DETERMINANTS OF THE FLOW AND COMPOSITION OF BILE IN THE UNANESTHETIZED DOG DURING CONSTANT INFUSIONS OF SODIUM TAUROCHOLATE* (original) (raw)
Related papers
Bile secretion in the fistulated pig : effect of the method used for bile reinfusion
Reproduction Nutrition Développement, 1983
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects on bile secretion of flow rate and site of reinfusion of the collected bile to the animal. Thirty-two pigs weighing 50 ± 3 kg at the beginning of the experiment were fitted with a reentrant fistula in the lower common bile duct and in the upper duodenum. Bile collected from the bile duct was reinfused in four different ways (four groups of 8 animals each) : into the duodenum or the lower common bile duct at a constant flow rate using a peristaltic pump, or into the duodenum or the lower common bile duct at a rate mimicking the flow rate of the secretion using an automatic apparatus. Reinfusing the bile into the lower common bile duct at a rate mimicking the secretion rate provided a daily bile acid production about 21 % higher than the level recorded with the other three methods. This was mainly due to a higher bile acid concentration since the bile flow was only slightly affected by the treatment. Introduction. Research on the physiology of bile secretion in relation to the diet ingested by the conscious pig eating normally requires the measurement of total amounts of bile and of its components ; it is necessary to continuously collect the bile over experimental periods of several days in order to study the variation of its total quantity and of its components with the diet. Moreover, to keep the enterohepatic circulation intact and not to modify bile secretion (Dowling et al., 1968 ; Juste and Corring, 1979), the bile has to be reinfused to the animals. Depending on the study, bile has been infused into the duodenum (Nahrwold and Gross
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology, 1981
The role of enterohepatic circulation of bile salts in biliary secretion in conscious rabbits has been investigated before and after cholecystectomy. Bile flow was higher and bile salt concentration lower in cholecystectomized than in intact rabbits: this could have been caused by a negative feedback effect on bile salt synthesis as the circulating bile salt pool increased. The effects of cholecystectomy on flow and bile salt concentration balanced each other. Bile flow and bile salt concentration declined after interruption of the enterohepatic circulation in both cholecystectomized and intact rabbits. Furthermore, the percentage of the flow of bile independent of bile salt secretion increased, while that independent of total analysed solutes decreased after the enterohepatic circulation was broken. These results confirm that the decrease in bile flow after interruption of the enterohepatic circulation is due to loss of bile salts and not of electrolytes. * See Methods.
Bile salt-associated electrolyte secretion
Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 1992
The mechanisms involved in bile salt-induced choleresis are poorly known. To give an insight in this physiological process, bile salt-associated electrolyte secretion was studied following relief of a short-term (2 h) biliary .obstruction in the rat, an experimental model that shows an important diminution of bile salt choleretic efficiency. For this purpose, biliary excretion of total bile salts and electrolytes (sodium, chloride and bicarbonate) were studied in such a model during taurocholate infusion at increasing rates. The results showed that bile flow, bile salt output and electrolyte secretion stimulated by taurocholate,administration were decreased in the rats that were subjected to biliary obstruction. Besides, the choleretic efficiency of the excreted bile salts, as estimated by the slope of the regression line of bile flow vs. bile salt output, was diminished by 46 % (p < 0.005). Multiple regression analysis of bile flow vs. bile salt and electrolyte outputs allowed to detect a selective diminution of the fraction of bile flow related to bile salt-associated electrolyte secretion ("secretory fraction" of the choleretic efficiency of bile salts) (3.2 ± 0.3 vs. 2.5 ± 0.2L1mol, p < 0.05) whereas the "osmotic fraction" of the choleretic efficiency of bile salts was not modified by the treatment (5. a ± 0.4 vs. 5.1 ± 0.3 Llmol, p> 0.05). Since both chloride and bicarbonate biliary concentrations in the volume of bile stimulated by taurocholate were reduced by 53 % and 52 % respectively, a role of these anions in the generation of bile salt-induced choleresis was suggested. Possible mechanisms involved in such a process and in its early impairment during cholestasis are discussed.
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2008
The formation of bile depends on the structural and functional integrity of the bile-secretory apparatus and its impairment, in different situations, results in the syndrome of cholestasis. The structural bases that permit bile secretion as well as various aspects related with its composition and flow rate in physiological conditions will first be reviewed. Canalicular bile is produced by polarized hepatocytes that hold transporters in their basolateral (sinusoidal) and apical (canalicular) plasma membrane. This review summarizes recent data on the molecular determinants of this primary bile formation. The major function of the biliary tree is modification of canalicular bile by secretory and reabsorptive processes in bileduct epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) as bile passes through bile ducts. The mechanisms of fluid and solute transport in cholangiocytes will also be discussed. In contrast to hepatocytes where secretion is constant and poorly controlled, cholangiocyte secretion is regulated by hormones and nerves. A short section dedicated to these regulatory mechanisms of bile secretion has been included. The aim of this revision was to set the bases for other reviews in this series that will be devoted to specific issues related with biliary physiology and pathology.
Bile acid excretion: the alternate pathway in the hamster
Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1977
quantitative significance of renal excretion of bile acid ester sulfates as an alternate excretory pathway was evaluated in hamsters. After bile duct ligation, total serum bile acid fell from a mean level of 454 ,g/ml at 24 h to 64 ,ug/ml by 96 h. During this period the bulk of the bile acid pool could be accounted for as esterified bile acids in urine. Renal pedicle ligation of animals with bile duict obstruction led to retention of the bile acid ester sulfates in serum. Thioacetamide hepatotoxicity diminished ester sulfation of bile acids causing diminished renal secretion with relatively greater retention of nonesterified bile acids in serum. We conclude that secretion of esterified bile acids by the kidney is an efficient alternate pathway for maintaining bile acid excretion in obstructive biliary tract disease. Coexistent hepatocellular disease diminishes ester sulfation and the effectiveness of the alternate pathway in maintaining bile acid excretion.
Circulation, 1960
The high concentration of certain test substances in both urine and bile suggests that similarities exist between the biliary and renal tubular functions. Evidence from dogs with permanent duodenal fistulas indicates that the rate of elaboration of bile depends primarily on the rate of secretion of bile salts. The variations in flow and composition of hepatic bile seem to result from the addition of a fluid whieh is similar in some respects to pancreatic juice.
Localization of Bile Salt Absorption In Vivo in the Rabbit
Annals of Surgery, 1968
TME FIRST MAN to propose recirculation of bile salts, or an enterohepatic bile salt cycle, probably was Hoppe-Seyler 13 in 1863. He postulated that bile salts were reabsorbed by the intestinal tract, since only small amounts of bile salts were found in the feces in contrast to the quantity found in the small intestine. Seven years later, Schiff22 explained the choleretic effect of bile as being due to the absorption and recirculation of the bile. Tschernoff 27 in 1884 and Stadelman 24 in 1896 gave evidence for the absorption of bile salts from the intestinal tract and their excretion through the liver. In this century, Whipple and Smith 30' 31 confirmed the existence of an enterohepatic bile salt cycle by the following experiment: dogs with total biliary fistulas were able to produce from their fistulas an average of 100 mg. of bile salts/ Kg./day; this amount was assumed to be equal to maximum endogenous bile salt synthesis. When the bile was collected and fed back to the dogs, the daily average output of bile salts rose to 800 mg./Kg./day. From these data, Whipple and Smith concluded that 700 mg./Kg./day of the bile salts collected from the fistulas must have come from the enterohepatic reabsorption of bile salts.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology, 1981
The biliary response to feeding has been investigated in intact and cholecystectomized rabbits, with and without interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. The relative contribution of the different secretory mechanisms involved in this process has been examined. Feeding induced an increase in the flow and bicarbonate concentration of the bile and a slight decrease in the bile salt content in rabbits with gall bladders and the enterohepatic circulation intact. Feeding with the enterohepatic circulation interrupted elicited a drop in bile flow and the bile salt concentration, but an increase in bicarbonate concentration. Interruption of the enterohepatic circulation thus dramatically modifies the feeding response: a response to food is still detectable after interruption, but is masked by the negative effects of drainage of the bile away from the duodenum.