Impact of Pregnancy Toxemia in Goats on the Survival Rate of Newborn Kids (original) (raw)
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Irish Veterinary Journal, 2016
Background: Pregnancy toxaemia (PT) is a disease that affects pregnant goats during their last month of gestation and is characterized by a high case fatality rate. This study involved 32 does maintained on a commercial dairy goat farm that were diagnosed with PT. A physical examination was performed on and haematology parameters obtained from each doe, at the time of diagnosis. The data from the 24 PT goats that died was compared with the corresponding data from the 8 PT goats that survived. Results: Polypnea, swollen limbs, anorexia with absence of ruminal motility, recumbency, nervous signs and drooping ears were the most frequently observed clinical manifestations. Nineteen out of 21 recumbent goats died. Sixteen out of 17 goats with anorexia and absence of ruminal motility died. Mean beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) values in the goats that died were not significantly different from those in goats that survived. The blood values for pH and pCO 2 (p < 0.005) as well as for HCO 3 − , BE and K + (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the goats that died than in those that survived. Conclusions: The clinical signs most indicative of a poor prognosis are anorexia with absence of ruminal motility and recumbency. Among the blood parameters to be considered, hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis are the most relevant. Goats with PT have a high mortality and their condition can deteriorate very fast. Based on the authors's experience, a good strategy to minimize the economic losses caused by PT is to focus on the offspring survival rate since an early decision (induction of kidding or caesarian surgery) can increase the number of alive kids.
Irish Veterinary Journal, 2019
The objective of this study was to identify the prognostic value for survival of blood parameters in the immediate post-caesarean surgery period in kids born from pregnancy toxaemia (PT) goats. This study involved 10 PT goats, in which a caesarean surgery was performed. Twenty-five kids were born after caesarean surgery of which 16 survived. A blood sample was collected from the jugular vein of the 10 goats and from the kids immediately after caesarean surgery (within 15 min). There were differences between the kids that survived and the kids that did not survive concerning the blood levels of pH (7.22 vs 7.00), base excess (− 9 vs − 18 mmol/L), pCO2 (46 vs 62 mmHg) and L-lactate (5.6 vs 16 mmol/L). Maternal ketoacidosis due to PT has a negative impact on the survival rate of the offspring. This appears to be associated to a metabolic acidosis of the offspring. However, the only blood parameter in which there was a strong association between the maternal and newborn kids was blood u...
The Bovine Practitioner
Pregnancy toxemia is one of the most common diseases in sheep and goats occurring during the last month of gestation. Clinical signs and blood chemistry findings from 22 clinical cases of pregnancy toxemia in dairy goats are described. All were maintained on a single farm that used an intensive dry-lot production system. Clinical signs observed most consistently were anorexia, ruminal atony, polypnea, drooping ears, a preference for recumbency with reluctance to stand or walk, swelling (subcutaneous edema) of the limbs, inability to stand or walk, and neurological signs. Major blood chemistry results showed decreased potassium, glucose, pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). The prognosis was very poor in goats with a case fatality rate of 86%, even though a caesarean section was performed or kidding was induced, and medical treatments were administered in an attempt to correct the underlying glucose deficit and metabolic acidosis. The mortality...
2021
This study was aimed at evaluating the risk factors, alterations in blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), hemato-biochemical biomarkers for earlier detection of pregnancy toxemia (PT) and comparative efficacy of therapeutic protocols in Beetal goats. A total of (N=100) goats between 120-150 days of gestation were examined. Goats having BHB >3 mmol/L were considered positive for PT by employing FreestyleTM Optium Kit. Risk factors parity, age, body weight, number of fetuses, grazing and housing, were significantly (P<0.05) associated with incidence of PT. Packed cell volume (PCV), WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were significantly higher in aff ected animals. Total protein and albumin were low while ALT, AST, ALP, GGT creatinine and BUN were significantly elevated. Twenty-four diseased goats were divided into two groups. Animals in group A were administered with 10% dextrose and propylene glycol orally, twice a day (BID) for three days. Whereas, in group B aforementioned ...
Successful Medical Management of Pregnancy Toxemia in Goats
Journal of Animal Research, 2019
Pregnancy toxaemia is a metabolic disorder that occurs in does and ewes during the late stage of pregnancy. Pregnant does that have low energy levels and having multiple numbers of fetuses are more susceptible to toxaemia. The present study was carried out in twenty five goats in advanced stage of pregnancy with the history of anorexia, torticolis, grinding of teeth, salivation and rigors. On clinical examination of animals, they were dull, depressed with tachycardia, tachypenia, opisthotonus and pale conjunctival mucous membrane. The biochemical parameters revealed hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia. Urine samples were collected and urine analysis revealed positive for ketone bodies. The goats were successfully treated with 25% dextrose i/v as a bolus, multiple electrolytes solution containing 5% dextrose i/v, glycerin orally and Vitamin B-complex injection intramuscularly and all the twenty five animals survived. Out of 25 animals medical termination of pregnancy was done in 21 cases and four animals delivered a live kid.
Prevalence and risk factors for pregnancy toxemia of goats in Jordan
AACL Bioflux
Pregnancy toxemia is one of the most important and economically devastating diseases in small ruminants. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for pregnancy toxemia in different goat breeds in Jordan. Four hundred serum samples from pregnant and recently parturated does were collected and assayed for serum levels of -hydroxybutyrate (BHB). A serum level of BHB of 0.8 mmol/l or more was considered positive indicator for pregnancy toxemia in individual goats. The overall prevalence of pregnancy toxemia in Jordanian goats was 13.3% and the herd prevalence was 87.5%. Does in late stage of pregnancy were more likely (P<0.002) to be affected with subclinical pregnancy toxemia than goats in early stage of pregnancy and from does that had parturated recently. Does from medium-sized herds have more chances (P<0.005) to develop subclinical pregnancy toxemia than does of small or large-sized herds. In addition, having twins was significantly associated (P<0.011) with the occurrence of subclinical pregnancy toxemia. Shami breed were relatively more likely to have positive levels of BHB than mixed or Baladi breeds. The logistic regression model analysis indicates that age, body condition score and parity have no impact on the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia in Jordanian goats. These results are important because it can help enforce management practices that may prevent the occurrence of this economically important disease in Jordan and elsewhere.
Clinical case of pregnancy toxaemia and its therapeutic management in a she goat: A case study
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2017
A pregnant doe was presented with primary complaint of inappetence and recumbency from last 3 days. The most prominent abnormality during clinical examination was weakness in both hind limbs presented by difficulty in standing. History and abdominal ballotment confirmed that the doe were about 4.5 months pregnant. Typical signs of hypocalcemia (“S” shaped posture, sternal recumbency) were seen. Besides that, ketone bodies were also detected from the urine (3+ or 8mmol/L). The doe was aggressively treated for pregnancy toxemia with administration of 1 liter of 20% dextrose and 5 liter of normal saline BID IV for 3 days. 30ml of glycerine (Enerdyna®) was also given orally BID for 3 days as glucose precursor. Along with aggressive fluid therapy supportive treatment was giving which includes flunixin meglumine @ 2.2mg/kg BW IM OD, methylcobalt (Tribivet M) @ 2ml IM OD, Phosphorus (Tonophos) @ 3ml IM OD and antibiotic (Intacef) @ 10mg/kg BW OD for 3 days. In addition, 100 ml of calcium b...
Some Immunohormonal Changes in Experimentally Pregnant Toxemic Goats
Veterinary Medicine International, 2010
Pregnancy toxemia was induced in nine pregnant goat does with twins by the stress of fasting with access to water in late pregnancy to investigate the effect of pregnancy toxemia on immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG), cortisol, insulin, thyroid, and growth hormones and their correlations with the plasma levels of glucose andβ-Hydroxybutyrate. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after induction of pregnancy toxemia. The result revealed that experimental animals developed neurological findings with convulsions and acetone odor from the mouth with recumbency after 72 hours. Laboratory findings showed a significant increase inβ-Hydroxybutyrate, cortisol, and insulin while there were significant decreases in glucose, thyroid, and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG). Plasma glucose concentrations had significant negative correlations withβ-hydroxybutyrate, cortisol, and insulin while the correlations were significantly positive with immunoglobulins and thyroi...
Veterinární medicína, 2014
The purpose of this study was to examine selected serum biochemical parameters and acute phase protein levels in a herd of Saanen goats showing signs of pregnancy toxaemia. Seventy five female goats were used and divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 57) (blood serum glucose levels were within the physiological range), Group 2 (n = 11) (serum glucose values were low) and Group 3 (n = 7) (serum glucose values were high). Goats in Groups 2 and 3 were diagnosed with pregnancy toxaemia. Apart from serum glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), triglycerides, blood pH, calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in all animals. In Group 3 average Hp and SAA values were found to be significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in Groups 1 and 2, and also higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. Acute phase proteins in goats with pregnancy toxaemia may ...
Pregnancy toxaemia is one of the most common diseases affecting small ruminants in the last month of gestation. Nearly 80% of the foetal growth occurs in the last 6 weeks of gestation. Fat goats and goats carrying twins and triplets are at greater risk. Pregnancy toxaemia is characterized by metabolic acidosis, hypoglycaemia and ketonaemia and a very high mortality rate. In our study five does with pregnancy toxaemia showed a marked hyperglycaemia (12.4 ± 5.4 mmol/L). Although our findings are based on a small population sample (10 goats), we nonetheless postulate that hyperglycaemia could be explained by the death of the foetuses. Caesarian surgery was performed on four of the five does with hyperglycaemia (HG does). In the fifth, kidding was induced. In this group, two does had two dead foetuses, two had three dead foetuses and one does had four foetuses, only one of which was alive. Caesarian surgery was performed on all five does with hypoglycaemia (LG does). Four does of the LG...