Cashew Production and Breeding in 5 West African Countries (original) (raw)
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Cashew production benefits and opportunities in Ethiopia: A Review
Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is among the major edible nuts with increasing demand in the global market. The tree is native to Brazil and first introduced to India and Africa in the 16 th century by Portuguese traders with the intention of afforestation and soil conservation, and gradually expanded throughout the world. Today, it has been widely grown mainly for its nuts to be used as food, medicine, and source of income in most tropical regions with the largest coverage found in Brazil, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, and several countries in West and East Africa. The increasing demand for raw cashew nut from processors has made the crop to be the major source of foreign exchange in most developing countries. However, despite the huge potential to produce Cashew in Ethiopia, only little is known about its current production, potential benefits, and opportunities in Ethiopia, mainly due to lack of knowledge and awareness. Hence, this paper provides an overview of cashew uses, available opportunities for its production in Ethiopia and the way forward.
Sustainability
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the West African region has highly diverse agro-climatic conditions, which grant the potential for a remarkable agricultural production of a great diversity of crops. Since the 1980s, the production volumes of most crops have grown vigorously for both domestic and export markets. Traditional food crops-such as rice, groundnuts and sorghum-have been replaced by cash crops, namely cashew. Among the main cashew production areas, West Africa is the most recent and dynamic in the world, accounting for 45% of the worldwide production of cashew nuts in 2015. In consequence, cashew cultivation has acquired an important position in West African smallholder farming, providing positive economic and social effects. In this paper, we provide an overview of the cashew production system in the West African region, using Guinea-Bissau as a case study. In particular, we present some viewpoints concerning the impact of cashew production and discuss how the strong dependence on a single cash crop can compromise the local livelihoods and food security. Finally, some insights are given towards the sustainable production of cashew in the face of the recent risks affecting the agricultural sector in West Africa.
Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2020
The sector faces many difficulties, in particular the mastery of the different varieties and the germination aptitudes by the planters. This study is therefore a contribution to the characterization of the diversity of cashew accessions in the northern zone of Cameroon as well as their germination performance. Physical characteristics such as: fruit weight, apple length, apple weight, nut weight and length, and seed coat color were assessed in this study.It appears that the morphological characteristics of the fruit vary according to production areas. Analysis of variance confirmed a significant difference in the morphological characteristics of cashew fruit between the four study areas (P-value <0.05), except the ratio of the weight apple and nut. The fruits of Ngaoundéré area have the best characteristics in terms of fruit weight (140.66 ± 14.24 g), length of head (75.11 ± 5.60 mm), the length of nuts (41, 63 ± 1.34 mm), apple weight (126.87 ± 13.99 mm) and nuts weight (13.78 ±...
Assessment of Nigeria's cashew industry: panacea for food security
Agricultural Society of Nigeria, 2022
This study was carried out to assess cashew industry in Nigeria. Trend analysis was carried out to observe cashew yield, quantity produced and area(s) where it is harvested in Nigeria from 1990 to 2020. The study observed a sharp decline in cashew production around 2011 and 2012. Although there had been improvement in the on-farm production of cashew in Nigeria in recent years, the fact remains that the country has not been able to match its production levels of the early 2000s. It is also recommended that government invest massively in cashew research as this will encourage collaboration among stakeholders and scientists to come up with ideas on how to tackle the challenges besetting the cashew sector both locally and globally. Cashew is not just a cash crop; it also serves as a source of food material for households. Hence, the role of cashew in food security in Nigeria could become very vital if production levels are improved. ereby improving their ability to afford other food products and also increase the local consumption of cashew. Therefore, efforts geared towards improving cashew production could improve food security in Nigeria.
Research on Benin Cashew Nut Exportation Trade
2020
Cashew production in Africa accounts for 30% of the world's total production, of which only 10% is processed. In this regard, African farmers are actively organizing with the support of relevant international institutions to develop cashew processing industry, with a view to increasing income and promoting agricultural diversification. According to WTO statistics, almond, walnut and cashew are the top three in the world nut trade. As early as the 1970s, cashew production in Africa once dominated the world (70%), but by the beginning of this century it had dropped to 30%. The reason is the emergence of India and the Republic of Benin, in which the output and processing volume of Cashew in India are ranked first in the world. Driven by this situation, cashew cultivation in Africa has experienced many years of crisis and finally recovered in an all-round way, especially in the Republic of Benin, Kenya and Tanzania.
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2020
The paper examined the prospects and challenges of cashew production in Nigeria. Qualitative and quantitative data which were used to identify these challenges and prospects were retrieved from research findings, literatures, journals and reports. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis was used to highlight the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the internal environment of the cashew sector as well as the opportunities and threats from the external environment of the cashew sector. The paper takes a step further by employing Threats Opportunities Weaknesses and Strengths (TOWS) analysis matrix to come up with models that can be employed to improve the cashew sector in Nigeria. Some of the prospects identified include the potential employment creation, increasing cultivation area and evidenced value addition. While some of the challenges identified include poor pricing of cashew nuts, lack of proper policy intervention and underutilization of cashew apple....
Growth and Development of Cashew in Nigeria
2015
This study evaluates the occurrence of cashew plant, extraction processes and composition of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), modification and conversion processes, as well as environmental impact and controls of the liquid as petrochemical feedstock. The goal of this study is to bring the alternative usage of CNSL to the limelight and to mitigate the serious problems posed by the depleting petroleum reserves. Cashew nut shell (CNS) was obtained fresh from the wild, pulverized and then extracted by pyrolysis and solvent extraction methods using n-hexane. The liquid obtained was characterized. Experimental results corroborated the fact that CNSL contains mainly phenolic compounds such as cardanol, cardol, anacardic acid and 6methyl cardol. CNSL obtained by pyrolysis has a higher density with less moisture content, while solvent-extracted CNSL had higher contents of cardol and anacardic acid. CNSL offers innumerable applications due to the phenolic nature of its constituents, with ensh...
Growth and Production of Cashew Nut
2017
In the past, cashew was considered as a hardy crop, which needed little attention in terms of management and pest control. Current research findings indicate that this is no longer the case and that it is frequently attacked by various pests. This chapter deals with a number of aspects related to plant breeding, crop improvement and pest management, as well as agronomic practices that are equally crucial for cashew nut production and quality.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
The production of grafted cashew seedlings in Côte d'Ivoire lasts from four to six months. This causes late transplanting in the field. This study aimed at reducing the production time of grafted cashew plants. The effect of cashew nut morphometric parameters on germination, rootstock vigour and production time of grafted cashew seedlings was evaluated. Four genotypes, characterized by different nut sizes, were used as rootstocks. For sowing, 160 cashew nuts were used. Apical grafting, with semi-woody scions taken from trees of genotype LAX3264, was carried out on the rootstocks. Little variability was found in the length, width and thickness of the nut. On the contrary, the nut weight showed a high variability. Seed germination time was on average 5-8 days after sowing (DAS). The small nuts, from the PK23 genotype, had a long germination time. The production time of the grafted plants, on average 72 days after sowing, for all the genotypes, was shorter than the former productio...