Chemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Study of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Phosphate Nanocomposite for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2015
A novel ternary nanocomposite system incorporating hydroxyapatite, chitosan and starch (n-HA/CS-ST) has been synthesized by co-precipitation method at room temperature, addressing the issues of biocompatibility, mechanical strength and cytotoxicity required for bone tissue engineering. The interactions, crystallite size, surface morphology and thermal stability against n-HA/CS nanocomposite have been obtained by comparing the results of FTIR, SEM, TEM, DLS, XRD and TGA/DTA. A comparative study of bioactivity and thermal stability of n-HA/CS and n-HA/CS-ST nanocomposites revealed that the incorporation of starch as templating agent enhanced these properties in n-HA/CS-ST nanocomposite. A lower swelling rate of n-HA/CS-ST relative to n-HA/CS indicates a higher mechanical strength supportive of bone tissue ingrowths. The MTT assay on murine fibroblast L929 and human osteoblasts-like MG-63 cells and in vitro bioactivity of n-HA/CS-ST matrix referred superior non-toxic nature of n-HA/CS-ST nanocomposite and greater possibility of osteointegration in vivo respectively. Furthermore n-HA/CS-ST exhibited improved antibacterial property against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria relative to n-HA/CS.
Chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite obtained by biomimetic method as new bone substitute
2009 Advanced Technologies for Enhanced Quality of Life (AT-EQUAL), 2009
buffered lysozyme solution and the degraded polysaccharide was measured; the SEM data, before and after degradation, revealed that composites morphology had not appreciable changed. 'In vitro' degradation studies indicate that these composite have slighter degradation rate which is coupled to the degree of N-deacetylation, hydrophilicity and crystallinity. Swelling properties measurements in simulated body fluids have shown that the swelling ratio of composites is decreased when the content of Hap is higher. The obtained results revealed that obtained Cs-Hap composites are promising materials as bone substitute due to their adequate swelling properties and controlled degradation rate.
Synthesis and characterization of laminated hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposites
Materials Letters, 2010
In this study, a nanostructured scaffold was designed for bone repair using hydroxyapatite (HA) and gelatin (GEL) as its main components. Nanopowders of HA were synthesized, and together with GEL, used to engineer a 3-dimensional nanocomposite combining 3 techniques of layer solvent casting, freeze-drying, and lamination. The results show that the scaffold possesses a 3-dimensional interconnected homogenous porous structure with a porosity of 82% and pore sizes ranging from 300 to 500 µm. It has also been shown that mechanical indices are in the range of spongy bones. Cultured osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2) have shown an excellent level of cell attachment, migration, and penetration into the porosities of the nanocomposite scaffold. Here, we have shown that by a combination of widely available methods with simple experimental operations, nano-HA powders can be synthesized and used to make 3-dimensional HA/GEL nanocomposites in any desired shape, with mechanical properties comparable to spongy bone. (Int J Artif Organs 2010; 33: 86-95)
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2022
Highly-porous composite structures based on chitosan (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been prepared using the freeze-gelation method. Biomimetic HA powder was rst synthesized by a wet precipitation method using natural phosphate (NP) ore as a source of calcium and phosphorus ions. The powders and scaffolds have been characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Rietveld re nement studies, scanning electron microscopy and cell viability test. The raw precipitated powder was composed of HA and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). In the obtained powder Mg 2+ , SiO 4 2− , Sr 2+ , Na + , and Fe 2+ ions were detected as a result of using NP mineral as precursor. After heat treatment over 750°C, β-tricalcium phosphate Mg substituted (β-TCMP) was detected. The culture of human embryonic kidney cells indicated non cytotoxicity of the as-prepared powder. CS/HA scaffolds with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30) have been prepared. The CS/HA scaffolds have shown highly porous structure with well interconnected pores and homogeneously dispersed HA particles. Swelling capacity measured in physiological conditions has shown that the addition of HA into the CS matrix e ciently decreased the swelling percentage of the CS/HA scaffolds. The results obtained suggest that composite scaffolds prepared using CS and biomimetic HA derived from an abundant raw material may have effective potential as biocompatible materials for bone tissue engineering.
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioactive and biocompatible material possessing osteoconductive properties used widely in the biomedical sector. In the present study, synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) using a Klebsiella pneumoniae SM24 (phosphate solubilizing bacteria) isolated from the slaughterhouse. HAp synthesized using biological source showed efficient and positive enzymatic activity in the National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate Medium (NBRIP). Characterization of HAp using FTIR revealed the presence of phosphate group hydroxyapatite and XRD spectra showed polycrystalline nature. The morphological characterization of HAp using FESEM revealed the mesoporous structure and EDX spectrum indicated presence of Ca and P as the major components. In addition, a new bone composite was prepared using the synthesized HAp, Gelatine (G), Chitosan (C), Fibrin (F) and Bone ash (HApGCF) using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution. The confirmation of chemical and structural characteristics of HApGCF bone composite was achieved using FTIR, XRD and SEM analyses. The HApGCF bone composite was tested over osteoblast MG-63 cells showing effective biocompatibility and osteoblast attachment on the composite surface. Therefore, the present report proposes the in vitro application of HApGCF bone composite as a replacement for major bone damage and injury in a biocompatible and nontoxic way.
Research Square (Research Square), 2021
Highly-porous composite structures based on chitosan (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been prepared using the freeze-gelation method. Biomimetic HA powder was rst synthesized by a wet precipitation method using natural phosphate (NP) ore as a source of calcium and phosphorus ions. The powders and scaffolds have been characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Rietveld re nement studies, scanning electron microscopy and cell viability test. The raw precipitated powder was composed of HA and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). In the obtained powder Mg 2+ , SiO 4 2− , Sr 2+ , Na + , and Fe 2+ ions were detected as a result of using NP mineral as precursor. After heat treatment over 750°C, β-tricalcium phosphate Mg substituted (β-TCMP) was detected. The culture of human embryonic kidney cells indicated non cytotoxicity of the as-prepared powder. CS/HA scaffolds with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30) have been prepared. The CS/HA scaffolds have shown highly porous structure with well interconnected pores and homogeneously dispersed HA particles. Swelling capacity measured in physiological conditions has shown that the addition of HA into the CS matrix e ciently decreased the swelling percentage of the CS/HA scaffolds. The results obtained suggest that composite scaffolds prepared using CS and biomimetic HA derived from an abundant raw material may have effective potential as biocompatible materials for bone tissue engineering.
Biomedical Materials, 2008
Recently, biopolymer-based nanocomposites have been replacing synthetic polymer composites for various biomedical applications. This is often because of the biocompatible and biodegradable behavior of natural polymers. Several studies have been reported pertaining to the synthesis and characterization of chitosan(chi)/montmorillonite(MMT) and chitosan (chi)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) for tissue engineering applications. In the present work, a biopolymer-based novel nanocomposite chitosan/montmorillonite (MMT)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) was developed for biomedical applications. The composite was prepared from chitosan, unmodified MMT and HAP precipitate in aqueous media. The properties of the composites were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Nanomechanical properties were measured using nanoindentation. Cell culture experiments were also conducted in order to ascertain the biocompatibility of the composite. The XRD results indicate that an intercalated structure was formed with an increase in d-spacing of montmorillonite. FTIR studies provide the evidence of molecular interaction among the three different constituents of the composite. AFM images show well-distributed nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix. The composites also exhibit a significant enhancement in nanomechanical property as compared to pure chitosan as well as the chi/HAP and chi/MMT composites. The TGA results indicate that an intercalated nanocomposite was formed with improved thermal properties even compared to chi/MMT composites. The results of cell culture experiments show that the composite is biocompatible and has a better cell proliferation rate compared to chi/HAP composites. This work represents the design of a novel clay-chitosanhydroxyapatite composite with improved mechanical properties that has potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
A series of biocompatible chitosan/hydroxyapatite composites has been synthesized in an aqueous medium from chitosan solution and soluble precursor salts by a one-step coprecipitation method. The composite materials were produced in dense and porous variants. XRD and IR studies have shown that the apatite crystals in the composites have structural characteristics similar to those of crystals in biogenic apatite. A study of in vivo behaviour of the materials was carried out. Cylindrical rods made of the chitosan/ hydroxyapatite composite material were implanted into the tibial bones of rats. After 5, 10, 15 and 24 days of implantation, histological and histo-morphometric analyses of decalcified specimens were undertaken to evaluate their biocompatibility and the possibility to apply them in bone tissue engineering. The calcified specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy combined with X-ray microanalysis to compare the elemental composition and morphological characteristics of the implant and the bone during integration. Porous specimens were osteoconducting and were replaced in vivo by newly formed bone tissue.
2015
Composite biomaterials based on nano-hydroxyapatite have an enormous potential for natural bone tissue reparation, filling and augmentation. Multifunctional nanoparticulate systems based on HAp coated with biocompatible and bioresorbable polymers make a separate group of filler systems in bone tissue engineering [1,2]. Chitosan has many physicochemical (reactive OH and NH2 groups) and biological (biocompatible, biodegradable) properties that make it an attractive material for use in bone tissue engineering. However, chitosan may induce thrombosis and it is therefore unsuitable as blood – contacting biomaterial. One of the strategies to improve the biocompatibility of chitosan is combination of this biopolymer with compounds that exhibit complementary properties. In our studies, we present the synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in vivo research of a particulate form of nano HAp-coated polymer systems. We synthesized nanoparticulate HAp coated with chitosan (Ch) and a chitosan-...