Correction: Ejaz et al. The Use of Soil Conditioners to Ensure a Sustainable Wheat Yield under Water Deficit Conditions by Enhancing the Physiological and Antioxidant Potentials. Land 2022, 11, 368 (original) (raw)
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Land, 2022
Traditional mulch material (farmyard manure) has long been used in agriculture. However, recent developments have also introduced the scientific community and farmers to advanced chem- icals such as potassium polyacrylamide (KPAM), which has revolutionised the concept of the soil water-holding capacity to many compared with other materials being used. To compare the effect of different organic and inorganic soil amendment materials under water stress conditions, a two-year (2018 and 2019) field study was conducted. The main plots consisted of irrigation treatments, i.e., I0 (control irrigation), I1 (drought-induced by skipping irrigation at the 4th leaf stage), and I2 (drought- induced by skipping irrigation at the anthesis stage). The subplots included a control treatment and soil amended with different conditioners such as potassium polyacrylamide (KPAM, 30 kg/ha), farmyard manure (FYM, 4 tons/ha), and biochar (10 tons/ha); these were mixed thoroughly with the soil before sowing. The results showed a significant reduction in the water relation parameters (water potential up to 35.77% and relative water content up to 21%), gas exchange parameters (net CO2 assimilation rate up to 28.85%, stomatal conductance up to 43.18%, and transpiration rate up to 49.07%), and yield attributes (biological yield up to 8.45% and grain yield up to 32.22%) under drought stress conditions. In addition, water stress also induced an increase in the synthesis of osmoprotectants (proline up to 77.74%, total soluble sugars up to 27.43%, and total free amino acids up to 11.73%). Among all the soil conditioners used, KPAM significantly reduced the negative effects of drought stress on the wheat plants. Thus, it could be concluded that the use of soil conditioners is a promising method for dealing with the negative consequences of drought stress for achieving sustainable crop yields.
Phyton
Due to the unpredictable climate change, drought stress is being considered as one of the major threats to crop production. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. BARI Gom-26) being a dry season crop frequently faces scarcity of water and results in a lower yield. Therefore, this experiment aims to explore the role of different organic amendments (OAs) in mitigating drought stress-induced damage. The pot experiment consisted of different organic amendments viz. compost, vermicompost and poultry manure @0.09 kg m −2 soil, biochar @2.5% w/w soil and chitosan @1% w/w soil which was imposed on the plants grown under both well-watered and drought conditions. Results showed that drought stress reduced plant height (15%), SPAD value (16%), relative water content (13%), number of spikelet spike −1 (17%), number of grains spike −1 (12%), and 100-grain weight (18%). Organic amendments act as a protectant and reduce drought stress-induced damages by enhancing the morpho-physiological and yield attributes. Vermicompost enhanced SPAD value by 18%, number of spikelets spike −1 by 20%, number of grains spike −1 by 17%, whereas poultry manure increased plant height by 16% under drought condition compared to control plant. Unlike other OAs applied, vermicompost was proved to be capable of reducing the higher lipid peroxidation and proline content raised by drought condition. Drought stress-induced increment of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were also efficiently modulated by the organic amendment application. The present study concluded that OAs play significant roles in alleviating drought stressinduced damages by improving the morpho-physiological attributes and among the different types of OAs used vermicompost performed better which in addition ceased the production of reactive oxygen species.
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a ancestor of the Poaceae family, is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. On a global scale, wheat is the main cereal that is cultivated and produced most widely. Irrigation has been essential to keep wheat a key food crop around the world. In response to climate change, it is also becoming more important. In response to better irrigation management, a key aspect in increasing water productivity and maintaining the viability of water resource use in agricultural production. At all growth stages of the crop, the wheat crop's growth and yield characteristics improved with rising levels of moisture regime. The performance of the yield component parts has been linked to higher nitrogen fertilization levels.
Sains Malaysiana
Among abiotic stresses, salinity is the main abiotic stress limiting crop growth and yield worldwide. Improving agri-food production in salt-prone areas is the key to meet the increasing food demands in near future. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different soil conditioners, gypsum (GYP), citric acid (CA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in salinesodic soil. Gypsum was applied at a rate of 100% soil gypsum requirement while other amendments were applied each at a rate of 5 g kg-1 of soil. The results showed that EDTA treatment increased pH and electrical conductivity (ECe) of soil while pH significantly decreased when treated with citric acid. Soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased in all treatments following the order: CT > PVA > EDTA > CA > GYP. Addition of CA positively affected growth parameters as compared to other soil conditioners including plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, plant dry weight and grain yield while EDTA negatively affected these parameters. Addition of CA also significantly increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and chlorophyll contents while EDTA decreased these parameters. We conclude that increase in plant growth and yield with CA might be due to the effect of CA on soil properties which positively affected plant physiological parameters.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown in a wide range of water regimes (from dryland to limited irrigation to full irrigation) and produces both grain and forage in the U.S. Southern High Plains. Due to the semi-arid environment in the area, drought stress is the single most important factor reducing grain and forage yields. Selection of drought tolerant wheat cultivars is a critical strategy for wheat management under water-limited conditions. Although wheat yield and drought tolerance have been improved over the years by the Texas A&M (TAM) Breeding Program, the physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance among the TAM cultivars have not been well understood. Our objective was to investigate the differences in soil water depletion among four TAM cultivars. A two-year field experiment was conducted at Bushland, TX, under dryland and irrigated conditions. Cultivars included TAM 105, TAM 110, TAM 111 and TAM 112, which were released from the late 1970's to early 2000's. Based on measurement of seasonal dynamics of soil water depletion, the newer cultivars (TAM 110, TAM 111 and TAM 112) extracted more water from the soil profile than the older cultivar (TAM 105), particularly from the deeper soil profile. However, only under extreme water-limited conditions, varietal differences in yields were evident and were related to measured differences in soil water content. We recommend further studies on root traits to elucidate the differential behaviors of new and old cultivars under extreme drought, moderate drought, and irrigated conditions for SWC and yield.
2017
Drought induced stress is one of the most significant environmental challenges. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of drought stress on crop yield and antioxidant systems during the vegetative period of wheat. The study was carried out in a greenhouse using factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design (RCBD) in three replications in Razi University in Iran from 2011 to 2012. In the pot experiment, water stress was applied at vegetative growth stage (soil moisture 50 ± 5% of field capacity from the stemming to flowering periods) and various bread wheat genotypes (‘Pishtaz’, ‘DN-11’, ‘Sivand’, and ‘Marvdasht’) were examined as the second factor. Results showed that drought stress at vegetative growth stage considerably decreased plant height and crop yield. Under drought stress, the lowest and highest reductions in crop yield were noted seen in ‘Marvdasht’ and ‘DN-11’, respectively. The occurrence of drought stress at the vegetative growth stage in the e...
Irrigation and Drainage, 2018
Field experiments were carried out at the Tameia Agricultural Research Station, Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons in order to study the impact of nitrogen fertilization forms, irrigation intervals and some soil conditioners on the yield, yield components and crop water relations of wheat (Giza 168). Two nitrogen forms with three irrigation intervals, i.e. I1: irrigation at 14 days, I2: 21 days and I3: 28 days with soil conditioners at the rate of 11.9 t ha‐1, i.e. C1 control (without any addition), C2: compost, C3: rice straw and C4: sawdust with three replications in a split‐split plot design. Results indicate that the highest wheat grain yields in both years were detected from a combination of applying liquid ammonia gas, irrigation at 14‐day intervals and addition of compost. This treatment also gave higher values for yield components, uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and their concentration in the grain. Further, it resulted in highest...
Abiotic Stresses in Wheat Unfolding the Challenges Edited by
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
Article, 2024
In light of the current water scarcity, one strategy for reducing water consumption in irrigated agriculture is to reduce the amount of irrigation water compared to full crop irrigation or in other words deficit irrigation. Deficit irrigation management may be a critical issue due to climate change. Incorporation of different soil conditioners can improve soil hydro-physical properties and mitigate negative effects in water-stressed conditions. Recent review articles either addressed specific crop behavior under water deficit or covered a single type of soil conditioners. This manuscript represents an inclusive review providing insight into deficit irrigation methods incorporated with different soil conditioners. Crop response to deficit irrigation is discussed in the light of some mathematical models. Three main types of soil conditioners are covered: bentonite, biochar, and super-absorbent polymers. Mechanisms associated with effects of each conditioner to enhance soil water retention is highlighted as well. Previous study findings were discussed comparatively and future prospective, recommendations and challenges were addressed.
2016
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agronomy DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY BAHAUDDIN ZAKARIYA UNIVERSITY MULTAN PAKISTAN 2016 iii DECELARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that the data and the intellectual contents of this dissertation are the product of my own work. The thesis entitled "Improvement in growth, yield and antioxidant status of wheat with exogenous application of growth enhancers under drought stress conditions" for the award of Ph.D. Degree in Agronomy has not been submitted to any university within Pakistan or abroad. This thesis has neither been previously published in any form nor does it contain any verbatim of the published resources which could be treated as infringement of the international copyright law. The university may take action if the information provided is found inaccurate at any stage. I am aware that in case of any default, I may be proceeded against as per HEC plagiarism policy.