Depression Among Adolescents in Relation to Family Environment, Gender and Type of Institution: A Case Study (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2016
Background: Depression is one of the common and ignorant psychiatric problems in adolescents now days. It has profound adverse effect on their physical as well as mental health. The objective of this study was to study the prevalence of depression among school going adolescent girls.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 336 school going adolescent girls in Barabanki district from June 2016 to September 2016. Multistage sampling was used to enroll the study subjects. Bio-social parameters such as age, socioeconomic status etc. were assessed by direct interview of adolescent girl as well as its confirmation with school records. Six items KADS (Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale) was used for assessment of depression among adolescent girl.Results: Out of 336 adolescent girls screened 18.7% were found positive for depression. Lower socio-economic status was found as one of the independent predictor of depression. Girls belonging to lower socioeconomic groups (odds ratio ...
Assessment of magnitude and grades of depression among adolescents in Raipur City, India
Adolescent depression not only interferes with emotional, social, and academic functioning but also is a proven risk factor for school absenteeism, educational under achievement, substance abuse and suicidal behaviour. But scanty literature is available regarding the various social determinants that have an impact on adolescents' state of mental well-being. The current study was thus undertaken to assess the prevalence and grade of depression among school student of class 12 studying in various Boards of Education in Raipur city. The study also looks into the various social factors that may have an association with depression. A cross sectional questionnaire based study was carried out among 321 students studying in class 12 across various boards of education in Raipur city. Study tool consisted of questionnaire having two parts, first part contains 16 questions about general information of students and second part contains 20 questions of centre for epidemiological studies-depression scale (CES-D). The data was tabulated and analysed using SPSS v16. Chi square (X2) test was applied. A total of 321 students were included in the study. 40.49% students were found to be mildly depressed and 19% had major depression. Depression was found more in females 59.49% as compare to male 56.24%.The percentage of depressed students was highest among students of I.C.S.E. board (48.33%). Among the various factors examined for association with depression, statistically significant factors identified were working mothers, students staying away from home, poor relationship with family and self or parental dissatisfaction with academic achievement. Peer pressure also had significant association. Having a hobby acted as a protection against depression. Based on the identified factors, proactive steps should be taken at school and community levels to ensure healthy school and family environments. Emphasis should also be on IEC activities to ensure recognition of even mild symptoms of depression and their early treatment.
Background: Adolescence is defined as the phase of development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Presently in India, 243 million populations are staring at the crossroads of transition from childhood to adulthood. Physical, emotional, and social issues unique to this age group make them vulnerable to various mental problems. So, we conducted this study to quantify the current burden of depression in adolescents and its possible causes. Materials and methods: The present community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the middle and late adolescent participants aged 14-19 years from 52 sections (clusters) of 9th to 12th classes comprising a total of 1412 students with a multistage cluster sampling method. In total four sections (clusters), and one participant of class 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th were chosen from 13 preselected schools. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic details, screen time, physical activity, etc., and the DASS-42 scale was used to determine the prevalence of depression. Results: We found that the prevalence of depression in our study participants was around 39%. It was classified as 16.9%, 16.7%, 5.1%, and 0.5% participants respectively having mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe depression. Mother's education was a statistically significant determinant for depression among these adolescents. Conclusion: The study concludes that the prevalence of depression (including mild, moderate, severe, or very severe) among school-going adolescents is 39%. We hereby recommend that a holistic approach should be followed involving parents and teachers with the help of school counselors to tackle and curb this problem.
Prevalence of depression among school-going adolescents in an Urban Area of Bihar, India
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
Introduction: Depression is one of the under-recognized health problems in adolescents. Emotional instability resulted from childhood to adulthood transition makes adolescents vulnerable to depression. Aims: The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of depression and its associated sociodemographic factors among school-going adolescents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken from January 2016 to June 2016 in adolescents studying in 9-12 th standard from forty schools located in an urban area of Patna, Bihar. The self-administered questionnaire of Beck's Depression Inventory II was utilized to assess the prevalence of depression. Statistical analysis was done with Pearson's Chi-square test using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Among the 1412 selected students, the prevalence of depression was found to be 49.2%, wherein the prevalence of severe depression was 7.7%. The overall prevalence of depression was significantly (P < 0.001) higher among girls (55.1%) than boys (45.8%). The prevalence of depression was found to be higher among students belonging to minorities (Buddhism, Jainism, etc.) (63.3%, P < 0.001). Elder students were found to be more depressed than younger students. Depression was found to be statistically significantly associated with gender and religion (P < 0.005). Guilty feeling (69.48%) was one of the most prominent clinical factors associated with depression followed by pessimism (58.14%), sadness (56.52%), and past failure (55.81%). Conclusions: Mental health is one of the most neglected aspects of our society. There is a need to increase awareness about depression among teachers and parents to identify and help depressed adolescents in the school.
Introduction:Depression is common in adolescents and especially in high school students and is one of the most frequent mental disorders among teenagers. Depression in adolescents is an under recognized mental health problem because they remain indecisive to disclose their feelings and seldom seek psychiatric help. One of the factors that make depression so difficult to diagnose in adolescents is the common behavioural changes that are normally associated with the hormonal changes of this period. It has only been in recent years that the medical community has acknowledged childhood depression and viewed it as a condition which requires intervention.Materials and Methods:Aschool based cross-sectional study among adolescents was conducted by using self-administered structured " Patient Health Questionnaire-9 modified for Adolescents (PHQ-A) questionnaire " in rural field practice area of A.J.Instituteof Medical Sciences & Research Center, Mangaluru.Results:Total 284 students participated in the study and prevalence of depression was 49%. Prevalence of depression increased with age (p-value:0.001) and was higher among females (p-value:0.02).Discussion:Prevalence of depression in this study matched with other studies conducted in India. Majority of the students suffered from mild depression which indicates early diagnosis is crucial in prevention of progression to moderate and severe forms of depression.Conclusion:Prevalence of depression among adolescents is high. There is an urgent need for incorporation of simple screening methods for depression in school health program.
Prevalence of depression among school going adolescents in an urban area of Haryana, India
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2015
Background: Depression in adolescents often results in suicide, school drop-out, pregnancy, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, progressing in to adult depression functional disability and significant impairment. Depression in adolescents is an under recognized mental health problem. Methods: Cross-sectional study by using simple screening instrument Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) among school-going adolescents in urban Rohtak (Haryana). All the students of class 9 th & 10 th of 3 government schools were included. The data was collected on a predesigned, pre-tested, semi-structured, schedule by interview technique after obtaining informed consent from the concerned adolescents/principals of schools. Statistical analysis has been done with simple proportions and percentages using SPSS20. Results: A total of 374 adolescents participated in the study. More than half of study subjects were found to have scores corresponding to some degree of depression and nearly one in seven was suffering from moderate to severe depression. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for screening for depressive symptomatology and identifying adolescents who need further intervention.
The study was undertaken to know the depression level among adolescents of Kashmir division in relation to sex and rural/urban dichotomy. The sample for the study was 600 adolescents of Kashmir division by using random sampling technique. For the measurement of depression among adolescents, a self-report scale developed by the centre for epidemiologic studies of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) was used (Seligman19930). The analysis of the data showed that there was no significant difference between rural and urban adolescents on depression while it was found that male and female adolescents shows a significant difference on depression. Depression among female was found higher than that of male due to the reason that they feel insecurity in terms of status, power etc.
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 2022
Worldwide depression is one of the most common chronic disorder as well as mental health problems in adolescent and young adult boys & girls. In Bihar, as per the report published by population council of India namely "Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) in Bihar, India", pointed out that more than 90% boys & girls exposed their symptoms of mildly depressive disorders and nearly 15% boys and girls reported their symptom of moderate to severe depressive disorders. Objectives: This current study identified the risk factors of moderate to severe depressive disorders among adolescents and young adults from Bihar, a most underdeveloped state of India. This study also to identify is there any relationship between depressive disorders and educational outcome as well as suicidal outcome of adolescents and young adults in Bihar. Methodology adopted: Descriptive statistics, Logistic regression and Chi-square test were adopted to complete this study. Results: The likelihood of moderate to severe depressive disorder is higher among to those adolescents or young adults who were physically punished [AOR: 1.59; P < 0.05; 95% CI: 1.48-1.71] by their parent, had no permission to disclose their opinion to the other elder member of that family [AOR: 1.41; P < 0.05; 95% CI: 1.12-1.57] and to those whose parents neglect their child to hear personal things [AOR: 1.18; P < 0.05; 95% CI: 0.96-1.31] if they want to share, studied at private school and whose mother had no educational attainment or very less.
The study was undertaken to know the depression level among adolescents of Kashmir division in relation to sex and rural/urban dichotomy. The sample for the study was 600 adolescents of Kashmir division by using random sampling technique. For the measurement of depression among adolescents, a self-report scale developed by the centre for epidemiologic studies of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) was used (Seligman19930). The analysis of the data showed that there was no significant difference between rural and urban adolescents on depression while it was found that male and female adolescents shows a significant difference on depression. Depression among female was found higher than that of male due to the reason that they feel insecurity in terms of status, power etc.
The burden of depression among Indian adolescents: A study on cross-sectional data
Background: Depression has been identified as a leading cause of disability, and studies suggest that people who have experienced depression at a young age are more likely to have depression throughout their lives. This study aims to assess the prevalence and determinants of depression among adolescents in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh states of India which holds the majority of adolescents in the country.Method: We have utilized data from Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) survey which was conducted in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh among 10-19 years old in 2016. Descriptive statistics, Bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to fulfill the objective of this study. Results: Prevalence of depression was found to be higher among married female adolescents 49.6% (aged 15-19 years) in comparison to unmarried males 36% (10-19 years) and female adolescents 42.4% (10-19 years). Among adolescent males who ever seriously consider attempting ...