HSOA Journal of Agronomy & Agricultural Science Research Article (original) (raw)
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Fattening trial of draught oxen was conducted at two rural villages (Robit Bata and SosetuYenesa) in Bahir Dar Zuria district to evaluate the contribution of mixture of noug seed cake and wheat bran supplementation compared to farmers feeding practice on body weight changes and economic return. Final body weight and average daily gain (ADG) from 1-45 days were significantly (p< 0.05) higher for the concentrate supplemented oxen. Though body weight gain, ADG from 1-15 days & 1-75 days were higher for the supplemented oxen, the differences were not statistically significant. Economic analysis showed significantly (p< 0.05) higher gross and net return from supplemented oxen than non-supplemented oxen. Therefore, in areas where industrial by-products (noug seed cake and wheat bran) could be purchased in relatively low price, fattening of draught oxen through concentrate supplementation could generate better income from increased body weight and improved body condition of the animals.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 1995
and in mid-November (spring). Between September and November the oxen were randomly assigned to 3 feeding groups: no supplement (control), 400g/head per day of cobsheath-groundnut stover for 70 days and 800g/head per day of the same supplement for 35 days. Cobsheath-groundnut stover was fed in order to determine its potential as supplementary feed for draught oxen during the dry season. The liveweight (LW) lost by heavy tTxen during winter ploughing was lower (P < 0.001) than that of light oxen. During spring ploughing heavy oxen again lost less (P < 0"001) LW than light ones. In addition, non-supplemented oxen lost more LW than those supplemented. Therefore feeding strategies for Mashona draught oxen should aim at providing adequate nutrients to at least maintain LW during the dry season. Heavy oxen outperformed (P < 0.001) light ones during winter ploughing. Work output of supplemented oxen in spring was also significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of non-supplemented ones. This result demonstrated the benefits of supplementary feed during the dry season. Concentrations of lactate and free fatty acids in plasma, heart rates and rectal temperatures increased (P < 0.05) markedly during work. The increases were higher (P < 0"05) for light oxen, particularly those not fed supplement.
Journal of Waste Water Treatment & Analysis, 2016
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing Taro (Bolosso-1), Enset corm and Sugarcane stock on feed intake, weight gain and net return of fattening local oxen. Sixteen local un-castrated oxen of about 5 years' age and average weight of 249 kg were used as Enset corm and Sugarcane. A completely randomized design was used and 4 bulls were allotted to a treatment. The result showed that bulls supplemented with Taro treatment had significantly (P<0.05) higher daily intake of a total dry matter (8.26 kg/bull) and nutrients while the daily intake of fresh grass (5.33 kg/bull) on no supplemented treatment had significantly higher (p<0.05). Bulls supplemented with Taro treatment had significantly (P<0.05) higher average daily weight gain (0.75 kg/bull) and lower feed to gain ratio (11.14). The extent of lean and fat meat per unit of animal implies that the amounts of total value added inform of raw meat in hotels and restaurants exceed 20,080 Birr. This also indicates that the specific value chain actors added more than 100% value for the live cattle that marketed 9500 Birr in the district. The highest and lowest net return was obtained from bulls fed Taro based supplement and sugarcane based supplement, respectively. It was concluded that fattening bulls by using Taro as energy supplement is recommended for the areas where Taro is available and cheap. Market actors that sell raw meat overexploit profit margin belong to producers that need systematic government intervention for efficient benefit share. Introduction Borana beef cattle with appropriate feeding intervention is believed to optimize the economics gains of actors in beef value chain.
This study was conducted at Andassa Livestock Research Center to evaluate the fattening potential of two breeds of cattle in Amhara region and evaluate the economic feasibility of feed treatments. Twenty four (12 Adet and 12 Fogera) old oxen were evaluated for a period of 90 days allotted to three different feeding levels. The experimental oxen were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to the different concentrate feeding levels. Analyses were involved 2 by 3 factorial arrangements with breed and feed level groups respectively. Hay was provided as a basic ration adlibitum. Dry matter intake, body weight, and body condition were recorded. Analysis of results showed that except for total acid detergent fiber intake and total neutral detergent fiber intake, least square means were significant between treatments (P<0.01; P<0.001). Total TDMI per day was also highly significant between breeds and feeding levels (P<0.01). The feed conversion efficiency of the experimental animals were not significantly different (P>0.05) consistently between breed, treatment and the interaction between breed and feeding level. Final body weight and weight gain and average daily gain of experimental animals were highly significant between breeds (P<0.01). The Net return (ETB head-1 per 90 days) for Fogera oxen was 2811.92, 4474.84 and 4799.76 for 2 kg, 4 kg and 6 kg concentrate feeding levels respectively. The Net return (ETB head-1 per 90 days) of Adet oxen were 2849.92, 2561.84 and 1949.76 for 2 Kg, 4 kg and 6 kg concentrate feeding levels. The study indicated that the economical fattening period for fogera cattle is 10 weeks. The results of this study indicated that Fogera oxen has higher fattening potential compared to Adet oxen in terms of weight gain, average daily gain and economics of fattening(gross return, net return and marginal rate of return. From the results of this study it is wise to recommend 2 kg and 5.1 kg of concentrate ration supplementation per day for Adet and Fogera cattle breed respectively. Besides, given the same feeding regime, it is recommended that Fogera cattle should be fattened for 75 days excluding the adaptation period than the conventional 3 months.
2020
Research Paper This study was conducted at Andassa Livestock Research Center to evaluate the fattening potential of two breeds of cattle in Amhara region and evaluate the economic feasibility of feed treatments. Twenty four (12 Adet and 12 Fogera) old oxen were evaluated for a period of 90 days allotted to three different feeding levels. The experimental oxen were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to the different concentrate feeding levels. Analyses were involved 2 by 3 factorial arrangements with breed and feed level groups respectively. Hay was provided as a basic ration adlibitum. Dry matter intake, body weight, and body condition were recorded. Analysis of results showed that except for total acid detergent fiber intake and total neutral detergent fiber intake, least square means were significant between treatments (P<0.01; P<0.001). Total TDMI per day was also highly significant between breeds and feeding levels (P<0.01). The feed conversion efficiency of the ex...
On-farm study was conducted to evaluate the effects of enset (Ensete ventricousm) leaf supplementation on doe's milk yield and composition and growth rates of their kids. Forty-eight pregnant does were randomly divided into four feeding groups of twelve animals per treatment in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was further divided into three replications of four animals per replications. The treatments were: grazing only (T1), 74 g + grazing (T2), 148 g + grazing (T3) and 220 g + grazing (T4) on dry matter (DM) basis of enset leaf supplementation. Kids were allowed to suckle their dams during daytime up to 90 days and milk was measured every morning after overnight separation of kids and dams. Increasing the levels of enset leaf increased (p<0.05) enset leaf DM intake. The crude protein intake at a higher level (T4) was higher (p<0.05) than that of T3 and T2. Milk yield was higher (p<0.05) in the supplemented does than non-supplemented ones. The average milk yield (liter/day) was observed to be 0.37, 0.59, 0.50, and 0.45 for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Growth rates of kids from the supplemented does were higher (p<0.05) than the non-supplemented ones. The average daily gain (g) was 79.3, 90.4, 99.1 and 94.6 for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The highest (p<0.05) fat content was observed for T2 and the lowest for the control (T1) goats. Protein content of milk increased (P<0.05) with increasing levels of supplementation. Supplementary, feeding improved milk yield as well as protein and fat contents thereby enhancing the growth performance of the kids. It can, therefore, be inferred that supplementation of does with enset leaves can assist in overall improvement in family income and also nutrition of the small holder farmers in general in addition to improving the growth performance of kids.
2013
On-farm study was conducted to evaluate the effects of enset (Ensete ventricousm) leaf supplementation on doe’s milk yield and composition and growth rates of their kids. Fortyeight pregnant does were randomly divided into four feeding groups of twelve animals per treatment in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was further divided into three replications of four animals per replications. The treatments were: grazing only (T1), 74 g + grazing (T2), 148 g + grazing (T3) and 220 g + grazing (T4) on dry matter (DM) basis of enset leaf supplementation. Kids were allowed to suckle their dams during daytime up to 90 days and milk was measured every morning after overnight separation of kids and dams. Increasing the levels of enset leaf increased (p<0.05) enset leaf DM intake. The crude protein intake at a higher level (T4) was higher (p<0.05) than that of T3 and T2. Milk yield was higher (p<0.05) in the supplemented does than non-supplemented ones. The average milk yie...
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 2017
The main objective of the study was to create a wider demand and assess the farmer's perception on ox fattening technique by using locally available rice straw and concentrate supplementation. A total of 55 oxen with similar age and body condition were selected for the study from 44 volunteer participant farmers. Urea treated rice straw used as a basal diet and 3 kg concentrate as a supplement per ox per day were used as the experimental animals. The feeding experiment was done for 105 days including 15 days acclimatization period. The analytical result showed that the average weight of the fattened oxen changed from 313.4 to 407.2 kg. The partial budget analysis result also showed that ox fattening by using the above method of feeding and management was profitable with average net benefit of 1654 ETB. The sensitivity analysis result showed that if the price of output becomes constant and the price of the inputs rise by 20%, the fattening by using the above method has a positive return. Farmers report on the fattening technology during field day is very appreciable and they are willing to continue with the same method of fattening. Based on the result, fattening sector generates an alternative income for small holder farmer's livelihood diversification.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2009
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a herbaceous perennial monocarpic crop which morphologically resembles a banana plant although banana is in a different but related genus Musa. Enset has paddle-shaped leaves, pseudostem and an underground corm. Our unpublished data showed that the pseudostem, corm, leaf lamina and leaf midrib make up 53%, 24%, 11% and 12%, respectively, of the enset plant on a dry matter (DM) basis. The pseudostem may attain a diameter of 1 m and a height of 12 m (Birmeta et al., 2002). Cultivated enset grows in a wider area comprising the central, south and southwestern parts of Ethiopia and it is used as a staple food by 7-10 million people and its use is expanding in other parts of the country (Tsegaye and Struik, 2000). In addition to its use as a source of carbohydraterich human food, enset is utilized as animal forage. Cut fresh enset leaves contribute to livestock diets in all areas where enset is grown (Tolera, 1990; Fekadu, 1996) and they may be used for as long as 7-8 months (Yilma, 2001) and even throughout the year (Karin and Alemu, 1995) in some agro-ecological areas such as the highlands of Sidama and Gedeo. Sometimes the whole enset plant is chopped and fed to livestock during the dry seasons (Tolera, 1990; Fekadu, 1996). Desta and Oba (2004) showed that