A comparative study of basic types of energy meters and metering (original) (raw)
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Review on Electric Billing Energy Meters
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology -IJRASET, 2020
The electricity provided for domestic uses or industrial uses is billed by the energy department by installing meters at every consumer's domestic or industrial units. The consumers are billed according to the electricity consumed and fixed per unit price which can change according to the geographical locations and areas. The per unit price is fixed by the energy departments. Energy meters are very important devices for measuring and monitoring the electricity consumed. There has been an evolution in techniques in energy meters and various technological up-gradations have taken place. This paper focuses on various technologies implemented for energy meters and the techniques which are developing or still under consideration. I. INTRODUCTION In today's times with the ever growing technological advancements and rapid industrialisation, there has been a tremendous increase in energy demands and electricity usage has been in every sector. Energy Departments of various cities are responsible for maintaining and providing electricity to consumers. The Energy departments also provide standard installation of energy meters to allotted and registered users. The consumers are then billed according to their own electricity usage in a transparent manner. The billing section gets the information of the consumed units and then the price per unit decides the final bill for each and every user. With the advent of technology there has been a change in basic design of electric billing meters. The earlier used energy meters were of electromechanical type and with changing techniques of implementation it is now of electronic type. Some of the features which must be available in modern energy meters are: 1) Higher speed. 2) Improved load profile. 3) Automatic billing invoice. 4) Real time energy cost. 5) Load management. 6) Alarm warning. 7) Remote power switches on/off. 8) Tamper detection. To include these features, the energy meter should automatically send the bills to the user i.e., without any need of manual bill readings. The meters then must be incorporated with reed switch or a sensing mechanism to detect tampering and also should be connected wirelessly to the main station. Different techniques can be implemented to provide bills to the users which can be by providing messages for the bills or providing information to users through apps on registered mobile numbers. The energy billing meters must be first analysed for its techniques and designs as it is going to be implemented as a long term evolution technique. The bills can be implemented in post-paid form or prepaid form. The use of internet as a technology has added another benefit of online payments which can help customers to pay the bills without the need of going and standing in the billing queues. Fig.1 shows the basic two meters.
Providing Cost Save by Using Electronic Meters in Residental Areas
Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology, 2016
In our country, the demand for electrical energy, which is a development indicator, is increasing day by day. Due to the limited energy resources to meet this growing demand for energy it is not only able to meet the increasing production. Therefore, the current system of electricity generation, transmission and distribution used more efficiently that is electrical energy saving has become very important today. For energy saving, advanced clock application and use of electronic meter such administrative precaution and the correction of power factor such technical precaution. The most important administrative precaution to reduce the use of energy at the most consumed period and hours is to apply a higher price rate at these hours. Thus, by shifting the cosumption at these hours to other suitable hours, a balanced energy consumption may be obtained. The measurement and billing of electric energy used within the day at different times are done by means of electronic meters. In this study, it explained how to achieve saving through the use of electronic meter and suggestions were made.
Electricity Meter with the Facility to Determine the Quality of the Electricity Supplied
Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, 2022
Many areas of activity face the problem of electricity quality. At the same time, diagnosing the quality of the energy provided makes it possible to identify and remedy problems that have arisen in the system. Advanced signal processing techniques and the use of advanced systems allow for a complex analysis of the phenomenon. The paper presents an electricity meter equipped with an electricity quality analysis system. It was developed based on the Xilinx Artix-7 programmable logic matrix. A Digilent Arty A7 development board was used due to its design and experimentation facilities. The developed system determines the power consumed and the main elements that define the quality of electricity: harmonics and other deviations from the frequency of nominal power supply, flicker, voltage gaps, voltage variations, transient surge, temporary surge, etc. The possibility of using an embedded system equipped with the Microblaze soft microprocessor, the existence of a 12-bit analog-digital co...
A Reviev Paper on Automatic Energy Meter Reading System
2022
The focus of this study was on the automatic reading of energy meter for billing purposes.[1] This task is accomplished using remote metre readings using GSM technology, which is used for remote readings as and when needed. As a result, there is no need to send somebody to the customer's location to gather manual readings. Smart energy metre (SEM) are these types of metre that can communicate directionally and push data without the utility's intervention. Another advantage of this method is that it can disconnect customer load if it exceeds its predefined load limit by simply sending an SMS to the client once the load is disconnected. Both the utility and the client have access to it.
Revamped Electric Eenergy Meter against Higher Utility Prices
International Journal of Technology and Engineering Studies, 2019
Due to an increase in home appliances, the demand for electricity has much increased in recent years. Many people are clueless about the energy consumed by various electric appliances. An electric energy meter has the ability to measure the total amount of energy consumed by home appliances and in business areas. The revamped electric energy meter is a microcontroller-based electronic circuit which facilitates the consumer to set the limit of units for home appliances according to his budget. The proposed energy meter facilitates the user to recharge the balance in meter or to set the number of units according to his requirement;once the half of total balance or units is consumed, the meter will start alerting the user about the current status of billing and unit consumption through SMS and voice module. The modified energy meter mainly aims at the middle-class and lower-class families to bring their electricity bill down with the help of power consumption alert system. It also helps the Government as it helps in reducing the power consumption and can reduce unusual power usage. The proposed electric energy meter also facilitates to monitor the meter reading through SMS alert every thirty days.
2020
The electricity meter installed in all household utilities is the instrument used to measure the electricity consumed by users. The energy consumed is displayed on the screen in each instrument. In addition to performing the measuring function it is also used for sending the power consumption data remotely, for the subsequent issuance of the energy bill. This latter function of the electricity meter (sending data remotely) creates many problems of both technical and legal nature as the consumption shown in the display are not considered in the process of setting energy bills. These problems affect public faith and the presence of estimated data in the bill is an indicator of unreliability of the billing system. The subject is dealt with the support of the decision of the supreme judges of the European High Court in a similar case and a solution to this legal vacuum is proposed.
Rancang Bangun Smart Energy Meter Berbasis UNO dan Raspberry Pi
Jurnal Rekayasa Elektrika, 2018
Perkembangan beban-beban listrik sangat pesat dan bervariasi. Beban-beban listrik linear seperti pemanas, rice cooker, motor-motor listrik, microwave, dan lain sebagainya. Beban-beban listrik nonlinear seperti lampu LED, charger mobile phone (HP), charger sepeda listrik, dan charger mobil listrik. Beban-beban listrik nonlinear memberikan dampak distorsi gelombang arus pada sistem [1, 2, 3]. Distorsi gelombang arus disebut harmonik arus. Harmonik arus fungsi waktu merupakan jumlah dari gelombang-gelombang sinus dengan frekuensi kelipatan integer dari frekuensi dasar. Harmonik arus menyebabkan nilai RMS arus lebih tinggi, sehingga susut energi dan suhu konduktor meningkat, umur ekonomis transformator dan motor-motor listrik berkurang, dan rele salah bekerja, bahkan gagal men-trip-kan circuit breaker [4]. Harmonik menjadi salah satu penyebab masalah kualitas daya. Kualitas daya rendah menyebabkan pengukuran pada energi meter tidak valid. Energi meter jenis digital menghasilkan kesalahan ukur lebih kecil dari pada meter analog untuk sistem dengan masalah kualitas daya [5]. Perkembangan desain energy meter digital sangat pesat. Energy meter digital yang dikembangkan adalah smart energy meter. Smart energy meter mempunyai informasi tambahan seperti besar energi yang terpakai dalam kWh dan harga energi tersebut. Smart meter dirancang untuk mempermudah pemantauan energi oleh konsumen dan produsen [6, 7]. Revolusi dalam produksi energi dari jaringan akibat penetrasi pembangkit
A Research Paper on Automated Meter System
2021
The present system of energy metering as well as billing in India uses electromechanical and somewhere digital energy meter. It consume more time and Labour. One of the prime reasons is the tradition billing system which is incorrect. Many times slow, costly and lack in flexibility as well as reliability. Today accuracy in electrical billing is highly recommended. The smart energy meter gives real time consumption as well as accurate billing. A possible solution is a Wireless Energy Meter which is able to send its data via wireless communication to PC or a remote device where monitoring and analysis of the data will be easily made. In smart metering there is a different technique in communication system like Amazon Machine Image (AMI), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX), and Zig-bee etc. This paper presents a brief literature review of the work carried out by the various researchers in this field by using AMI techniques. And also the various communication system...
PREPAID ENERGY METER FOR IMPROVED METERING AND BILLING SYSTEM Amit
2015
installed in every consumer unit and a back-end database at the EB office which calculates the amount to be paid according to the number of units consumed. The GSM Digital Power Meter is a single phase digital kWh power meter with embedded GSM modem which utilizes the GSM network to send its power usage reading using Short Messaging Service (SMS) back to the energy provider wirelessly. The user interface also consists of LCD which displays the amount of power consumed. The advantages of the proposed system make the existing system incompetent. It is possible to connect to remote areas as it employs wireless technology. The new system is user friendly, easy to access and far more efficient than the existing system.