Energy Efficiency in TDMA-Based Next-Generation Passive Optical Access Networks (original) (raw)
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Flexible TDMA/WDMA passive optical network: Energy efficient next-generation optical access solution
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Access networks must further advance to address the intensification of the requirements of growing speeds and the usage of Internet applications, and time and wavelength division multiple access (TDMA/WDMA) based passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs) have been widely considered as one of the evolutionary steps of next-generation optical access (NGOA) networks. TWDM-PON combines the flexibility of TDMA with an increased capacity offered by the use of a WDM layer. Moreover, it offers interesting and challenging avenues to minimize energy consumption: especially, with current access networks consuming about 80% of the energy consumed in the Internet. Along with other efforts, reducing energy consumption of central offices is conspicuous as it directly minimizes the operational expenditures of network providers. In this paper, we explore the new paradigms to conserve energy at the central offices in TWDM-PONs. By extensive simulations, we evaluate the possible energy savings in the various flavors of TWDM-PON. Based on the findings, we propose a new architectural flavor of TWDM-PON and benchmark the architecture for cost, power consumption and reach. We also propose a novel energy saving scheme for the proposed architecture and evaluate the impact of the proposed algorithm on energy savings by extensive simulations.
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The rapid deployment of passive optical access networks (PONs) increases the global energy consumption of networking infrastructure. This paper focuses on the minimization of energy consumption in Ethernet PONs (EPONs). We present an energy-efficient, distributed dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm able to power off the transmitter and receiver of an optical network unit (ONU) when there is no upstream or downstream traffic. Our main contribution is combining the advantages of a distributed DBA (namely, a smaller packet delay compared to centralized DBAs, due to less time being needed to allocate the transmission slot) with energy saving features (that come at a price of longer delays due to the longer queue waiting times when transmitters are switched off). The proposed algorithm analyzes the queue size of the ONUs in order to switch them to doze/sleep mode when there is no upstream/downstream traffic in the network, respectively. Our results show that we minimized the ONU...
Energy-saving framework for passive optical networks with ONU sleep/doze mode
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This paper proposes an energy-saving passive optical network framework (ESPON) that aims to incorporate optical network unit (ONU) sleep/doze mode into dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms to reduce ONU energy consumption. In the ESPON, the optical line terminal (OLT) schedules both downstream (DS) and upstream (US) transmissions in the same slot in an online and dynamic fashion whereas the ONU enters sleep mode outside the slot. The ONU sleep time is maximized based on both DS and US traffic. Moreover, during the slot, the ONU might enter doze mode when only its transmitter is idle to further improve energy efficiency. The scheduling order of data transmission, control message exchange, sleep period, and doze period defines an energy-efficient scheme under the ESPON. Three schemes are designed and evaluated in an extensive FPGA-based evaluation. Results show that whilst all the schemes significantly save ONU energy for different evaluation scenarios, the scheduling order has great impact on their performance. In addition, the ESPON allows for a scheduling order that saves ONU energy independently of the network reach.
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European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication, 2012
We propose a new dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for energy efficiency in next generation optical access (NGOA) networks, and evaluate the power savings possible at the optical network unit (ONU) by applying sleep and doze modes. Sleep mode is found to be most effective for NGOA systems with burst mode traffic transmission and reception.
Energy efficient and latency aware TDM-PON for local customer internetworking
2015 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM), 2015
In this paper, we propose a novel energy efficient solution for TDM Passive Optical Networks (TDM-PONs), which is a widely used access network technology, to facilitate local customer internetworking. Here, our prime objectives are to ensure traffic latency among different customers connected through TDM-PON and maximize energy saving performance of Optical Network Units (ONUs), which are TDM-PON equipment situated at customer premises. To do so, we devise a novel sleep management protocols for ONUs. In our proposal, when some ONUs need to exchange traffic, they maintain sleep mode as a group in order to reduce traffic latency among the customers attached with those ONUs. To date, considering traffic forwarding between access and core network entities, researchers have come up with several solutions to manage sleep mode in ONUs in order to improve PON energy saving. However, to the best of our knowledge, how ONUs can manage sleep mode and at the same time satisfy latency requirements while managing data flows among them has been paid little attention. The effectiveness of our solution is validated and compared with other alternative approach by simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed solution reduces inter-ONU traffic delay noticeably compared to other solution while providing satisfactory energy saving performance of ONUs.
2012 17th European Conference on Networks and Optical Communications, 2012
This article proposes a mechanism to increase the energy efficiency of the upstream channel in TDM-base PONs. Essentially, the ONUs are encouraged to accumulate traffic and transmit data bursts just by increasing the cycle time values artificially. The guard time is enlarged to avoid the case where ONUs are queried by the OLT and have none or few packets to transmit, thus allowing more time to sleep until the next cycle time. This strategy has however the downside effect of a substantial increase in the queueing delay experienced by packets. We provide a basic analysis to maximise the power savings for a given average delay target experienced by the packets.
Energy-Saving Mechanism in WDM/TDM-PON Based on Upstream Network Traffic
Photonics, 2014
One of the main challenges of Passive Optical Networks (PONs) is the resource (bandwidth and wavelength) management. Since it has been shown that access networks consume a significant part of the overall energy of the telecom networks, the resource management schemes should also consider energy minimization strategies. To sustain the increased bandwidth demand of emerging applications in the access section of the network, it is expected that next generation optical access networks will adopt the wavelength division/time division multiplexing (WDM/TDM) technique to increase PONs capacity. Compared with traditional PONs, the architecture of a WDM/TDM-PON requires more transceivers/receivers, hence they are expected to consume more energy. In this paper, we focus on the energy minimization in WDM/TDM-PONs and we propose an energy-efficient Dynamic Bandwidth and Wavelength Allocation mechanism whose objective is to turn off, whenever possible, the unnecessary upstream traffic receivers at the Optical Line Terminal (OLT). We evaluate our mechanism in different scenarios and show that the proper use of upstream channels leads to relevant energy savings. Our proposed energy-saving mechanism is able to save energy at the OLT while maintaining the introduced penalties in terms of packet delay and cycle time within an acceptable range. We might highlight the benefits of our proposal as a mechanism that maximizes the channel utilization. Detailed implementation of the proposed algorithm is presented, and simulation results Photonics 2014, 1 236 are reported to quantify energy savings and effects on network performance on different network scenarios.
Towards an effective energy efficient passive optical network
2011
Communication networks' energy consumption poses a considerable threat to the environment stability. The expansion of access networks, which constitute the main playground of the Internet backhaul, is accompanied by numerous energy inefficient devices and equipments. Passive optical networks (PONs) is a potential dominant technology on the field of access networking, hence the reduction of the consumed energy of the optical devices forms a critical issue. In this paper, an efficient green PON is introduced, having two main targets: a) to reduce the energy consumption, by allowing optical devices to operate longer in sleep mode, and b) to maintain PON's good performance. Beyond the green provisioning, the proposed scheme is able to increase occasionally the network performance in terms of mean packet delay and packet drop ratio. This is accomplished by reducing the amount of control messages between subscribers, operating in sleep mode, and central office, allowing more bandwidth to be allocated for data delivering.
Energy efficient DBA algorithms for TWDM-PONs
2015 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2015
Energy efficiency is of a vital significance in the design of next generation time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs). In this paper, we first review strategies to save energy in TWDM-PONs using the state-of-the-art dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms. The DBA algorithms should not only minimize energy consumption but should impose a minimal penalty on delay performance. In this context, mainly two DBA design paradigms can be exploited: offline and online. After reviewing the performance of various design paradigms, we propose an optimal algorithm, which minimizes the energy consumption at both the OLT and the ONUs, by combining the energy efficiency due to sleep modes and the load dependent use of transceivers at the OLT. Due to this, the average energy consumption is reduced to 31%.