ASSESSMENT OF MENSTRUAL HEALTH AND ANALGESICS USAGE IN YOUNG AGE WOMEN Original Article (original) (raw)
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PLOS ONE
Introduction: Dysmenorrhea (period pain) is common and affects around three quarters of all young women under the age of 25. The majority of young women, for a variety of reasons, think of period pain as 'normal' and something to be managed or endured. This normalisation of pain often is reinforced by family and friends and results in young women using selfcare strategies to manage their pain rather than seeking medical advice. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined observational studies reporting on the prevalence of different types of self-care, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, self-rated effectiveness of self-care and the sources of information on menstruation in young women under 25 Methods: A search of Medline, PsychINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL in English was carried out from 1980 to December 2018. Studies that reported on menstrual self-care strategies in young women were included. Results: Nine hundred and forty-seven articles were screened. Twenty-four studies including 12,526 young women were eligible and included in the meta-analysis. Fifteen studies were from low, lower-middle or upper-middle-income countries (LMIC) and nine studies were from high income countries (HIC). Self-care was used by over half of all young women (55%, 95%CI 34.1-74.3) with both pharmaceutical (48%, 95%CI 40.0-57.0) and non-pharmaceutical (51.8%, 95%CI 31.3-71.7) options used. Paracetamol was the most common analgesic used (28.7%, 95%CI 19.6-39.9) but did not always provide sufficient pain relief in almost half of those using it. Contraceptive use was significantly higher (P<0.001) in HIC (22%) compared to LMIC (1%). Only 11% (95%CI 8.4-15.2) of young women reported seeing a medical doctor for their period pain. Conclusions: Self-care usage, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, was common, but young women were not necessarily choosing the most effective options for pain management. High-quality information on self-care for period pain is urgently needed.
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Dysmenorrhea is a condition than women often feel on their productiveage and disru their daily activity. A study that was condone in Palembangfinds that 93,8% SMA fema student had dysmenorrhea. A study in Indiafinds 42% in 654 respondent decided to he their dysmenorrhea withoutvisiting physician and 35% is using wrong medication Analgetics as painreliever sold freely in markets. Dysmenorrhea effects life quality aneducations for the easiness in obtaining the medicine in markets, makingthe re searc about analgetics usage patterns in Faculty of Medicine,Srwijaya University 2016-201 students. The design of this study wascross-sectional descriptive observational on 2 Desember 2019 until 6Januari 2020. The population of this study is FK Unsri (201 2019)students with 628 respondent. The respondent characteristics is found byusin questionnaire. Dysmenorrhea prevalence on FK UNSRI student is88%. Dysmenorrhe prevalence that distrupt activity is 64,7%. FK UNSRIstudent (2016-2019) that use mef...
Prevelance of symptoms during menstruation and its management among adolescent girls
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: Menstruation is a natural phenomena of the female reproductive cycle in which discharge of blood from the uterus exits through the vagina every month, it is the spontaneous onset of puberty. 75% of girls confront some problems associated with menstruation including delayed, irregular, painful and heavy menstrual bleeding. Menstruation can be accompanied with premenstrual and postmenstrual symptoms which include both physiological symptoms and psychological symptoms. It is important to treat both physiological and psychological symptoms with pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment approaches.Methods: The study was a prospective observational study done with a sample size of 650 subjects of 9 to 18 age group in whom menstruation already occurred were recruited from five different schools in regions of Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha. The study was conducted in 3 phases, where initially a predesigned well-structured questionnaire was provided to assess the attitude, a...
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016
INTRODUCTION Menstruation is a part and parcel of women's physiology starting of which is associated with a number of physical, hormonal, and psychological changes in the body of adolescent girls. These changes mostly results in a lot of stress and physical problems in the girls. Menstruation is dealt with secrecy in most of the underdeveloped and developing countries including India. Discussion on menstruation and menstrual problems is regarded as taboo especially among rural communities. A study on Indian women by Narayan et al revealed that young girls are generally told nothing about Menstruation. 1 Hence, knowledge and information about reproductive functioning and reproductive health problems amongst the adolescent is poor. 2,3 No wonder that menses is associated with many complaints in girls. These complaints are mostly related to either flow of blood or ABSTRACT Background: Menses is associated with many complaints in girls. Very little work is done on prevalence of menstrual problems among Indian population. Problem of pain is by far the most common problem reported by majority of girls. This has an impact on public and occupational health. In India the girls hesitate to discuss these problems even with their parents. Thus most of the time either they do not take any medication to resolve their problem, or take some pills on their own to get relief. Finding out the common menstrual problems and the pattern of medication use will be helpful in planning a health care program for the population. Objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of common menstrual complaints among undergraduate students of Moradabad region and to assess the pattern of medication, used by them, for these complaints. Methods: 396 female first year students pursuing undergraduate course were studied with the help of a structured pilot tested questionnaire. Results: 93.4% girls were found to have some or the other complaint during menstruation. Body-ache (64%) was the most common complaint reported followed by pain in abdomen (59%) and backache (57%). 37.9% subjects reported to use some medicine for menstrual problems. 65.3% of those who used medicine used it for pain in abdomen, either alone or in combination with some other complaints. Only 23.9% of those belonging to rural background consulted doctor before using medicine, as against 48.3% of those belonging to urban background. Conclusions: Present study shows a high prevalence of medical problems during menstruation. Mostly medicines were used for the pain in abdomen either alone or in combination with other complaints. Menstrual problems constitute an important unmet area of reproductive health services. Packages of reproductive health care should include modules for education, diagnosis and treatment of most menstrual morbidities.
Knowledge and Level of Distress Regarding Primary Dysmenorrhea among Adolescent Girls
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.9\_Issue.8\_Aug2019/IJHSR\_Abstract.046.html, 2019
Background: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem among adolescents girls. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and level of distress regarding primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls, Amritsar. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was done to assess the knowledge and level of distress regarding primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls at selected schools, Amritsar. 180 samples were enrolled using purposive sampling technique. Socio-demographic variables and gynecological factors of menstruation were assessed to collect data and level of distress was assessed by menstrual distress questionnaire (MMDQ). Results: The study results revealed that most of the adolescent girls i.e. 79 (43.9%) had good knowledge, 78(43.3%) with average knowledge and 23(12.8%) had excellent knowledge. The level of distress was found to be mild among 168(93.3%) adolescent girls and only 12(6.7%) had moderate level of distress. There was a highly significant association (p<0.005) between the levels of knowledge on primary dysmenorrhea and socio-demographic variables i-e age, class, diet, religion, mother's education, Type of family were found to be highly significant. Both significant and highly significant association was also found between domain wise level of distress and related factors on primary dysmenorrhea with some socio-demographic variables of adolescent girls
Related Factors and Consequences of Menstrual Distress in Adolescent Girls with Dysmenorrhea
The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 2005
This study investigated symptoms, related factors, and consequences of menstrual distress in adolescent girls with dysmenorrhea. A total of 198 participants were recruited by convenience sampling from a technical college in Tainan County, Taiwan. Four instruments were used to collect data: a Demographic Data Questionnaire, a Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and an Adolescent Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire. The top five symptoms of menstrual distress were cramps, fatigue, backache, swollen abdomen, and tender breasts. Results of stepwise multiple regression indicated that the best subsets for predicting adolescent menstrual distress, including age, mother's occupation, menstrual pain, and menstrual attitude, accounted for 59% of total variance. From the correlation analysis, the more severe the menstrual distress, the higher the impact on daily activities as well as the more frequent the absence from class and analgesic usage. The results of this study may provide a useful reference for school nurses designing menstrual health programs for adolescents.
Strategies for handling dysmenorrhea in adolescents
International journal of health & medical sciences, 2022
Background of the problem: Dysmenorrhea has been identified as a public health problem because of its high prevalence. Dysmenorrhea is a condition that affects various aspects of a woman's life. Although this condition occurs in many women, it is often underestimated and underdiagnosed, and therefore untreated. Early diagnosis of dysmenorrhea is very important. Therefore, women who experience menstrual pain and other accompanying symptoms during menstruation should be referred to an experienced gynecologist for differential diagnosis. Destination: The scoping review was conducted to map the available evidence on the dysmenorrhea treatment strategies used by adolescents to cope with their dysmenorrhea. Method: The database used by Pubmed, Ebscho, Science Direct and gray literature, namely Google Scholar with inclusion criteria, original articles, published above in 2017 published in English, articles discussing strategies for dealing with dysmenorrhea in adolescents, free full text and open access articles. Exclusion criteria for review articles, opinion articles, and organizational documents/guidelines. The eligibility of articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools (JBI), and the Critical Appraisal Program (CSAP). Results: The worldwide prevalence of dysmenorrhea ranges between 50% and 90%. A total of eleven studies said most of women used pharmacological methods to relieve menstrual pain. The most commonly chosen analgesics are those containing ibuprofen, drotaverine, and paracetamol. Most of the study participants stated that they were satisfied with the effect of pharmacotherapy. The findings of a number of other studies that physical activity can contribute to the improvement of symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea. Exercise is a protective factor to prevent dysmenorrhea. Physical activity is an effective treatment for primary dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological mechanisms can be an alternative for women who are not interested in pharmacological treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) found that self-medication in individuals with lower medication knowledge may result in several potential risks. The need to inform young women about the appropriate and effective management of dysmenorrhea. Future research should focus on improving menstrual pain management and promoting menstrual health literacy for women with dysmenorrhea.
Dysmenorrhoea Among Adolescent Girls - Characteristics and Symptoms Experienced During Menstruation
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, 2014
Background: Dysmenorrhoea, recurrent cramping lower abdominal pain is one of the common problems experienced by many adolescent girls. The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls ranges from 60 to 83 percent and many adolescence reported limitation on daily activities. Method: A descriptive survey was conducted among 233 adolescent girls in four residential schools of Udupi district, Karnataka to identify dysmenorrhoea, characteristics and associated symptoms. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea in adolescent girls was found to be 146(62.70%). Out of 233 samples 28(12%) had mild pain, 77(33%) had moderate pain and 41(17.6%) had severe pain during menstruation. Tiredness 110(75.34%), back pain 106(72.60%) and irritability 97(66.43%) were the most common symptoms associated with dysmenorrhoea. A positive association was found between dysmenorrhoea and family history. Conclusion: Dysmenorrhoea is a very common problem among adolescent girls and they experience a number ...
International Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Practice
Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecologic disorder among female adolescents, with a prevalence of 60% to 93%. Primary dysmenorrhea, painful menstruation without pelvic abnormalities, may be associated with vomiting, fatigue, back pain, headaches, dizziness, and diarrhea. Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the Impact of comprehensive interventional package on behavioural outcomes regarding management of menstrual problems among adolescents from selected educational institutions. Methodology: The quantitative research approach and true experimental Pre-test Post-test control group design was used in the study. Sample size consisted of 60 (30 in each group) and recruited in the study by using Simple random sampling technique. Results: There is no significant changes were observed in any of the subscales between both groups, were found equal in physiological, psychological and behavioural symptoms at pre-intervention level but instantaneously following the comprehensive interventional package, the adolescent girls in the experimental group had significantly increased self-esteem and improvement in management of Premenstrual problems and even class abseeentism and academic performance has improved so that Behavioural outcome variables of adolescents were upgraded after implementation of comprehensive interventional package from baseline to 3 months follow-up. Conclusion: The comprehensive intervention package proved to be effective in reduction of menstrual symptoms and also clarifying their doubts regarding menstrual problems.
Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females
BMC Women's Health, 2021
Background Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological conditions among young females, which has a significant negative impact on health-related quality of life and productivity. Despite its high prevalence, the evidence is limited regarding the management-seeking practices and its perceived effectiveness among females with PD. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 550 female students in six universities across Lebanon. The prevalence of PD, associated risk factors, and management-seeking practices were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results The prevalence of PD was 80.9%. Most of the females with PD described their menstrual pain as moderate (56%) to severe (34.6%), which significantly affected their daily activities and studying ability (P < 0.001). The major risk factors associated with PD included heavy menstrual flow (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 10.28), family history of PD (AOR = 2.52), history of weight loss attemp...