Hollow-core waveguide characterization by optically induced particle transport (original) (raw)
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Silicon micromachined hollow optical waveguides for sensing applications
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2002
Novel micromachined optical waveguides useful for sensing applications are proposed. The waveguide is designed as hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) and can be easily fabricated using standard silicon micromachining techniques. The hollow structure permits to use the core to confine simultaneously the light and the substance to be probed, leading to an increase of the interaction efficiency.
Embedded air core optical nano-waveguides
Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics, 2010
We propose a nanometer-scale hollow core waveguide that can be fabricated with standard methods on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. High optical confinement in the core is possible, making such a waveguide structure suitable for sensing applications, applications making use of strong optical nonlinearities, and optofluidics applications. We extend a historical method (Marcatili's method) to provide analytical solutions for field distributions in the device and simulate power confinement, intensity, and parametric dependencies with beam propagation and finite-difference time-domain methods for two polarizations. In an example worked out, the optical confinement in the air core is ϳ40% of the total waveguide power, which is favorable to that of a standard slot waveguide. The intensity per m 2 in the hollow core is 95% higher than in the silicon cladding region, indicating that avoiding optical nonlinearities is also possible.
Integrated silicon optical sensors based on hollow core waveguide
2007
In this work we show that integrated silicon hollow core AntiResonant Reflecting Optical Waveguide (ARROW) can be used as a basic tool for the realization of optical sensors. ARROW waveguides, with hollow core, permit to confine the light in a low refractive index liquid core, by means of two cladding layers designed to form a high reflectivity Fabry- Perot antiresonant cavity. This arrangement allows to realize microchannels that can simultaneously act as microfluidic networks and optical waveguides with a strong advantage in the integration and with an increased interaction efficiency between the light and the liquid substance that can be very useful in sensing applications (fluorescence, absorption spectroscopy, etc.). Another ARROW waveguides advantage is the ability to tailor the wavelength response of the device. In fact, the waveguide propagation losses strongly depend on the change of the resonant condition inside the interference cladding. In this paper we report three sens...
Improving solid to hollow core transmission for integrated ARROW waveguides
Optics Express, 2008
Optical sensing platforms based on anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) with hollow cores have been used for bioanalysis and atomic spectroscopy. These integrated platforms require that hollow waveguides interface with standard solid waveguides on the substrate to couple light into and out of test media. Previous designs required light at these interfaces to pass through the anti-resonant layers. We present a new ARROW design which coats the top and sides of the hollow core with only SiO 2 , allowing for high interface transmission between solid and hollow waveguides. The improvement in interface transmission with this design is demonstrated experimentally and increases from 35% to 79%. Given these parameters, higher optical throughputs are possible using single SiO 2 coatings when hollow waveguides are shorter than 5.8 mm.
Integrated hollow waveguides with arch-shaped cores
2006
An optical waveguide is described that has a hollow arch-shaped core. Optical confinement for this structure is based on the antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide principle. The waveguides are built on a silicon substrate using a sacrificial etch technique with reflowed photoresist serving as the sacrificial material and producing the core's arch shape. Investigations of fabrication parameters are reported that allow for predicting a final arch-shaped geometry based on initial photoresist width and thickness. Optical mode guiding is demonstrated in an arch-shaped waveguide with a liquid core.
Liquid Core ARROW Waveguides: A Promising Photonic Structure for Integrated Optofluidic Microsensors
Micromachines, 2016
In this paper, we introduce a liquid core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) as a novel optofluidic device that can be used to create innovative and highly functional microsensors. Liquid core ARROWs, with their dual ability to guide the light and the fluids in the same microchannel, have shown great potential as an optofluidic tool for quantitative spectroscopic analysis. ARROWs feature a planar architecture and, hence, are particularly attractive for chip scale integrated system. Step by step, several improvements have been made in recent years towards the implementation of these waveguides in a complete on-chip system for highly-sensitive detection down to the single molecule level. We review applications of liquid ARROWs for fluids sensing and discuss recent results and trends in the developments and applications of liquid ARROW in biomedical and biochemical research. The results outlined show that the strong light matter interaction occurring in the optofluidic channel of an ARROW and the versatility offered by the fabrication methods makes these waveguides a very promising building block for optofluidic sensor development.
Single-Photon Nonlinear Optics in Integrated Hollow-Core Waveguides
2010
The overarching goal of the project was to develop a brand new type of miniaturized rubidium (Rb) cells in integrated ARROW waveguides and to demonstrate their use for quantum interference effects such as EIT, slow light, and low-level quantum-optical devices. The project was extraordinarily successful. We successfully demonstrated the first fully self-contained chip-scale atomic spectroscopy chip along with world record slow light on a photonic chip. These results have been disseminated in numerous publications and invited conference presentations (see below), most notably two seminal Nature Photonics articles and an invited review for Laser and Photonics Reviews. Our new technology is attracting growing interest from researchers and media across the globe and has large potential for future expansion and improvement. this work or contain elements related to this project (Dongliang Yin, UCSC; Philip Measor, UCSC; Evan Lunt, BYU; John Barber, BYU).
Propagation of submillimetre laser beams in hollow waveguides
Quantum Electronics, 2005
The possibility of self-consistent determination of instanton liquid parameters is discussed together with the definition of optimal pseudo-particle configurations and comparing the various pseudo-particle ensembles. The weakening of repulsive interactions between pseudo-particles is argued and estimated.
IEEE Sensors Journal, 2009
We present a high-throughput optofluidic light waveguide system consisting of etched microchannels in silicon using water as the core and an ultra low refractive index nanoporous dielectric (ND) as the cladding Organosilicate nanoparticulate films with refractive index of 1.16 have been used as the cladding layer. Although NDs offers many advantages over Teflon AF for use as the cladding layer, integration of these coatings to the waveguide design is not trivial. In this paper, we address the various integration issues of the NDs to the liquid core waveguide architecture followed by testing of these waveguides for their light guiding capability. Compared to uncoated channels, ND clad channels offer a high light guiding efficiency. In addition, the high surface areas associated with them could be potentially used to immobilize higher density of sensor probes implying a great potential for biosensor applications in an integrated system.
IEEE Sensors Journal, 2009
We present a high-throughput optofluidic light waveguide system consisting of etched microchannels in silicon using water as the core and an ultra low refractive index nanoporous dielectric (ND) as the cladding Organosilicate nanoparticulate films with refractive index of 1.16 have been used as the cladding layer. Although NDs offers many advantages over Teflon AF for use as the cladding layer, integration of these coatings to the waveguide design is not trivial. In this paper, we address the various integration issues of the NDs to the liquid core waveguide architecture followed by testing of these waveguides for their light guiding capability. Compared to uncoated channels, ND clad channels offer a high light guiding efficiency. In addition, the high surface areas associated with them could be potentially used to immobilize higher density of sensor probes implying a great potential for biosensor applications in an integrated system.