Ornythonims in the German and English Languages:Metaphorical Transfer (original) (raw)
Related papers
Ornythonym component and phraseological meaning
The paper represents the results of the research into phraseological and paremiological units with ornythonym component. According to the level of complexity of their semantic structure phraseological units are divided into 3 groups. Detecting the status of ornythonym components one should refer to this classification, because these two phenomena, i.e. the level of semantic complexity of the phraseological unit semantic structure and status of its component parts, are closely related to each other. Within the framework of this research studying symbolic meanings different birds are endowed in the English linguistic culture is given appropriate attention too, because most ornythonym components of phraseological units realize their symbolic meaning. Appearance, behavior, relations with other birds and different other characteristics of birds also serve as basis for metaphoric meaning realized in phraseology. [Ayupova R.A., Bashirova M.A., Bezuglova O.A., Kuznetsova A.A., Sakhibullina K.A. Ornythonym component and phraseological meaning. Life Sci J 2014;11(11):290-293] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44
Phraseological Units with the Ornithonym Component: A Comparative Analysis
Scientific Journal of Polonia University
The research paper is devoted to the study and comparative analysis of the English and Ukrainian phraseological units with the ornithonym component, revealing their linguistic, cultural and pragmatic peculiarities. The empiric material of the research includes English and Ukrainian phraseological units selected by continuous sampling from phraseological, explanatory, and bilingual dictionaries. The sample size is 601 phraseological units. Analyzing Ukrainian and English phraseological units with an ornithonym component, it can be seen that the names of birds are more often used to denote positive concepts. In both linguistic cultures, the imagery of the stork, chicken, and cock components completely coincide. Most phraseological units were formed on the basis of objective observations of domestic and wild birds. However, extralinguistic factors such as fairy tales, holidays, geography, and gastronomic traditions were singled out. The research material can be used in further research...
Theory of names and cognitive linguistics: The case of the metaphor
Filozofija I Drustvo, 2010
The philosophical and, in a lesser degree, linguistic debate about the notion of names has been raging for a long time. The processes behind naming are presented and explained in various ways. This paper will try to give a new insight into the motivation behind the creation of new names as seen from the linguistics viewpoint. Metaphor, as one of the major sources of motivation from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, is the basic form of human conceptualization. The first part of the paper presents the current theories about names. The second part describes the basic principles of cognitive linguistics as related to metaphors. The third part deals with providing the evidence regarding metaphor involvement in original creation of people's names, while the last part of the paper presents examples from the Serbian language.
Cognitive Mechanism of Metaphorization in Zoological Terms
American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2016
Terminology of any science, as a result of verbalized scientific expertise, is formed in conjunction with the ordinary consciousness of native speakers. Metaphor in a particular scientific zoological discourse in the Russian and Kazakh languages has not become the object of researchers' attention yet. The comparison of the results of the cognitive mechanism of analogy in the zoological discourse in languages genetically and structurally not identical to each other is of research interest. Comparative analysis of scientific zoological terminology in the Russian and the Kazakh languages confirms the metaphorical nature of the scientific language, generated by the cognitive mechanism of analogy. Most of terminology metaphors in zoo-discourse are modeled on the universal archetype-anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and dendromorphic. Metaphors generated within universals are identical in the Russian and the Kazakh languages. Greco-Latin designations of zoological concepts to which metaphors date back also rely on identified metaphorical universals. In scientific communication the metaphorical expression functions as a readymade term, transmitting scientific information in accordance with the target settings of communication participants. Comparative analysis of metaphoric terms in the Kazakh and the Russian zoological discourse reveals that some terms are different due to different structural features of languages and the differences in the choice of signs that take place in the mechanism of analogy, which is caused by the peculiarities of understanding of the world, geographical, climatic, economic and living conditions of the Russians and the Kazakhs. The scientific metaphor is formed on the basis of conceptual structures already formed in each of the ethnic cultures. There are no rigid boundaries between scientific thinking and the "profane" consciousness; scientific knowledge uses common human knowledge of the world in the process of presenting knowledge in a particular field of science.
2016
In last decades the metaphor became more and more considered as an important mean of formation of language picture if the works representing by itself the verbalized system of world view of particular nation. The objective of this research is the comparative characteristic of metaphorical symbolism of color name "red" in phraseological fund of German, Russian and Tatar languages. Phraseological and paraemiological funds are preserving information about material and spiritual culture, world view of native language speakers. Color naming often participates in formation of meaning of phraseologisms and paraemies by virtue of actualization of hidden estimate senses characteristic to them. As material of this comparative research of multi-meaning of color names acted adjectives "rot", "красный" and "кызыл" in German, Russian and Tatar linguistic cultures. We analyzed 300 set phrases with components "rot" from national corpus of German language, 207 proverbs and sayings with component "красный", 71 proverbs and sayings with component "кызыл". On the basis of analysis of lexicographic sources and data of corpus researches we came to a conclusion that red color plays an important role in perception of the surrounding world. Semantic of red color in comparing languages is characterized, on one side, by sufficiently high degree of similarity, from another side-by differences that are stipulated by cultural peculiarities, different view of the world by representatives of German, Russian and Tatar ethnic-cultural social media. Theoretical significance of the work is concluded in the fact that results of research are presenting by themselves a certain contribution in development of typological language studies, contrastive semantics, comparative-typology language studies, lexicography and cognitive theory of metaphor.
Final-Copy-a semantic and cultural study of animal names in English and persian
The aim of this paper is to study the meanings and applications of the animal names in English and prison proverbs. Most of the animal expressions reveal the way of thinking and the cultural particularities of each society, so translation of some animal expressions from one language to another one may cause many cultural or communicational misunderstandings. In other words, animal expressions fulfill semantic and sociolinguistic functions in human languages. Most of the animal expressions developed from the culture, society, human relations, and their thoughts. So animal expressions have different positive or negative values and usages in each lingual society.
animal metaphor in cognitive linguistics
The phenomenon of AM (animal metaphor) can be discussed based on the class-inclusion model in cognitive linguistics. In this article, we try to prove that this kind of metaphor accords more with this model than with correspondence model of Lakoff. It does not mean that the correspondence model is not valid in this regard, but we argue that depending on the nature of this kind of metaphor, class-inclusion model can explain some of its characteristics better than the other models. The correspondence model assumes that metaphors are essentially analogical in character. Also, it suggests that mappings are one-to-one and structurally consistent. Invariance principle of this model states that metaphorical mappings preserve the cognitive topology (that is, the image schema structure) of the source domain, in a way consistent with the inherent structure of the target domain. But, the class-inclusion model does not treat metaphors as analogies rather the source is treated as prototypical instantiation of a larger, newly created super-ordinate category, which is seen then as encompassing both source and target domains. This newly created category uses a prototypical member as an exemplar. We tried to compare these two models in explaining AM in Persian.
EUREKA: Social and Humanities
The article is devoted to the study of French and Georgian phraseological units with animal names/zoonyms that represent emotional attitude of the speaker towards a person or a phenomenon. We decided to study this problem on the basis of phraseological units as phraseology is the sphere which reveals each culture's ethnic and psychological peculiarities, their customs and traditions, reflects their world vision. The analysis revealed that each culture shows its attitude towards this or that phenomenon emotionally through phraseological units with zoonyms. Such kind of phraseological units intensify emotions and beautify the speech of the speakers. Besides behind each phraseological unit with zoonyms one can see customs, traditions, temperament of different cultures. In order to find similarities or differences between phraseological units of two unrelated languages, we have collected phraseological units with zoonyms and classified them into several groups. Using observational, descriptive, psycholinguistic and contrastive methods, we have found out seven types of zoonyms with evaluative connotations in French and nine types of zoonyms with evaluative connotations in Georgian. It seems that representatives of both cultures use phraseological units with zoonyms to show their emotions. The analysis also revealed that evaluative phraseological units with zoonyms mostly carry negative connotation in both languages.
A Comparative study of Translation of Animal-Related Words in English, Portuguese and Persian
The study aimed to illustrate how exploring the origins of metaphors contribute in a better understanding of the nature of metaphors and, thus, in preventing mistranslation. In translation of animal personification, where the metaphoric meanings of animals in the source language (SL) are different from or contradictory to those in the target language (TL), the translators usually choose a different animal in the target text (TT) whose characteristics match the ones attributed to it in the source text (ST). The task becomes more complicated in translation of Animal Farm (Orwell, 1945) (the present study), where the image of some animals is different even between the SL and the ST. Accordingly, different translation strategies were proposed depending on the relationship between the SL, the ST, and the TL. We studied personification in three languages of Persian as a high-context culture, Portuguese as a low context-culture, and English as a lower-context culture language in comparison with the Portuguese. We tried to examine if the degree of context culture between languages involved in translation influences the degree of differences in personification of the animals in theses languages. The proposed translation strategies were based on the premise that a translator in normal circumstances would go through these translational phases. However, this study (translation of Animal Farm) revealed that theory cannot bring about a satisfactory answer to all the translation problems. Because theories are descriptive and each text is singularly different from the other and nothing can be deemed wholly predictable in terms of translation.