Treatment Modalities of Obesity (original) (raw)

Obesity – A global Burden, Crucial Problem for the Society

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, 2018

Objectives: To aware doctors, patients, food producers and consumers. Data source: Online search via Google, 70 articles were down loaded, 52 valid papers were selected. Only 12 full text articles were eligible for review. Obesity rates have increased sharply over the past 30 years, creating a global public health crisis. The impact of obesity on morbidity, mortality, and health care costs is profound. Obesity and weight related complications exert a huge burden on patient suffering and social costs. In recent years, exciting advances have occurred in all 3 modalities used to treat obesity: lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and weight-loss procedures including bariatric surgery. Obese individuals lose approximately 6 to 8 kg (approximately 6% to 8% of initial weight) with 6 months of participation in a high-intensity lifestyle intervention ($ 14 treatment visits) consisting of diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy. Such losses reduce progression to type 2 diabetes in at-risk people and decrease blood pressure and triglyceride levels. All diets, regardless of macronutrient composition, can produce clinically meaningful weight loss (.5%) if they induce a deficit of 500 kcal/d. Physical activity of 150 to 180 min/week yields modest short-term weight loss compared with diet but contributes to improvements in obesity-related conditions. Gradual weight regain is common after lifestyle intervention but can be prevented by continued participation in monthly weight loss maintenance sessions, as well as by high levels of physical activity (ie, 200 to 300min/wk). Patients unable to reduce satisfactorily with lifestyle intervention may be candidates for pharmacotherapy, recommended as an adjunct. Five medications have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for chronic weight management, and each has its own risk/benefit profile. The addition of these medications to lifestyle intervention increases mean weight loss by 2.5 to 8.9 kg compared with placebo. Patients with severe obesity who are unable to reduce successfully with lifestyle intervention and pharmacotherapy are eligible for bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or adjustable gastric banding.

Obesity and its treatment

2008

Abstract The latest global figures from the World Health Organization (WHO) from 2005 indicate that approximately 1.6 billion adults are overweight and at least 400 million are obese, ie, have a body mass index (BMI= weight/height 2) in excess of 30. By 2015, these figures are projected to rise to 2.3 billion (one-third of the world population) and more than 700 million, respectively.

The prevention and treatment of obesity

Deutsches Ärzteblatt international, 2014

The high prevalence of obesity (24% of the adult population) and its adverse effects on health call for effective prevention and treatment. Pertinent articles were retrieved by a systematic literature search for the period 2005 to 2012. A total of 4495 abstracts were examined. 119 publications were analyzed, and recommendations were issued in a structured consensus procedure by an interdisciplinary committee with the participation of ten medical specialty societies. Obesity (body-mass index [BMI] ge;30 kg/m2) is considered to be a chronic disease. Its prevention is especially important. For obese persons, it is recommended that a diet with an energy deficit of 500 kcal/day and a low energy density should be instituted for the purpose of weight loss and stabilization of a lower weight. The relative proportion of macronutrients is of secondary importance for weight loss. If the BMI exceeds 30 kg/m2, formula products can be used for a limited time. More physical exercise in everyday li...

Disease Burden, Mechanism and Management of Obesity – Where Do We Stand?

Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine

The role of increased body mass index in general morbidity and mortality is well documented. This global public health issue continues to represent a major burden and threat to health systems and the population’s wellbeing. Global statistics show that the prevalence of obesity has increased about three times since the mid-1970s, and an upward trend is still observed, not only in developed but also in developing countries. We used several databases, including PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, to perform a literature search and review on obesity. Keywords such as “obesity”, “overweight”, and “BMI” were used in combination with multiple keywords such as “mechanism”, “factors”, “socio-economic”, “environmental”, “social determinants”, “management”, “treatment”, “non-traditional treatment”, “alternative therapies”, “non-pharmaceutical treatment” etc. and related phrases. According to the literature, the management of obesity is difficult due to the complex nature of this problem in t...

Recommendations For The Management of Obesity

Medicine Science | International Medical Journal, 2014

Obesity, which results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, is one of the most important health issues of our day, and is associated with many diseases such as type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, increased cancer risk, osteoarthritis, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Achieving long-term weight management in the course of obesity treatment is not possible as long as significant changes in life style are not implemented. In this manuscript, we present a simple and feasible treatment model that we employ in the management of obesity.

Obesity: A Real Global Health Concern

Obesity, also known as the new world syndrome, is a fast emerging health problem, multi-factorial in nature and is associated with various significant diseases like hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, type-2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apneas, osteoarthritis and few cancers. The management of obesity requires a range of strategies for individuals with existing obesity and also for those who are at high risk of developing obesity. This short review highlights the role of lifestyle modification which has now become the initial approach for the management of obesity, overweight and many other associated diseases.