Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles Exert In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Against Oral Bacteria (original) (raw)
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Study on Antibiotic Loaded Nanoparticles for Oral Infection Treatment
Revista de Chimie (Bucharest), 2019
Over the past decade, exploitation of antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles on viruses, fungi and bacteria, respectively have developed markedly. A close attention was received by the possibility of nanoparticles type drug delivery systems to limit the biofilm formation within the oral cavity due to their important properties such as delivery abilities, anti-adhesive and biocidal features. The major objective of this work was to obtain doxycycline-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and to analyze the properties of as prepared samples in order to prolong the antibiotic release. The synthesized nanoparticles had less than 100 nm using the classis or improved drug encapsulation technique in chitosan matrix. The study focused on the antimicrobial characteristic of nanoparticles for controlling oral infections.
International Endodontic Journal, 2020
Reinfection and tooth fracture are the most common causes of failure after endodontical treatment. Aim: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial and inhibition of biofilm formation potential of novel remineralizing polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) when applied on the dentine surface; and to ascertain the effect of the functionalization of these NPs with zinc, calcium or doxycycline. Methodology: The antimicrobial activity and the inhibition of biofilm formation have been analyzed on human dentine blocks that were infected with Enterococcus faecalis before or after NPs application. LIVE/DEAD testing under the confocal laser scanning microscopy and bacterial culturing were employed to analyse the biofilm biovolume and the bacterial viability. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was also employed to assess the biofilm morphology. One-way ANOVA with Welch's correction and post-hoc comparison by the Games-Howell test were performed for comparisons between groups. Results: The un-functionalized NPs displayed the highest antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis biofilms as they provided the lowest biovolume (3,865.7 µm 3) and the highest dead/injured cells percentage (79.93%), followed by Dox-NPs (biovolume: 19,041.55 µm 3 , dead/injured cells: 45.53%). Doxycycline loaded NPs showed the highest values of inhibition of biofilm formation with the lowest biofilm biovolume (8,517.65 µm3) and a high dead/injured bacterial percentage (68.68%). Un-functionalized NPs did not reduce biomass growth, but exerted the highest percentage of compromised cells (93%), being able to disrupt biofilm formation. It also produced occlusion of dentinal tubules, probably interfering with bacterial tubule penetration. Conclusions: A new generation of bioactive nano-fillers (doxycyclinefunctionalized polymeric NPs) which may be included as primers in endodontic sealers, promoting antibacterial activity and dentinal tubules occlusion is proposed.
Nanomedicine, 2009
Aim: To increase the entrapment efficiency of doxycycline (DXY)-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA):poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles by up to 70% by varying the different formulation parameters such as polymer ratio, amount of drug loading (w/w), solvent selection, electrolyte addition and pH in the formulation. Method: Biodegradable polymers PLGA and PCL are used in various ratios for nanoparticle preparation using the water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion technique for water-soluble DXY. The physicochemical characterization of nanoparticles included size and surface charge measurement, study of surface morphology using scanning-electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study, differential scanning calorimetry analysis and in vitro release kinetics study. Results: The mean particle size ranged from 230 to 360 nm, as measured by dynamic laser light scattering, and scanning-electron microscopy confirmed the spherical nature and smooth surface of th...
Polymeric nanoparticle constructs as devices for antibacterial therapy
Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 2017
Diseases related to bacterial infections represent a relevant challenge for public health. Despite the success obtained with the conventional antibiotic therapies, indeed, new drawbacks have been identified. In addition to poor drugs solubility and stability, adverse side effects, and many other factors which together lead to a low patient compliance, the antibiotic resistance and the lack in the development of new antimicrobial agents are the main problems. On the basis of these considerations, the research interest is focused on the exploration of new strategies able to circumvent these drawbacks improving the efficacy of current antibiotics. In this context, nanosized systems, which allow to enhance both the pharmacokinetic profiles and the mechanism of action of drugs, play a key role.
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Therapies: An up-to-date Overview
Polymers
Despite the many advancements in the pharmaceutical and medical fields and the development of numerous antimicrobial drugs aimed to suppress and destroy pathogenic microorganisms, infectious diseases still represent a major health threat affecting millions of lives daily. In addition to the limitations of antimicrobial drugs associated with low transportation rate, water solubility, oral bioavailability and stability, inefficient drug targeting, considerable toxicity, and limited patient compliance, the major cause for their inefficiency is the antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms. In this context, the risk of a pre-antibiotic era is a real possibility. For this reason, the research focus has shifted toward the discovery and development of novel and alternative antimicrobial agents that could overcome the challenges associated with conventional drugs. Nanotechnology is a possible alternative, as there is significant evidence of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of nano...
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Objective: Objective of the study was to synthesize and characterize Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NP), and to evaluate their application on some bacterial strains. Methods: ZnO NP was synthesized by chemical methods. Then decomposed by using conventional heating process. The detailed characterization of the nanoparticles was performed using FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction analysis and XRF. From the analysis of XRD pattern, UV-VIS spectroscopy and XRF, the formation of nanoparticles was confirmed. Antibacterial assay of synthesized ZnO NP was carried out both in liquid and solid growth medium against a gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and a gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria using disc diffusion assay method. Effect of antibacterial activity was observed by zone of inhibition around the antibiotic discs of ZnO NP. Results: ZnO NP was characterized by the different spectral analysis of the synthesized product. ZnO NPs reveal good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Kinetic studies were conducted on growth bacteria by loading ZnO NP to S. aureus and E. coli with this concentration to study the kinetic of growth behavior which showed that NP produced toxicity on both bacteria and therefore the growth was inhibited. Conclusions: The inhibition of growth of the organisms by ZnO nanoparticles suggests that it could potentially be used as an effective antibacterial agent and as well can be used in the protection of agricultural and food safety. Future studies may be aimed at the further evaluation to establish the nanoparticles as potential antimicrobial agent.
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Introduction Nanoparticles and associations to calcium hydroxide can be used to increase antimicrobial activity. Objective To evaluate antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and pH of intracanal medications (IM) based on calcium hydroxide (CH) and zinc oxide (ZnO) micro- or nanoparticles, and their association with 0.4% chlorhexidine (CHX). Material and method Root canals from single-rooted human teeth were inoculated and incubated for 21 days. After sample (S1), the root canals were filled with the medications for 7 days and samples were collected immediately after medication (S2) and 7 days later (S3). Counting of CFU mL-1 was performed. Polyethylene tubes filled with the medications were used for the pH evaluation after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Result All IM promoted elimination of E. faecalis immediately after medication (S2). All the pastes promoted a similar pH increase. Conclusion CH/ZnO micro- or nanopartic...
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2020
Nanotechnology, when applied to PDT's, allows the encapsulation of ZnPc in nanocarriers, producing thus nanoemulsions that permit the use of ZnPc as photosensitizers. The Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are microorganisms present in biofilms which can cause resistant endodontic infections. The objective of this work is the development and characterization of clove essential oil nanoemulsions containing ZnPc. The formulations were developed according to factorial experimental planning and characterized by the determination of the mean drop size, Polydispersity Index (PdI), content, organoleptic characteristics, stability, morphology, cytotoxicity in the dark and evaluation of the photobiological activity. The experimental planning was able to indicate the maximum amount of ZnPc that could be encapsulated in the nanoemulsion while maintaining droplet size < 50 nm and PdI < 0.2. The surface plots for the response variables indicated a robust region for the combination of Pluronic® F-127 and clove oil factors. The result of this study was the choice of the nanoemulsion containing ZnPc solution at 5%, clove oil at 5%, Pluronic® F-127 at 10% and will be codified as ZnPc-NE. The nanoemulsion presented a mean diameter of 30.52 nm, PDI < 0.2 and a concentration of 17.5 μg/mL, as well as stability at room temperature for 180 days. TEM showed that the drops are spherical with nanometric size, which corroborates the results of dynamic light scattering. Concerning the photobiological activity, the ZnPc-NE exhibited MIC 1.09 μg/mL for Enterococcus faecalis and 0.065 μg/mL for MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). ZnPc-NE showed higher photobiological activity than free ZnPc. Besides, cytotoxicity studies showed that blank-NE (nanoemulsions without PS) showed good antimicrobial activity. Thus, clove oil nanoemulsion is an excellent nanocarrier to promote the photobiological activity of the ZnPc against pathogenic microorganisms.