Isolation and Identification of Cadmium and Lead Resistant Bacteria and their Bacterial Removal from Wastewater (original) (raw)
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Lead and cadmium resistant bacteria isolated from industrial effluent
Bacteria play a major role in the biogeochemical cycling of toxic heavy metals. Heavy metal resistant bacteria can be used as bioremediation agents. The aim of this present investigation was to determine the resistance property of bacteria isolated from industrial waste dumped soil samples, to heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+) and some antibiotics. Of 29 isolates, only two bacterial strains were found to be highly resistant to lead and cadmium. Further, these two bacterial strains were checked for resistance against heavy metals by culturing them in basal medium in which varying concentrations of heavy metals were incorporated. HML8 and HMC1 isolates showed resistance against Pb2+ and Cd2+ at all concentrations tested. The morphological and biochemical tests confirmed that the isolates belonged to Bacillus sp. Both the isolates showed similar pattern of growth at different temperature ranging from 25⁰C to 42⁰C. HMC1 showed better growth in the presence of high NaCl concentration but the same was unable to grow at high pH. On the other hand HML8 showed good growth in the basal medium at high pH. High salt concentration affected the growth of HML8 in the basal medium. Both the isolates also exhibited high tolerance to antibiotics such as Amoxicillin and Penicillin G. The results of the present study clearly suggest that both the strains can be studied and explored further for biotechnological applications especially for lead and cadmium detoxification.
Cadmium and lead tolerant bacteria isolated from industrial waste water
Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, 2017
An in vitro study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize heavy metal resistant bacteria from industrial waste water and to determine their tolerance capacity to cadmium and lead. Different morphological, physiological and biochemical tests were carried out to identify the bacterial isolates in the waste water. A total of eight bacterial isolates viz., Staphyllococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas flavescens and Acinetobacter lwofii were identified from metal polluted tannery and steel industrial areas. Bacterial response to cadmium tolerance was determined by treating them with CdCl2 solution at a rate of 1, 2, 2.5 and 5 µg/ml. In case of lead tolerant bacteria, PbCl2 solution was applied at a rate of 0.05, 0.125, 0.2 and 0.5 µg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from waste water of steel industries and Bacillus cereus from tannery area was found to be the most tolerant species to the different doses of cadmium and lead. The study indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus could be good candidates for the treatment and elimination of heavy metals from industrial waste water. The present study may be helpful to the bioremediation of heavy metals in the contaminated environment.
Isolation and Characterization of Cadmium and Lead Resistant Bacteria
Thirty heavy metal resistant bacteria were isolated from sewage of industrial effluents, garages and petrol pumps of Barak Valley region of Assam, India, against cadmium and lead. Samples were streaked on selective media; the predominant and distinct colonies were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Klebsellia sp., Staphylococcus sp., Proteus sp. and Bacillus sp. on the basis of their biochemical and morphological characters. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antibiotic resistance pattern of the potent isolates was also studied. Among all, six isolates exhibited high resistance to heavy metals. Bacillus sp. was found to have high resistance pattern against Cadmium (1800 µg/ml) and Lead (1200 µg/ml). It was observed that the isolates having high MIC values for a set of metals exhibited high resistance pattern towards a group of antibiotics.
2011
Nasrazadani, A.*, Tahmourespour, A. , Hoodaji, M. 1M.Sc. of Soil Science, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan Branch, Khorasgan-Iran 2Assist. Prof., of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan Branch, Khorasgan-Iran atahmoures@khuisf.ac.ir 3-Assoc. Prof., of Soil Science, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan Branch, KhorasganIran _hoodaji@khuisf.ac.ir Received: April, 2009 Accepted: June, 2010
Native species of microorganism provides a potential system for the treatment of metal contaminated water. Present study was conducted to screen and characterize heavy metal resistance bacteria in order to remediate the effluent waste water. Nine strains were isolated and designated as WAs1, WCd2, WCo3, WCr4, WCu5, WHg6, WNi7, WPb8 & WZn9 based on their maximum threshold level of tolerance to each metal. These values for respective metal are Arsenic (1000 ppm), Cadmium (200 ppm), Cobalt (400 ppm), Chromium (20 ppm), Copper (100 ppm), Mercury (20 ppm), Nickel (50 ppm), Lead (1000 ppm) and Zinc (1000 ppm). The highest values with respect to arsenic and lead observed during this study are not reported so far showing the importance of the work. Maximum growth of these strains was observed at pH 7 and 370C temperature. These strains were further characterized by biochemical and morphological methods.
International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 2015
The search for bacteria and fungus capable against metal toxicity starts with their isolation from the waste water released from the industries that uses either the heavy metals in their process or releases heavy metals as their waste product. The waste effluent released from paper, textile, paint and iron processing industries were collected and different microbial colonies were isolated from those waste water by standard plating methods, identified by their colony morphology, staining methods and different biochemical procedure. Those isolates were then screened for their antibiotics sensitivity and heavy metal toxicity test. From the antibiotics sensitivity test, Erythromycin and Streptomycin proved to be better antibiotics against isolated bacteria and Tetracycline and Ampicillin proved to be better against fungal isolates. Those antibiotics can be used as good selection markers in the molecular biology techniques. For heavy metal toxicity test, three heavy metals such as Cadmium, Mercury and Lead were analyzed at different concentrations such as 1mM, 5mM, 10mM and 20mM for up to 72 hours for bacterial isolates and 144 hours for fungal isolates. The potential isolates were selected over their growth rate at higher concentration of heavy metals. Bacterial isolates such as Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluoroscence, Pseudomonas syringae, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium xerosis, Bacillus macerans and fungal isolates such as Fusarium, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium proved to be the better isolates that can be exploited at their molecular level for the bioremediation of heavy metal contamination.
International Microbiology, 2019
The potential of indigenous bacterial strains to accumulate three metals (Cr, Ni, Pb) was exploited here to remediate the polluted environment. In the present study, metal resistance profiles identified three most potential isolates which could tolerate 700-1000 μg/ml of Ni, 500-1000 μg/ml of Cr, and 1000-1600 μg/ml of Pb. These three bacterial strains were identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. MB339, Klebsiella pneumoniae MB361, and Staphylococcus sp. MB371. UV-Visible and atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) analysis revealed gradual increase in percentage accumulation with increase in time due to increased biomass. Quantitative assessments exhibited maximum removal of Cr (83.51%) by Klebsiella pneumoniae MB361, Pb (85.30%), and Ni (48.78%) by Stenotrophomonas MB339, at neutral pH and 37°C, whereas Staphylococcus sp. MB371 sorbed 88.33% of Pb at slightly acidic pH. The present study therefore supports the effective utilization of indigenous bacteria for comprehensive treatment of metal-rich industrial effluents.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2012
The purpose of the present study was to isolate and identify the metal-resistant lactic acid bacteria from sediments of coastal aquaculture habitats for removal of cadmium and lead from ambience. Collected sediment samples were used to isolate the cadmium-and leadresistant bacterial colonies by spread plate technique using agar media (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) supplemented with cadmium or lead at 50 mg/l. Isolates were identified by bacterial colony polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. Metal removing probiotic was determined by characterizing the lactic acid yield in culture media, viability in fish intestine, metal-resistant and metal-removal efficiencies. 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing data of five (Cd10, Cd11, Pb9, Pb12 and Pb18) and other all isolates clearly showed 99 % similarities to Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus cereus, respectively. The Pb12 exhibited higher lactic acid yield (180 mmol) than that of the remaining E. faecium strains and excellent viability without pathogenicity; therefore, further study was carried out using Pb12 strain. The selected Pb12 strain showed elevated metal resistant (minimum inhibitory concentrations 120 and 800 mg/l for cadmium and lead, respectively) and removal efficiencies [Cadmium 0.0377 mg/h/g and lead 0.0460 mg/h/g of cells (wet weight)]. From the viability and metal removal points of view, it can be concluded that isolated metal-resistant E. faecium Pb12 strains might be used as potential probiotic strains for removing heavy metals from fish intestinal milieu to control the progressive bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the fish.
BMC Microbiology, 2013
Background: Heavy-metals exert considerable stress on the environment worldwide. This study assessed the resistance to and bioremediation of heavy-metals by selected protozoan and bacterial species in highly polluted industrial-wastewater. Specific variables (i.e. chemical oxygen demand, pH, dissolved oxygen) and the growth/dieoff-rates of test organisms were measured using standard methods. Heavy-metal removals were determined in biomass and supernatant by the Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. A parallel experiment was performed with dead microbial cells to assess the biosorption ability of test isolates. Results: The results revealed that the industrial-wastewater samples were highly polluted with heavy-metal concentrations exceeding by far the maximum limits (in mg/l) of 0.05-Co, 0.2-Ni, 0.1-Mn, 0.1-V, 0.01-Pb, 0.01-Cu, 0.1-Zn and 0.005-Cd, prescribed by the UN-FAO. Industrial-wastewater had no major effects on Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis and Peranema sp. (growth rates up to 1.81, 1.45 and 1.43 d-1 , respectively) compared to other test isolates. This was also revealed with significant COD increases (p < 0.05) in culture media inoculated with living bacterial isolates (over 100%) compared to protozoan isolates (up to 24% increase). Living Pseudomonas putida demonstrated the highest removal rates of heavy metals (Co-71%, Ni-51%, Mn-45%, V-83%, Pb-96%, Ti-100% and Cu-49%) followed by Bacillus licheniformis (Al-23% and Zn-53%) and Peranema sp. (Cd-42%). None of the dead cells were able to remove more than 25% of the heavy metals. Bacterial isolates contained the genes copC, chrB, cnrA3 and nccA encoding the resistance to Cu, Cr, Co-Ni and Cd-Ni-Co, respectively. Protozoan isolates contained only the genes encoding Cu and Cr resistance (copC and chrB genes). Peranema sp. was the only protozoan isolate which had an additional resistant gene cnrA3 encoding Co-Ni resistance. Conclusion: Significant differences (p < 0.05) observed between dead and living microbial cells for metal-removal and the presence of certain metal-resistant genes indicated that the selected microbial isolates used both passive (biosorptive) and active (bioaccumulation) mechanisms to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater. This study advocates the use of Peranema sp. as a potential candidate for the bioremediation of heavy-metals in wastewater treatment, in addition to Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus licheniformis.
Investigations on the Heavy Metal Resistant Bacterial Isolates in Vitro from Industrial Effluents
Heavy metals are widespread persistent inorganic pollutants and are not easily removable from the environment and are also indestructible, unlike many other organic pollutants that can be chemically or biologically degraded, hence, heavy metals constitute a global environmental problem. Heavy metal tolerable bacteria are currently favoured for their capacity to depollute the environment and hence regarded as instruments for bioremediation of metals. This study aimed to isolate heavy metal tolerant and antibiotic sensitive and resistant bacteria from industrial Effluent from Kanpur, U.P., India, Initially, a total of 28 isolates were screened from industrial effluent of which seven isolates were selected based on high level of heavy metal and antibiotic resistances. On the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical analysis, the isolates were authentically identified as Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. maximum microbial tolerance of Bacillus spp. (B-2) was recorded to Cr (350 μg /ml) and lowest to Cu (240 μg/ml) whereas maximum microbial tolerance of Pseudomonas spp. (P-3) was recorded to Cr (300 μg/ml, and lowest to Pb and Cu. Thus, heavy metal tolerance test isolates showed maximum microbial tolerance to Cr and minimum tolerance to Pb and Cu. This study suggests that the isolated Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. have the properties to resist a wide range of heavy metals and antibiotics.