Mermithid parasitism of shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis ) infesting ginger and turmeric and its biocontrol potential (original) (raw)
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Efficacy of some entomopathogenic nematodes against insect pests of ginger and their multiplication
2012
The efficacies of eight native entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were tested against larvae of hairy caterpillar, Euproctis sp., and larvae and pupae of the shoot borer, Conogethes punctiferalis, and their multiplication was assessed. The penetration of these nematodes in the shoot borer larvae was also assessed. Of the tested EPNs, all isolates, except IISR 08 of Oscheius sp., caused 100% mortality to larvae of hairy caterpillar. Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR 01), Steinernema sp. (IISR 02) and Oscheius sp. (IISR 07 and 08) caused 100% mortality also to shoot borer larvae. Oscheius sp. (IISR 07) was the most virulent against the shoot borer pupae, causing 100% mortality, followed by Steinernema sp. (IISR 02) and Oscheius sp. (IISR 05) which killed 67% of the pupae. The multiplication of infective juveniles (IJs) of EPNs was greater in shoot borer larvae than in hairy caterpillar. The greatest number of infective juveniles was observed for Steinernema sp. (IISR 02) followed by Oscheius s...
Mermithid nematodes isolated from the shield bug Parastrachia japonensis
Nematological Research (Japanese Journal of Nematology), 2020
necessary for the identification, are difficult to obtain. These difficulties hinder the study of mermithid nematodes. The shield bug, Parastrachia japonensis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), is a univoltine insect that is distributed from Kyusyu in Japan to Yunnan province in China (Schaefer et al., ; Zhu et al.,). This insect species has synchronized its life cycle to its sole host plant Schoepfia jasminodora (Schoepfiaceae) (Tachikawa and Schaefer, ; Tsukamoto and Tojo,). The reproductive period of the insect in Saga, Japan, starts in April when S. jasminodora starts blooming and the insect mates; nymphs feed only on drupes of the host tree from June to early August when drupes are available on the ground. In August, newly emerged adults aggregate and spend one or two years in the reproductive diapause state on the leaves of broadleaf evergreen trees and trunks of trees or in soil during summer and winter hibernation until they enter the reproductive mode in spring (Fig. A, B). Because the insect only feeds on the drupes of S. jasminodora, the distribution of the insect is limited by that of the host plant.
Indian journal of nematology, 2014
Random survey for naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) ecosystem were undertaken from different agro-climatic regions in India. Two hundred and two soil samples were collected from different locations of districts Kozhikode, Wayanad, Kottayam, Idukki (Kerala), Kodagu (Karnataka), Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), Kolasib (Mizoram), Faizabad (Uttar Pradesh) and Barapani (Meghalaya) for determination of EPN population. Out of 202 soil samples baited out, eight samples were found to be positive to EPNs. Among these strains, three EPNs were from Kozhikode district, three from Idukki district and one each from Wayanad and Faizabad districts. Out of the eight EPNs isolated, three species belong to genus Steinernema; one to Heterorhabditis and four to Oscheius. These EPNs have been identified on the basis of morphometric and morphological characterization. Four hundred and twenty four pseudostems of ginger infested with shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) larvae were collected from the different localities of Kozhikode, Wayanad and Kodagu districts and 112 larvae were found dead. Among dead larvae, only one EPN, namely Oscheius sp. was recorded from the shoot borer larvae. Our survey revealed that, Oscheius spp. and Steinernema spp. widely occur and S. ramanai and O. gingeri reported as news species from the rhizosphere of ginger. These EPNs have great potential for biological control of insect pests of ginger.
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2015
Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) has become a pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.), in the United States. While several natural enemies of M. cribraria have been reported, our study is the first to report nematodes beneath the pleural membranes in the abdominal cavities of adults. Morphological and molecular analyses suggest this nematode belongs to the family Mermithidae. This first report of a nematode infection in M. cribraria adds to the current inventory of enemies attacking this insect. Our observations provide a basis for future research to examine the impact of nematodes on M. cribraria mortality and to investigate their capacity to reduce populations.
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1978
Disease epizootics in laboratory cultures of the mermithid nematode Romanomermis culicivorax were caused by a chytridiomycetous fungal parasite, Catenaria anguillulae.
Penetration and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes against Lema sp. infesting turmeric
Indian Society for Spices, 2014
Penetration and infectivity of eight native isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 01); Steinernema sp. (IISR-EPN 02); S. ramanai (IISR-EPN 03); S. carpocapsae (IISR-EPN 06), Oscheius gingeri (IISR-EPN 07) and Oscheius spp. (IISR-EPN 04, 05 and 08) were evaluated against larvae of leaf feeder (LF) Lema sp. infesting turmeric. Among the tested EPNs, Steinernema sp. (IISR-EPN 02) and O. gingeri (IISR-EPN 07) were more pathogenic to LF larva as they brought about 100% mortality to the insect within 48 h post exposure, followed by Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 01) and Oscheius sp. (IISR-EPN 08) after 72 h of exposure. S. ramanai (IISR-EPN 03) and Oscheius spp. (IISR-EPN 04 and 05) took 96 and 120 h, respectively, to kill the test insect. Lema sp. larva was the most suitable host for multiplication of infective juveniles (IJs) of O. gingeri (IISR-EPN 07), which yielded 11, 480 IJs larva-1 , followed by Steinernema sp. (IISR-EPN 02) (8, 658 IJs larva-1) and S. carpocapsae (IISR-EPN 06) (6, 810 IJs larva-1), however, Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 01) less multiplied. The maximum number of Steinernema sp. (IISR-EPN 02) IJs penetrated into test larva (17.5 IJs larva-1), followed by S. carpocapsae (IISR-EPN 06) (10.2 IJs larva-1) and the fewest (2.8 IJs larva-1) were of Oscheius sp. (IISR-EPN 08). The infectivity of the above EPNs against LF is being reported for the first time which opens up a new hope of utilizing them in insect pest management in turmeric.
Current status of plant parasitic nematodes and their management of major spice crops
Trends in Horticulture
Major spices crops such as black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) production in India is sustained losses due to several reasons. Among them, one of the major constraints are nematode infesting diseases, which causes significant yield losses and affecting their productivity. The major nematode pests infesting these crops include burrowing nematode Radopholus similis; root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on black pepper. Whereas, lesion nematode, Pratylenchus sp., M. incognita and R. similis infesting cardamom and turmeric crops. Black pepper is susceptible to a number of diseases of which slow decline caused by R. similis and M. incognita or Phytophthora capsici either alone and in combination and root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. are the major ones. Root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. is major constraints in the successful cultivation and production in cardamom. Turmeric is su...
Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Their Characterization, Bio-Control Properties and New Perspectives
Nematodes - Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives [Working Title], 2021
The insect parasitoid nematodes are a means boon to agronomy and serve as important bio-pesticides for controlling crop damaging insect pests. These nematodes inhabit moist soils and have been to exist in all the continents excluding Polar Regions. These nematodes have 3rd larval stage infective which is the only free living stage existing outside the host. These infective stages are mutually associated with bacteria which reside in their alimentary canal and duo are responsible for mortality of the insect host. These nematodes are currently given great attention by scientific community because of their insect killing properties and can be used to replace hazardous pesticides. These nematodes include various species belonging to genus Heterorhabditis and Steinernema, and members of insectivorous group of genus Oscheius. Before their use as bio-control agents, these nematodes need to be properly identified. Currently, these nematodes are characterized by using morphological and morph...