Spent mushroom waste: An emerging bio-fertilizer for improving soil health and plant productivity (original) (raw)
Related papers
BC 3 Mushroom Crop in Agricultural Waste Cleanup
The environment is a life support system and it significantly influences the living organisms and their genes. Decomposers and microorganisms play a major role in maintaining the sustainability of the environment by converting toxic products into a mineralized form and maintaining the nutrient cycle. It is estimated that 62% of the 22 million tons of surplus rice straw is burnt in the field every year and contributes significantly to the black carbon emission from biomass burning. This alarming situation calls for a sustainable approach in crop residue management. Mushroom cultivation offers one such approach. Mushroom farms can act as disposal sites of agriculture residue and at the same time produce quality protein to meet the increasing protein demand. The macro fungi can play a major role in synthesis of non-toxic metal nano-particles from their salts and degradation of diverse crop residues through various enzymes present in them such as ligninases, cellulases, and laccases. Their role also extends to degrading the pesticides and persisting chemicals. This chapter explains the recent advances in mushrooms for effective crop residue utilization.
Mushroom Crop in Agricultural Waste Cleanup
Microbial Biotechnology in Environmental Monitoring and Cleanup, 2018
The environment is a life support system and it significantly influences the living organisms and their genes. Decomposers and microorganisms play a major role in maintaining the sustainability of the environment by converting toxic products into a mineralized form and maintaining the nutrient cycle. It is estimated that 62% of the 22 million tons of surplus rice straw is burnt in the field every year and contributes significantly to the black carbon emission from biomass burning. This alarming situation calls for a sustainable approach in crop residue management. Mushroom cultivation offers one such approach. Mushroom farms can act as disposal sites of agriculture residue and at the same time produce quality protein to meet the increasing protein demand. The macro fungi can play a major role in synthesis of non-toxic metal nano-particles from their salts and degradation of diverse crop residues through various enzymes present in them such as ligninases, cellulases, and laccases. Their role also extends to degrading the pesticides and persisting chemicals. This chapter explains the recent advances in mushrooms for effective crop residue utilization.
Environmentally sustainable applications of agro-based spent mushroom substrate (SMS): an overview
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2018
Agricultural wastes such as lignocellulosic residues are renewable resources can be used for mushroom cultivation. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is defined as leftover of biomass generated by commercial mushroom industries after harvesting period of mushroom. Mushroom cultivation using agricultural wastes promises a good quality of SMS for producing beneficial products such as animal feeding and fertilizers. Based on the published papers, the major applications of SMS are animal feedstock, fertilizer, energy production and wastewater treatment. For instance, some species of mushroom such as Pleurotus spp. and Agaricus bisporus are suitable for applications of ruminant feedstock and fertilizers. This paper reviews the recent studies about the beneficial usage of SMS which is considered as a waste since 2013.
Spent mushroom compost (SMC) – retrieved added value product closing loop in agricultural production
Acta Agraria Debreceniensis
Worldwide edible mushroom production on agro-industrial residues comprises of more than 11 million tons of fresh mushrooms per year. For 1 kg of mushrooms there is 5 kg of spent mushroom compost (SMC). This enormous amount of waste results in disposal problems. However, SMC is a waste product of the mushroom industry, which contains mycelium and high levels of remnant nutrients such as organic substances (N, P, K). The spent mushroom compost is usually intended for utilization, but there are increasing numbers of experiments focusing on its reuse in agricultural and horticultural production. Recently, the increase of the global environmental consciousness and stringent legislation have focused research towards the application of sustainable and circular processes. Innovative and environmentally friendly systems of utilisation of waste streams have increased interest of the scientific community. Circular economy implies that agricultural waste will be the source for retrieving high v...
Composting and vermicomposting of spent mushroom substrate to produce organic fertilizer
Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture
Description or the subject: Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a by-product of the mushroom cultivation industry. Mexico produces more than 350 thousand tons of SMS annually. Attempts have been made to use SMS as a soil amendment, among other applications, with some success. However, leaching from the SMS can discard into groundwater and potentially lead to eutrophication in discharge areas. These problems can be overcome by bioconversion of the waste. Objectives: Thus, the present study aimed to apply composting and vermicomposting methods on a pilot scale, to convert SMS into a highly enriched substrate suitable for soil amendment and horticulture. Method: For this purpose, 800 kg (fresh weight) of SMS was processed by each of the above-mentioned bioconversion methods for 120 days. The physicochemical properties of the initial material (SMS) and the compost and vermicompost obtained at the end of the two processes were analyzed by measuring pH, electrical conductivity, organic matt...
Agricultural Wastes- Potential Substrates For Mushroom Cultivation
European Journal of Experimental Biology
Agricultural wastes disposal is of primary concern in today's world as they are rich in nutrient and their disposal without pretreatment can cause leaching in field, which can cause environment pollution. To overcome this problem, mushroom cultivation on these agricultural wastes is the most ecofriendly method to reduce the level of nutrients at acceptable range to be used as manure. Besides overcoming this problem defined combination of agricultural wastes also gives high yield of mushroom in a cost effective manner.
ILRI works with partners worldwide to help poor people keep their farm animals alive and productive, increase and sustain their livestock and farm productivity, and find profitable markets for their animal products. ILRI's headquarters are in Nairobi, Kenya; we have a principal campus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and 14 offices in other regions of Africa and Asia. ILRI is part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (www.cgiar.org), which works to reduce hunger, poverty and environmental degradation in developing countries by generating and sharing relevant agricultural knowledge, technologies and policies. © 2011 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) This publication is copyrighted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). It is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. To view this license, visit http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/. Unless otherwise no...
Use of spent mushroom compost in sustainable fruit production
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 2004
Mushroom compost is produced from chopped straw, poultry manure, gypsum and water. After the mushrooms have been harvested, the spent compost can be used in organic farming to improve soil water infiltration, water holding capacity, permeability and aeration. Spent mushroom compost contains a lot of salt and unstable organic material, so it should be aged for about two years before applying. This allows for leaching of organic solutes and decomposition of organic matter. Spent mushroom compost contains about 1-2% nitrogen, 0.2% phosphorus and 1.3% potassium. After being aged for 18 months, phosphorus and nitrogen do not change, but potassium can decrease. The characteristics of spent mushroom compost are described, and the possible advantages and disadvantages of using SMC in fruit growing are discussed.
Mushrooms and Mushroom Composts in Integrated Farm Management
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2020
Mushrooms are the source of food and medicine. There are numbers of mushrooms added to the diet and are easy to cultivate on the agric residue riched in carbon source. Mushroom cultivation not only provides a source of food but also helps in the management of agric residue. Moreover, mushroom compost or spent mushroom substrate are used as a biofertilizer and could be included in various components of Integrated farm management. Many research studies reported that mushrooms and mushroom compost would be effective components in increasing farmer's income and reduce the input cost in farms. In this review, we have discussed and compiled the possible integration of mushrooms and mushroom composts in different components of the integrated farming system and farm management.
Utilization of Agro-Industrial Waste by Higher Mushrooms: Modern View and Trends
Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences, 2016
Waste management and providing a world population with rich in protein food are two important problems of which the utilization of agro-industrial (agriculture and food industry) waste by higher mushrooms causes the growing interest of researchers around the world. More than 150 individual types of wastes have been investigated last decade as alternative substrates alone or in various compositions (more than 450 substrates) for cultivation of 52 higher mushroom species (about 100 strains) as evidenced by the results of more than 130 considered in the review scientific publications. All waste is used as a basis for substrates and supplements thereto, are characteristic of the respective continent and region of the world. Publications containing biochemical studies of substrates and fungi confirm that fungi are grown in rich in biologically active substances unconventional substrates, provide a rich biochemical composition of fungi compared with conventional substrates (sawdust, straw...