Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Distribution in Biratnagar, Nepal: A case study (original) (raw)
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Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Variation in Gandaki Province, Nepal
Saudi journal of civil engineering, 2022
Daily, seasonable and annual variation on precipitation should be carried out properly to enhance the better relaxation caused by damaging drain structure, hydraulic parameters and even climatic disorder. In order to incorporate all these needs and to enhance the existing research theories and even on developing new theories, this study will surely provide basic framework. The problems for the researcher as well as meteorological department for the further study of climatic change action and to provide basic knowledge to the farmer and agricultural department to yield seasonal wise crops without consideration of hydrological analysis (i.e. precipitation data) associates problems like flood risk and drought causing loss of lives and property. For the hydrological study, daily and monthly rainfall data was obtained from meteorological station from the year 1991-2020. The monthly and daily precipitation concentration were determined using Time series analysis, single mass curve analysis, coefficient of variation and spatial analysis and were represented using Histogram chart, Spreadsheet and GIS tool. With this, daily, monthly, seasonal wise variation on precipitation with respect to location wise (Spatial) as well as Time wise (Temporal) was obtained. The temporal characteristic shows that peak month of rainfall were July and August for all the regions. Considering Total Annual, the maximum value is at Beni Bazar i.e. more than 200000mm and least in the Ranipauwa i.e less than 10000mm. The mean annual rainfall of 30 years indicating that the Beni Bazar, Myagdi region has the highest rainfall and Ranipauwa, Mustang the least. Similarly, trend analysis shows that there are increasing (+ve), decreasing (-ve) and somewhat constant trends for the different stations. Furthermore, results from variability and reliability data shows that that Ranipauwa has the highest annual variability (138.86%) and Lumle has the least annual variability (15%) in which in turn implies that the rainfall at Lumle is more reliable than other areas. The computed Spatial and Temporal variation on rainfall has been developed as a basic tool for further research. It will also help farmers to know seasonal wise crops production as well as analysis of storm water for the construction of drainage system. These findings can be considered for monitoring extreme weather events like; erosion and floods. This would therefore contribute significantly to the effective management and sustainable development of the Gandaki Province and region having similar topographical features, which are rain dependent.
Statistical analysis of rainfall trend and its variability (1901–2020) in Kolkata, India
Bulletin of Geography: Physical Geography Series, 2022
The current study focuses on the altering historical rainfall data analysis and its variability in Kolkata (Kolkata Municipal Corporation), a metropolitan city in India. The research area experiences detrimental urban floods (pluvial floods) at near-annual regularity during the monsoon, and during the pre-monsoon seasons it commonly experiences water shortage problems. Analysing trends and temporal variability of rainfall over 120 years from 1901 to 2020 is the main objective of this study. The original Mann-Kendall (M-K) test has been applied to the rainfall dataset in conjunction with Sen's Slope Estimator using Python 3.10, after the Durbin-Watson (DW) statistic initially suggested that there is no serial correlation effect. The M-K test, with a Kendall's tau of 0.17058 (significant at a 5% level), shows an upward trend in annual rainfall between 1901 and 2020. The Sen's slope, which measures the rate of change annually, has a value of 2.48152. Regression analysis and other dispersion measures are also used in this study to investigate the monthly rainfall trend and its variability. The phase-wise (30-year) analysis of annual rainfall variability reveals a considerable variation over 120 years. While fitting the linear regression line month by month over the entire period, mostly negative trends were found in the pre-monsoon and positive trends in the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The findings of this analysis could be useful to urban planners for water supply and management in the study area. The primary concern of planners for effectively managing rainwater and the accompanying issues should be the growing variability of annual precipitation.
E3S Web of Conferences
India being a Tropical country, experiences variety Rainfall. The Rainfall is the prime input required for Design of Hydraulic structures like culverts and bridges, Irrigation canals, storm water and road drainage system, etc. To estimate the detailed design and planning of crops, statistical analysis is required. In the present study, annual rainfall data for a period of 20 years (2000 to 2019) is used to understand the statistical behavior of the rainfall in last two decades for Solapur district. Also return period by various plotting position formulae is evaluated from the annual rainfall. The rainfall variability is checked by calculating the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. From the study results, the rainfall pattern is found to be irregular. The best fitted probability distribution was identified based on the minimum deviation between actual and estimated values.
Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall distribution in hilly region of Nepal
International Research Journal of Environmental science, 2018
The study provides information about the nature of rainfall regimes across hilly regions of Nepal. always vulnerable to frequent and more climate induced hazards, i.e., erratic rainfall, landslide erosion, flashflood, drough etc. In this study, 30 years rainfall data (from 1987hazards, i.e., erratic rainfall, landslide erosion, flashflood, drough etc. In this study, 30 years rainfall data (from to 2016 from 17 like Mean, Median, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Skewness and C used to check the rainfall variability. The study parameter total annual average rainfall in all station was 1818.093mm. from 2233.13mm (during 1999) to 1543.47 mm varied from 3015.04mm to 832.78mm respectively in receives 80.87% highest annual average in the monsoon rainfall and lowest in the winter rainfall (3.29%). rainfall data helps in exploring problems related to rainfall that may be high intensity, low intensity, erratic or no rainfall. the same time analysis of such historical rainfall data in hilly areas helps in understanding issues related to drought, landslides and floods. These estimates predict possible pathways and help policy makers in rainfall distribution across hilly region which
Temporal Variation of Rainfall in the Bagmati River Basin, Nepal
Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 2016
The main aim of the study was to identify the temporal variation of rainfall in the Bagmati River basin, Nepal using data available at Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal. The time series data for the period of 1981-2008 were analyzed by using non-parametric Mann-Kendal test, Spearman’s’ Rho and a parametric linear regression. The results showed that there was a significantly increasing upward trend of the annual mean of weighted areal rainfall, with a rate of 2.2 mm per year. Trend analysis of the monthly time series of weighted areal rainfall showed a significant upward trend in the months of summer monsoon season (June and July). However, there were no such significant result in the other season/months. The increasing trend in the summer monsoon might lead to severe flooding in future.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 31-40
Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2017
Nowadays, climate change and global warming have led to changes in the distribution of precipitation, which affect on the availability of water resources. Therefore, investigating the temporal and spatial variations of precipitation in the previous period is highly important in the future planning for flood control and local management of water resources. Considering the importance of this issue, in the present study, the precipitation concentration indices have been used for analysing precipitation changes at daily, seasonal, and annual time scales in the period of 1971 to 2011 over the Jharkhand state, India. Also, Modified Mann-Kendall test has used to study the trend of precipitation concentration indices in annual and seasonal time scales. The result shows a highly irregular and non-uniform distribution in the annual scale. For the seasonal scale an irregular and non-uniform distribution has been also observed, although the summer had a better situation than other seasons. For daily scale, none of the stations had a regular concentration and in the northeast and southern parts of the study area, there have been more irregularities. Furthermore, the results of investigating annual precipitation trend showed a combination of increasing and decreasing trend over the study area. The results of this study can be applied to manage water supplies, drainage projects, construct collection structures of urban flood, develop plans to prevent soil erosion, and designing appropriate plans to cope with drought conditions.
Study of trend of rainfall data: A case study of Koraiyar basin, Tamil Nadu
IJMS Vol.49(11) [November 2020], 2020
Rainfall is an vital hydro-climatic element at the helm of that heads the hydrological cycle and water availability in a specific region. In current years, significant deviances have been observed in rainfall patterns on a global as well as local scale. Several analyses have established that any study of hydro-climatic variables must be handled and executed on different micro-scales rather than regional scale because the trends and their effects may differ widely from station to station. In the current investigative study, the urban rainfall variation in the Koraiyar basin between the years 1975-2010 is examined to study the trend of precipitation. The non-parametric test is used in this study because the data outliers can be avoided easily. The Mann-Kendall (M-K) method is adopted to analyze the trend, and Sen's slope is used to estimate the linear trend. To detect the change in trends, the CUSUM test is applied. The coefficient of variance (CV) is applied for variability analysis. From the analysis, it is noted that there is an unpredictable increasing and decreasing trend in the yearly and periodic rainfall patterns in the basin.
cibtech.org
The present study is mainly concerned with the changing trend of rainfall of a river basin of Orissa near the coastal region. It is facing adverse effects of flood almost every year. This is an effort to analyse one of the most important climatic variable i.e. precipitation, for analysing the rainfall trend in the area. Daily rainfall data of 40 years from 1971 to 2010 has been processed in the study to find out the monthly variability of rainfall for which Mann-Kendall (MK) Test, Modified Mann-Kendall Test have been used together with the Sen's Slope Estimator for the determination of trend and slope magnitude. Monthly precipitation trend has been identified here to achieve the objective which has been shown with 40 years of data. There are rising rates of precipitation in some months and decreasing trend in some other months obtained by these statistical tests suggesting overall insignificant changes in the area.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2020
The three major characteristics of rainfall are mainly its amount, frequency and intensity. The value of rainfall varies greatly from day to day, place to place, month and year to year. Generally Akole tehsil receives the highest rainfall and Karjat and Jamkhed tehsils receives the least rainfall. The main reason for the highest rainfall in Akole tehsil is orographic type rainfall. The rainfall characteristics and distribution in drought prone area in study area. The research covers rainfall data from 1981 to 2014 and the rainfall data is taken from the statistical department website of Ahmednagar district.
Statistical analysis of long-term rainfall trends in Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India
Journal of Applied and Natural Science
Rainfall is the key climatic variable that governs the regional hydrologic cycle and availability of water resources. Rainfall trend analysis in a localized watershed can improve many aspects of water resource management not only to the catchment itself but also to some of the related other catchments. The trend analysis of monthly rainfall data over Cherrapunji of Meghalaya in India for the period 1872-2007 has been carried out in this work. While the magnitude of the trend in the time series has been determined using Sen's estimator, the significance of the trend in monthly rainfall series has been tested using Mann-Kendall test. During the time span 1872-2007, an increasing trend has been found in the monthly rainfall for the months July, October and November, and a decreasing trend has been found in the monthly rainfall for the months February to June, August and September. On the other hand, it was found that none of Mann-Kendall Z values was significant at 5% level of sign...