Incorporation of nano-materials in cement composite and geopolymer based paste and mortar – A review (original) (raw)
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Applicability & Durability Issues Of Nano-Sized Materials In Cement
International Journal of Nano Studies & Technology (IJNST), 2021
Nano-sized Materials due to their smaller size exhibits many novel properties which may be absent in their conventional bulk material sizes. Cement is the most standard material among all of the materials used in cement concrete constructions and is the only binding medium. This Paper brings out the various beneficial aspects of Nano-sized Materials when they are applied in ordinary cement mortar. Nano-sized Materials viz. Nano Silica (nS), Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) and Nano Titanium Dioxides (n-TiO2) are non-virgin materials but when applied to a virgin cement medium like OPC not only enhances the mechanical properties but also increases the volume stability of cement-mortars to larger extent. Geo-polymers which are very low workability binders having no cement content, has their workability enhancement with Nano-sized Materials.
A STUDY ON APPLICABILITY ASPECTS OF NANO MATERIALS IN CEMENT-CONSTRUCTION
A broad range of challenges faced by the construction industry today deals with both the short term & long term effects of new material use in cement. This paper aims to explore the fact that that small addition of nano particles viz. Nanosilica (nS), Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) & Nano Titanium Oxide (TiO 2) in ordinary Portland cement have enhanced both the short term & medium term strength of cement mortar when added in optimized quantities with respect to the weight of cement & water added as per the normal standard consistency formula of the Indian standards. However, in the long term (90 days & above) it is seen that with increase in the quantities of all the nanoparticles from the optimized one to a bit little further, further increases the same. With the increase of the optimized nS to 1% showed a strength gain of more than 12% and 8% at 180 days and 365 days and with the increase from optimized CNTs to 0.1% saw a strength gain of more than 23% at 180 days and 69.21% at 365 days. However, increased addition of optimized TiO 2 w.r.to its optimized quantity did not serve any better results.
APPLICABILITY & DURABILITY ISSUES OF NANOMATERIALS IN CEMENT
Nanomaterials due to their smaller size exhibits many novel properties which may be absent in their conventional bulk material sizes. Cement is the most standard material among all of the materials used in cement concrete constructions and is the only binding medium. This Paper brings out the various beneficial aspects of nanomaterials when they are applied in ordinary cement mortar. Nanomaterials viz. NanoSilica (nS), Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) and Nano Titanium Dioxides (n-TiO 2) are non-virgin materials but when applied to a virgin cement medium like OPC not only enhances the mechanical properties but also increases the volume stability of cement-mortars to larger extent.Geo-polymers which are very low workability binders having no cement content, has their workability enhancement with nanomaterials. INTRODUCTION What a 'Nano' is? Is it 'Tata-Nano'? Could anyone tell why it is called 'Nano'? These are the pertinent questions which come into everyone's mind when they hear about anything called 'Nano'. 'Nano' as it aptly called, is so as it was the world's smallest car invented till now. That was the marketing side of 'Nano' but this Paper discusses the scientific part of it as applied in cement constructions. 'Nano' is a Greek word which means 'dwarf' having dimensions in the order of 10-9 m.Nearly fifty years ago, Richard Feynman who is nicknamed as Albert Einstein-II of this century, is also known as the father of nanotechnology-the technology involving the manufacturing and manipulation of atoms. The construction industry was the only industry to identify nanotechnology as a promising emerging technology in the UK Delphi Survey in the early 1990s… (" Application of Nanotechnology in Construction " , Materials and Structures, 37, 649 (2004), Springer).But now other industries like tyres, paints, medicines etc have paced ahead lagging construction industry behind. With the oncoming of the 4th industrial revolution as explored by Professor Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum, also brings up the huge promise of the potentiality of nanotechnology and nanomaterials. Use of CNTs [4][5][20],have produced remarkable improvements in the mechanical properties of cement concrete on account of their crack bridging effects at the nano scale[7] and nucleation effects in the formation of different cement hydrates[6][17] and have replaced the state-of-the-art technologies using fibers which mainly includes steel bars[18], steel fibers[8][14][20],glass fibers[2][12],carbon fibers[24],polypropylene fibers[1][10],and various others[3].Literatures [9],[11],[13],[15],[16][21]&[22] are abound highlighting the importance of nano additions in cement concrete.
Effect of Nanomaterials in Cement Mortar Characteristics
2016
Concrete is considered as brittle materials and widely used due to high compressive strength but unfortunately having and has low tensile strength that has a numerous negative impacts on the lifespan of concrete made structures. Therefore, mechanical properties of cement mortar have been investigated experimentally using different types and ratios of nano material to improve the properties. Since the strength of the concrete is of high importance, different materials have been used to enhance the compressive and the tensile characteristics of the cement mortar compressive and tensile strength. Mainly, this objective has been implemented through using micro cement, micro sand, nano silica, and nano clay in developing a nano-cement mortar which can to improve the concrete for the constructional applications. The samples were prepared and tested under tensile and compressive mode according to ASTM2011 regulations for concrete. The parameters that are taken consideration during the inve...
Application of Nanomaterials in Cementitious Systems
Engineering and Scientific International Journal, 2020
Nanomaterials are advanced materials derived from nanotechnology which can address much of the present-day world's problems if used in optimum quantities. Nanotechnology is ruling in electronics, medicines, water-purification, textiles, cosmetics, mobiles, computers and health-care fields. This Paper focus on the effect of adding nanomaterials in cement-sand mortar at various dosages by weight of cement at different ages starting from short term to long term via. medium term. Comparing the results of nano-additive cement mortars with that of ordinary cement mortars it has been found that nano-additions has resulted in a higher strength gain.
Use of Nanomaterials in Cementitious Systems
Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Engineering & Agricultural Science, 2020
Nanomaterials are advanced materials derived from nanotechnology which can address much of the present-day world's problems if used in optimum quantities. Be it electronics, medicines, IT, water-purification, textiles, cosmetics, mobiles, computers, health-care products nanotechnology are ruling the roost. This Paper discusses the effect of adding nanomaterials in cement-sand mortar at various dosages by weight of cement(b.w.c.) at different ages starting from short term to long term via. medium term. Comparing the results of nano-additive cement mortars with that of ordinary cement mortars it has been found that nano-additions has resulted in a higher strength gain.
Materials
The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement–fine-aggregate matrices are discussed in this work. In the laboratory, dry and wet methods were used to create nano-sized cements. The influence of these nano-sized cements, nano-silica fumes, and nano-fly ash in different proportions was studied to the evaluate the engineering properties of the cement–fine-aggregate matrices concerning normal-sized, commercially available cement. The composites produced with modified cement–fine-aggregate matrices were subjected to microscopic-scale analyses using a petrographic microscope, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). These studies unravelled the placement and behaviour of additives in controlling the engineering properties of the mix. The test results indicated that nano-cement and nano-sized particles improved the engineering properties of the hardened...
The Effect of Using Hybrid Nano Materials on the Different Properties of Cement Mortar
The aim of this work is to study the effect of nano materials on the properties of mortar, the experimental program included three parts: a-two types of Nano Silica, locally produced NS1 and imported NS2, b-Nano clay (NC) and c-Hybrid nano particles (NS1 & NC). In each part, mortar was used with different percentages of nano particles. Compressive strength and drying shrinkage tests were applied in each part on the cured and uncured samples. Thermal conductivity and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) tests were conducted on the optimum mortar samples. Finally, feasibility study about the cost of using nano materials in the construction was carried out. The results showed that the compressive strength improved in the mortar mixtures in the cured condition, the optimum percentages was 1% for NS1, 1% for NS2, 5% for NC, and 5% (0.5%NS1 & 4.5%NC) for hybrid nano particles. The drying shrinkage and thermal conductivity increase with adding nano silica and hybrid nano particles, while they decrease when adding NC. The SEM micrographs show that adding nano particles improved the mixture's microstructure by filling the voids in the cement matrix. The mixture with nano clay was more economic to be used than nano silica because its price was much cheaper.
Effects of Nano-Materials on Key Properties of Cementitious Composites: A Review
Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering
Cement production industry is one of the largest industries, which is becoming one of the biggest environmental concerns of the world. About 6% of the global CO2 emission comes from this industry. An improvement in cement quality and application process can result in a lot of savings in terms of resources and environmental pollution without hindering developmental needs. A detailed knowledge of the crystal structure of cement hydration products and advanced instrumentations to observe its nano-structure enables researchers and practitioners to undertake nano-modification of cementitious composites. To enhance binder characteristics, improving the nano-level fault is the new trend among the cement and concrete researchers. In this quest, many studies have been conducted by incorporating nano-scaled materials with cement, and observing their effects on the hydration products. To conduct meaningful research in cement and concrete technology, the researchers first need to know the exist...
Application of Nano Materials on Cement Mortar & Concrete
Nanomaterials-a topic of contemporary research has vast applications in all research areas starting from semi conductors to energy to textiles to construction. Recent investigations showed that small addition of nano particles viz. Nanosilica (nS), Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) & Nano Titanium Oxide (TiO 2) have enhanced the 28 day strength of cement mortar when added in optimized quantities and the same optimization when repeated for concrete produced good results. However, their long term strength differs due to the poor control of the degree of freedom of their valence electron i.e nano materials tend to get oxidized in the long run. In this paper, we report a technical comparison of the 28 day & long term mechanical strength of the nano additions to cement mortars w.r.to ordinary controlled cement mortars and also when the same optimization is applied for nano concrete w.r.to controlled concrete at 28 days.