Antimicrobial Effects of Aqueous Extract of Garcinia Kola Nuts on Salmonella Isolates from Chicken Dropping in Southern Taraba, North East, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GARCINIA KOLA AND COLA NITIDA SEED EXTRACTS
Antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola (Bitter Kola) and Cola nitida (Kola nut) against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied. Results showed that alcohol extract of Garcinia kola was active against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae at various concentrations, with the latter displaying the lowest sensitivity. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were completely resistant. Hot water extract of the same plant was however, active against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The other organisms showed sensitivity to the alcohol extract of Cola nitida, but higher sensitivity was observed with the hot water extract of the plant. Some of the results provided scientific evidence for the use of the plants by traditional herbalists in the treatment of microbial infections.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on the Antibacterial Activities of Garcinia Kola Seed
2019
The antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola seed extract against Staphyloccoccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae of was investigated. Garcinia kola Seeds were purchased from Okitipupa local market in okitipupa metropolis of Ondo State. The seeds were dehusked, chopped, air dried, pulverized and stored in a clean air tight bottle sample. 100 g of pulverized Garcinia kola seed was extracted with 900 mL of analytical grade methanol. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to obtain a crude extract. Agar-gel diffusion inhibition technique was adopted for the antimicrobial screening of Garcinia kola seed. 2.0 ml of 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and l00 mg/ml of Garcinia kola seed extract was gently poured into each of the wells in the agar plates. Agar plates of ampiclox were also prepared as control. The agar plates of both extract and antibiotic were then incubated at a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours. The zones of inhibition around the well were measured. The zones of inhibition of the extract against selected bacteria range from 00 mm to 21 mm. The control (ampilox) showed zones of inhibition of 22, 30, 32 and 29 mm against Staphyloccoccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. Based on the zones of inhibition the order of susceptibility of the bacterial to the extract was Staphyloccoccus aureus>Escherichia coli>Bacillus subtilis>Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results obtained from this study, provides scientific evidence that can help in validation of Garcinia kola seed as antibacterial agent for the treatment of bacteria infections. Also, the insilico docking study showed that kolaviron have the highest tendency to inhibit all the studied bacterial cell lines.
Antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola seed and leaf extracts on some selected clinical isolates
Garcinia kola seeds and leaves were screened for their anti bacterial activities using 1% hydrochloric acid, diethylether, acetic acid (ethanoic acid) and acetone. The seeds and leaves were dried and ground into powdered form. 10g of the ground seeds and leaves were in four sets. 90ml of the extraction solvents was added to each set. The seed and leaf extracts were tested on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pyogenes using Agar Diffusion Method. Acetic acid seed and leaf extract showed the highest degree of zones of inhibition of 44mm and 37mm respectively against all the test organisms. The other extracts showed no inhibitory effect on the test organisms. The mechanism of action of the seed and leaf extract on the four bacteria had leakage of both protein and potassium (K+) ions. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of some bioactive components like alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. These components determine the antibacterial activity of the seed and leaf extracts. The results from this study, provides scientific evidence that Garcinia kola has the capability of inhibiting the growth of pathogenic micro organisms; thus it will be useful in tropical medicine for the treatment of microbial infections.
2020
The different parts of plants such as seed, leaves, barks and root contain medicinal substances. These substances produce definite physiological action in the human body. This present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical constituents were carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts was determined using agar-well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined by micro-broth dilution method. Phytochemical analysis shows that Phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, tannin, saponin, alkaloids and anthraquinolones were present in varying concentrations of the different extracts. The methanol extract of G. kola seed possesses more antimicrobial activity (17-...
Antisalmonella Potency of Varying Extracts of Garcinia kola
International Journal of Pathogen Research
Plants are a source of first-line treatment for most humans, particularly in Africa and offer nutrition for most terrestrial ecosystems. The world's attention have been called repeatedly to the therapeutic marvels of plants, one of which is Garcinia kola. This study aims to determine the antisalmonella efficacy of several Garcinia kola leaf and seed extracts. Extracts of leaves, seeds, and seed/leaf were obtained using methanol and ethanol as extraction solvents. Inoculated Salmonella typhi were observed for 24 hours using the well diffusion method to determine zones of inhibition. All extracts were found to be effective against S. typhi. 100/50 mg/ml methanol leave extract produced a 14/12mm zone of inhibition, whereas 100/50 mg/ml methanol seed extract produced a 13/11mm zone of inhibition. 100/50 mg/ml ethanol leave extract showed a 17/10mm inhibition zone, while 100/50 mg/ml ethanol seed extract showed a 16/14mm inhibition zone. The inhibition zone of methanol seed/leaf extr...
LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2008
The crude hexane and chloroform extracts from the fruit rinds of Garcinia cowa and Garcinia pedunculata were studied for their antibacterial activity against some foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts determined by the agar dilution method were ranging from 15 to 500 μg/ml and 300 to 1250 μg/ml for G. cowa and G. pedunculata, respectively. However, the hexane and chloroform extracts from the fruit rinds of G. cowa exhibited marked inhibitory effect against all the test organisms and were more effective than that of G. pedunculata extracts. The antibacterial activity of all the extracts was more pronounced against the tested Gram-positive bacteria than the tested Gram-negative bacterium. Furthermore, this study is the first report on the in vitro antibacterial activity of extracts from the fruit rinds of G. cowa and G. pedunculata.
… -Eurasian Journal of …, 2009
Thymus vulgaris; three variety of dates fruits widely consummated (Phoenix dactylifera) and four local wild berries (Crataegus azarolus L; Crataegus monogyna L; Ziziphus lotus L; Eleagnus angustifolia L) were tested for antibacterial activity against seven strains of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from poultry chain and characterized by their antibiotics resistance to ticarcillin amoxicillin chloramphenicol and sulfamids trimethoprim Candidates were primarily screened using the disk-agar method for antibacterial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and showed a high antibacterial activity of the medicinal herbs tested. Methanolic; dichloro-methalonic and etheric extracts of (Thymus vulgaris) exhibited inhibition zones against E. coli (ATCC 25922) with (19.9, 28.34 and 33 mm) respectively. The three dates variety extracts showed a lower antibacterial activity against E. coli (ATCC 25922) with (7.5, 8 and 9.5 mm vs. 19.12, 24.08 and 32.2 mm) against Salmonella typhimurium respectively. While extracts of the wild local berries did not showed any activity against all Salmonella typhimurium serotypes but presented a moderate activity against E. coli (ATCC 25922 ) with (12, 8 and 15 mm of inhibiting diameter). In general only Thymus vulgaris has the potential to provide an effective treatment for salmonellosis.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2012
The study was conducted to screen for in vitro antibacterial activity of crude ethanol, acetone and aqueous seeds extract of Garcinia kola at different treatment regimes against some selected clinical bacterial isolates comprising of Gram positive and negative organisms namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the major chemical groups responsible for the activity were determined. The agar well diffusion method was employed to determine the inhibitory effects of the seeds extract on the test microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration exerted by the extracts against the bacterial isolates ranged between 3.125 and 25 mg/ml. The zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts against the tested bacterial isolates ranged between 4.0 and 10.5 mm. The crude ethanol extract was found to exhibit more significant (P<0.01) inhibitory action against all the bacterial isolates at the various treatment regime. Also, compared to crude acetone and aqueous extracts, it was also notably found to exhibit significant (P<0.05) effects against the bacterial isolates. The preliminary phytochemical test revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, sterols and terpenes as the major chemical groups in the plant extracts. The results of this study revealed that the in vitro antibacterial activity exhibited by the seeds extract may be attributed to the presence of these phytochemical compounds.
Antimicrobial activity of Garcinia kola against human upper respiratory tract pathogens
2011
The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the seeds of Garcinia kola was investigated. Agar diffusion and paper disc methods were used for the investigation. The tested organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus were obtained from the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) Yaba, Lagos. Salmonella typhi was obtained from the Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi (FIIRO), Lagos. Results obtained show that 75% of the tested organisms were susceptible to ethanolic extract only. 37.5% showed susceptibility to aqueous extract of the plant. It was also observed that 62.5% of the organisms tested were inhibited by mixture of ethanolic extract. Menthol showed inhibitory effect on 62.5% of the tested organisms. The diameter of the zones of inhibition of the mixture of ethanolic extract and menthol were larger than that of ethanolic extract only. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranged between 50mg/mL and 150mg/mL.E.coli showed the highest zone of inhibition (20mm). The least zone of inhibition (5mm) was observed in S. aureus and S. pnuemoniae. P. aeruginosa exhibited resistance to all the extracts.
Biological Research, 2008
The in vitro antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract of the seeds of Garcinia kola was investigated. The extracts exhibited antibacterial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 10 mm to 25 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the diethyl ether fraction was between 0.313 and 5.0 mg/ml, while that of butanol fraction varied from 0.157 to 5.0 mg/ml. The butanol fraction killed about 77% of Bacillus anthracis and 79% of Escherichia coli cells within 120 min at a concentration of 5.0 mg/ml. Protein leakage from the B. anthracis and E. coli cells when exposed to the butanol and diethyl ether fractions was observed. We conclude that Garcinia kola seed extract has a broad spectrum antibacterial activity, with the butanol and diethyl ether fractions being bactericidal as exemplified by the killing rate and protein leakage regimes, which suggest cell membrane disruption as a mechanism of action of the extract.