of ≈62% (51.67 mg/g) at 90 rpm, 13 h, 15°C, 100 mg/L and 0.6%, respectively. Approximately 95% of adsorbed dye was desorbed by elution with NaOH solution of pH 9 and the regenerated biosorbent was employed for four successive cycles. TiO2 nanoparticles 6–15 nm were prepared and used for photo-catalytic degradation of desorbed dye solution. The proposed integrating biosorption and photo-catalytic degradation process results in no secondary pollution in the form of any concentrated wastes, which is an important environmental aspect.