The integrated maritime policy of the European Union in the context of the new oceanic paradigm (original) (raw)
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A Note on the European Union’s Integrated Maritime Policy
Ocean Development & International Law, 40:171–183, 2009
ocean policies need to function; namely, international ocean governance and the law of the sea. The second is a comparison of the integrated ocean policies of the EU and large federal states; that is, political entities that most closely resemble the EU in functional terms. This article will focus on a comparison with Canada. Third, the article undertakes a cursory assessment of the prospects of the IMP.
Conclusion. EU Maritime Foreign and Security Policies: Aims, Actors, and Mechanisms of Integration
The Maritime Turn in EU Foreign and Security Policies
This book set out to provide a comprehensive understanding of EU maritime foreign and security policies, asking to what extent, how, and why the EU is a maritime power in the making. The studies confirm that the EU indeed is becoming maritime global power. The EU now has its own Maritime Security Strategy with a functioning and comprehensive action plan, two major ongoing military naval operations, to a large degree acts with one voice at the international scene, and it has taken important steps in the development of an Arctic policy. In the maritime domain, the EU is no longer only a soft power but increasingly uses military means to respond to new security threats and challenges, also known as 'soft threats' such as piracy and migration. The high number of planned actions agreed in the EUMSS and action plan as well as the maritime focus in the EU's new Global Strategy suggests that we can expect maritime integration and cooperation, including in the military domain, to continue to grow in the years to come. The UK's withdrawal from the EU and the US' more reluctant tone towards guaranteeing Europe's defence will only serve to push this development further. After all, EU leaders have already agreed to deepen cooperation on security and defence in the face of these events (European Council 2017). The findings in this book are thus important also for our understanding of the EU as such. Being the only remaining intergovernmental policy area in the EU and the one most strongly linked to member states' sovereignty, EU foreign and security policies have been referred as a sine qua non in order to achieve full European integration. And EU maritime foreign and security policy indeed takes collective
The Concept of Maritime Governance in International Relations
Intenrational Relations, 2019
The aim of the article 1 is the identification of components of maritime governance and evolution of the concept of maritime governance in contemporary International Relations. The main research questions are: what elements constitute the structure of maritime governance and why the role of maritime governance is increasing in the policy of super and regional powers. The answer to these questions will be used to verify the adopted hypothesis which indicates that maritime governance is a dynamic process consisting of interdependent areas of legal regulations, blue economy, security and environmental elements. Their horizontal and vertical interdependence and interrelation while dealing with oceans make maritime governance necessary instrument for super and regional powers to attain their interests. Based on the presented assumptions and purpose, the following structure of the article was adopted. The introduction highlights the role of oceans in the world affairs and presents research questions and hypothesis. In the second part of the article main stages of discourse on maritime governance are discussed and characterized, putting emphasis on the process of shaping its conceptual and terminological framework. Methodological differences and similarities in defining maritime governance are explored. The third part indicates the operational dimension of the concept of maritime governance, presenting the stages of the process of institutionalization of maritime cooperation between states. Finally, the case study of the Integrated Maritime Policy of the European Union is presented to serve as an exemplification of the modern maritime governance. The conclusion of the article contains answers to the research questions posed.
The European Union’s Quest to Become a Global Maritime-Security Provider
Naval War College Review, 2023
The European Union (EU) seeks to become a global maritime-security actor, yet strategic challenges influence its maritime-security strategy process. Is there a distinctive and coherent EU approach to global maritime security, and how should the EU address the growing range of maritime challenges, including the intensification of militarized competition in the Indo-Pacific?
EU Integrated Maritime Policy and multilevel governance
Juridical Tribune, 2019
Marine and coastal environment are under pressure from several pollution sources. Most of the environmental law was developed on a sectoral basis and does not reflect the interdependence of the various issues and their solutions. Since the adoption of Blue Book, EU legislation to protect the marine environment has been progressively implemented in many relevant areas: Fisheries, Shipping, Tourism, energy, etc. The Integrated Maritime Policy covers several cross-cutting policies, more specifically blue growth, marine data and knowledge, maritime spatial planning, integrated maritime surveillance, and sea basin strategies. Oceans and sea are influenced by many activities, interests and policies and are interlinked. A holistic, integrated approach is the best way to handle maritime affairs, with States cooperation not only on an EU States basis but also with third States and International Organizations. International Organizations provide an essential forum for international cooperation in relation to environmental issues. In this context they have two important roles to play: environmental policy-making and the development of international environmental law.
Undermining the Integrated Maritime Policy
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010
The European Union's Integrated Maritime Policy is intended in part to coordinate sectoral policies, to achieve joined-up thinking and action and overcome the inconsistency between policy approaches that has led to the degradation of European seas. An integrated governance would be relatively straightforward if the different interests and actors were operating on the basis of shared values, but they are not. While the fisheries sector, whether large or small-scale, is driven by a commercial imperative which tends towards the greatest extraction of the resource possible, environmentalists would champion the removal of all human impacts, other than redress activity, as the optimum state for the ecosystem. However, the greatest impediment to an integrated approach is the failure to subject the EU's Common Fisheries Policy to the objectives of the Integrated Maritime Policy. Instead, all decisions concerning fisheries will continue to be made in accordance with the Fisheries Regulation which demands exploitation of the fragile resource. Attention needs to be given to how EU fisheries policy is to acquire values beyond that of commercial extraction for immediate economic benefit so that it may cohere with objectives of the Integrated Maritime Policy and aid the regeneration of the seas.
Journal of Defence Studies, 2013
This article analyses the alteration of the referent object for maritime security from protection of shipping and port facilities to protection of citizens and national economies. It presents a tentative answer on the extent and consequences of this alteration applied by states in a global perspective, and focuses on validating four explanatory factors on why the alteration has occurred. The time period of study is between 1991 and 2013. Its results illustrate a transition in states' security policies from traditional expressions of maritime security to broader security perspectives, and also indicates radically altered maritime strategic perspectives among states. IntroductIon The maritime domain's value for states can be described in terms of its natural resources, its importance for transport and trade, power projection and defence, and the marine environment's inherent value. 1 Consequently, social, economic, law enforcement and security interests converge and interact in this domain. Government and private interests are mixed with varying degrees of governmental, inter-and supra-national regulation and control, whose effectiveness are dependent on the coordination and interaction between the domain's stakeholders. Maritime policies have
International Relations and Diplomacy
The global challenges to maritime security have long outnumbered the classic interstate war. Increasingly, the new threats have assumed the most real risks, whether human, weapons or drugs traffic, piracy, illegal fishing among others. Some of these challenges, even if they are not in the European Union's primary strategic maritime area, they have relevant impacts on this. The unstable region of the Gulf of Guinea, for example, with its cases of armed robbery, piracy, or even trafficking (mainly human and drug trafficking) has attracted attention to the several EU Member States, with individual policies that are often poorly articulated. This paper is the result of field research with stakeholders from 17 South Atlantic countries (the research delimitation occurred in South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone [ZOPACAS] members) and concludes that the exogenous (European) point of view of the major challenges that encourage the collaborative participation of the South Atlantic are, necessarily, the ones that have most demanded attention and engagement from the EU Members States. For example, the highest local priority in allocating resources available in the African coast Navies has been to face and control smuggling acts. The African States are seeing it as the biggest threat to its maritime security. The widespread problem of piracy appears only as of the third priority of the regional countries. Besides, the perception of the reputation of control centers coordinated by exogenous members (States and individuals) to the region does not result in joint information sharing engagement or even in maritime domain awareness. Thus, this paper that starts from the maritime security's typological conceptual presentation-as a complex, divergent, and convergent concept-presents empirical research and identified actions with potential for greater engagement in the South Atlantic region. It seeks to demonstrate the need for EU analysis of exogenous problems should increase the local point of view problem. It therefore serves both the reflection on many of the action points of the Action Plan of European Union Maritime Security Strategy (EUMSS) and on the competences involved by the EU, in particular, as regards the actual role of the EU and its Member States in relation to the maritime security aspects of EU internal policies and EU external relations, EU in negotiating, concluding and implementing international agreements in this area. On the other hand, it also relates to the accountability of EU Member States with other involved actors (the South Atlantic States, regional organizations, and/or local/multinational private actors).
EU MARITIME SECURITY What is it? Why does it matter?
European Union has lately launched an effort to consolidate its position as a global security actor. In this sense the 2003 European Security Strategy was the first substantial step to this direction. Presently EU is close to editing a very important security strategy document, that of Maritime Security Strategy. This paper outlines the added value of this effort in light of the new emerging threats and challenges included in the document. Initially a comprehensive reference is made to the recent steps and efforts that paved the way and the opportunity for us to today to actually discuss the launch of an EU Maritime Security. Further on, an essential analysis of the new security threats as included in the strategy document follows, along with the expansion of the issues under consideration. Our central viewpoint is that "strategy through synergies" or else "cooperative strategy" at the global level and essentially in line with the European acquis and international law, is the axis -path that EU should follow. In conclusion, we believe that the global aspect of maritime security should not outweigh its regional and national elements respectively.