A Note on the European Union’s Integrated Maritime Policy (original) (raw)

The integrated maritime policy of the European Union in the context of the new oceanic paradigm

2010

The lntegrated Maritime Policy (IMP) of the EU is included within the new maritime policy initiatives arisen in the last years both in developed and developing countries. This article claims that these initiatives are the response to the new challenges in the oceanic domain. The lMP is the European answer to the new oceanic order. In the global context, the lMP competes with other emerging countries with dynamic economies, whose competitiveness rests on not so rigorous social and environmental standards. On the other hand, this article underlines the importance of maritime policies for security, as they contribute to a better governance of the oceanic domain which, to a great extent, Jalls outside the jurisdiction of the States.

Undermining the Integrated Maritime Policy

Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010

The European Union's Integrated Maritime Policy is intended in part to coordinate sectoral policies, to achieve joined-up thinking and action and overcome the inconsistency between policy approaches that has led to the degradation of European seas. An integrated governance would be relatively straightforward if the different interests and actors were operating on the basis of shared values, but they are not. While the fisheries sector, whether large or small-scale, is driven by a commercial imperative which tends towards the greatest extraction of the resource possible, environmentalists would champion the removal of all human impacts, other than redress activity, as the optimum state for the ecosystem. However, the greatest impediment to an integrated approach is the failure to subject the EU's Common Fisheries Policy to the objectives of the Integrated Maritime Policy. Instead, all decisions concerning fisheries will continue to be made in accordance with the Fisheries Regulation which demands exploitation of the fragile resource. Attention needs to be given to how EU fisheries policy is to acquire values beyond that of commercial extraction for immediate economic benefit so that it may cohere with objectives of the Integrated Maritime Policy and aid the regeneration of the seas.

EU Integrated Maritime Policy and multilevel governance

Juridical Tribune, 2019

Marine and coastal environment are under pressure from several pollution sources. Most of the environmental law was developed on a sectoral basis and does not reflect the interdependence of the various issues and their solutions. Since the adoption of Blue Book, EU legislation to protect the marine environment has been progressively implemented in many relevant areas: Fisheries, Shipping, Tourism, energy, etc. The Integrated Maritime Policy covers several cross-cutting policies, more specifically blue growth, marine data and knowledge, maritime spatial planning, integrated maritime surveillance, and sea basin strategies. Oceans and sea are influenced by many activities, interests and policies and are interlinked. A holistic, integrated approach is the best way to handle maritime affairs, with States cooperation not only on an EU States basis but also with third States and International Organizations. International Organizations provide an essential forum for international cooperation in relation to environmental issues. In this context they have two important roles to play: environmental policy-making and the development of international environmental law.

Legal implementation of integrated ocean policies: the EU’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Coastal states increasingly recognise the need to consider the interplay between different exploitation and use activities and their effects on the marine environment. Some states have adopted programmes to establish "integrated ocean policies" which aim at promoting a coordinated governance of the different activities and interests related to the seas. This article describes the hurdles and challenges the European Union faces in developing and implementing its "Integrated Maritime Policy", particularly focussing on its most developed branch, the "Marine Strategy Framework Directive". By providing a detailed insight into this supranational ocean management framework, including an elucidation of its strengths and weaknesses, this analysis will contribute to the world-wide legal discourse on integrated ocean policies.

Conclusion. EU Maritime Foreign and Security Policies: Aims, Actors, and Mechanisms of Integration

The Maritime Turn in EU Foreign and Security Policies

This book set out to provide a comprehensive understanding of EU maritime foreign and security policies, asking to what extent, how, and why the EU is a maritime power in the making. The studies confirm that the EU indeed is becoming maritime global power. The EU now has its own Maritime Security Strategy with a functioning and comprehensive action plan, two major ongoing military naval operations, to a large degree acts with one voice at the international scene, and it has taken important steps in the development of an Arctic policy. In the maritime domain, the EU is no longer only a soft power but increasingly uses military means to respond to new security threats and challenges, also known as 'soft threats' such as piracy and migration. The high number of planned actions agreed in the EUMSS and action plan as well as the maritime focus in the EU's new Global Strategy suggests that we can expect maritime integration and cooperation, including in the military domain, to continue to grow in the years to come. The UK's withdrawal from the EU and the US' more reluctant tone towards guaranteeing Europe's defence will only serve to push this development further. After all, EU leaders have already agreed to deepen cooperation on security and defence in the face of these events (European Council 2017). The findings in this book are thus important also for our understanding of the EU as such. Being the only remaining intergovernmental policy area in the EU and the one most strongly linked to member states' sovereignty, EU foreign and security policies have been referred as a sine qua non in order to achieve full European integration. And EU maritime foreign and security policy indeed takes collective

The European Union as an Actor in the Law of the Sea, with Particular Reference to the Arctic

The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 2018

The first part of this article explores the extent to which the European Union (EU) is an actor in the law of the sea. After explaining when, why and how the EU became such an actor, it considers the legal and political constraints on the capacity of the EU to act; the interests that have shaped its role as an actor; and the various means by which it acts. The second part of the paper applies the conclusions from this analysis to outline the role that the EU has so far played in the ongoing development of the legal regime of the marine Arctic and to predict the role that it will continue to play, especially as regards navigation, fisheries, the exploitation of offshore oil and gas, and the protection of the environment.

Study for the Assessment of the EU’s Role in International Maritime Organisations

The sea is inextricably linked with the well-being of Europe. This is illustrated by the presence of two oceans and four seas: the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, the Baltic, the North Sea, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea. Many different types of activities are taking place on Europe's seas and oceans, of which shipping, ports and fisheries remain key maritime activities. Offshore energy (including oil, gas and renewables) and coastal and marine tourism generate massive revenues. The Community's policies that focus on the above areas are as of yet characterised by a sectoral approach. 5 Policies on maritime transport, fisheries, energy, surveillance and policing of the seas, tourism, the marine environment and marine research have been developed separately. This sectoral approach might hamper coordination and at times may lead to inefficiencies, incoherencies and conflicts of use.

The Concept of Maritime Governance in International Relations

Intenrational Relations, 2019

The aim of the article 1 is the identification of components of maritime governance and evolution of the concept of maritime governance in contemporary International Relations. The main research questions are: what elements constitute the structure of maritime governance and why the role of maritime governance is increasing in the policy of super and regional powers. The answer to these questions will be used to verify the adopted hypothesis which indicates that maritime governance is a dynamic process consisting of interdependent areas of legal regulations, blue economy, security and environmental elements. Their horizontal and vertical interdependence and interrelation while dealing with oceans make maritime governance necessary instrument for super and regional powers to attain their interests. Based on the presented assumptions and purpose, the following structure of the article was adopted. The introduction highlights the role of oceans in the world affairs and presents research questions and hypothesis. In the second part of the article main stages of discourse on maritime governance are discussed and characterized, putting emphasis on the process of shaping its conceptual and terminological framework. Methodological differences and similarities in defining maritime governance are explored. The third part indicates the operational dimension of the concept of maritime governance, presenting the stages of the process of institutionalization of maritime cooperation between states. Finally, the case study of the Integrated Maritime Policy of the European Union is presented to serve as an exemplification of the modern maritime governance. The conclusion of the article contains answers to the research questions posed.