Oral Health Status Assessment of an African Population: Rationale, Methods and Population Characteristics (original) (raw)
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BMC Oral Health
Background Oral health surveys aid in estimating the oral health of a population and provide a projection for future oral health care needs. We report the procedures and rationale of a survey carried out to assess the oral health status and risk factors for oral disease among adults in the Greater Accra Region (GAR) of Ghana. The objective was to provide prevalence estimates on dental diseases, oral health behaviour and risk factors, and to establish baseline epidemiological data on the population’s oral health for further research. Methods This was a population-based cross-sectional study of adults aged 25 years and above. A random, stratified two-stage sampling method was used to select participants from rural and urban communities in three types of districts (Metropolitan, Municipal, Ordinary). A semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, oral health behaviours and risk factors for oral disease. Anthropometric data and a full-mou...
2023
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors affecting the level of utilization of oral health services in a sub urban adult population in Ishaka-Western Uganda. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 study participants. Data was collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data was entered in Epi-info computer software version 3.5.1 and exported to STATA Version 14.0 for analysis. Univariate analysis and modified Poisson regression were done to identify factors associated with utilization of oral health services. Crude prevalence ratios with 95% confidence interval were used to determine the level of significance at bivariate meanwhile adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated at multivariate analysis to establish independent significant factors. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 30.22 ± 9.97. It was observed that 36.72% of the study participants had utilized oral health services. Factors affecting utilization of oral health services that were statistically significant were level of education (tertiary level of education versus none) (P<0.001), average monthly income of >1,000,0000 Shilings (about 300)versus<501,000(about300) versus <501,000 (about 300)versus<501,000(about150) (P<0.001), no phobia for dental procedures (P=0.035), perception that oral health visits are important (P=0.017) and positive attitude of attending health workers (P=0.028). Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of utilization of oral health services in the studied suburban adult population was poor. The level of education, income and phobia for dental procedures were associated with the utilization of oral health services. It is recommended that oral health promotion strategies be deployed in order to increase awareness and access to oral health care.
Oral health status and service utilization among a group of rural older Nigerians
African Journal of Oral Health, 2018
Objectives: To determine oral health status and explore factors associated with use professional oral health care among a Nigerian rural older population. Methods: Recruitments of 400 participants aged 60 and above done by multi-stage-sampling method. Pretested structured questionnaire administered with oral examination done. Results: Mean ages of participants were 67.06+/-8.37 years. Proportion of participants with poor oral hygiene was 49.5%, caries (17.4%), periodontal disease (16.5%), tooth loss (71.3%) and tooth replacement was done by 5.5% of this population. Majority (64.8%) had never used professional oral health care. Main reason for seeking professional care was pain (73.05%). The proportion that went for routine checkup (8.5%) was the least. Proximity to dental service (p = 0.01), presence of oral pain (<0.001), attitude to professional oral care (p = <0.001) and ability to afford professional dental care (p = 0.001) had significant association, with utilization of professional oral care. Discussion: The poor oral health and elevated tooth loss is at variance with universal access to health and the rural older population is deprived of oral health interventions. There are various factors attributed to these, such as financial constraint and negative attitude. All of these may translates to social exclusion of the rural older population. Conclusion: Oral health in the older population studied is poor with an increased tendency to tooth loss and poor utilization of professional oral care. Factors influencing professional oral care were proximity to service centre, attitude to oral health, and perception of cost.
Oral health status of children and adults in urban and rural areas of Burkina Faso, Africa
International Dental Journal, 2004
Objectives: To assess the level of dental knowledge and attitudes among 12 year-old children and 35-44 year-olds in Burkina Faso; to evaluate the pattern of oral health behaviour among these cohorts in relation to location, gender and social characteristics and; to evaluate the relative effect of social-behavioural risk factors on caries experience. Design: A cross sectional study including urban and rural subgroups of population. Sample and methods: Multistage cluster sampling of households in urban areas; in rural areas random samples of participants were based on the recent population census. The final study population covered two age groups: 12 years (n = 505) and 35-44 years (n = 493). Results: For both children and adults, levels of oral health knowledge, attitudes and selfcare were low; 36% of 12-year-olds and 57% of 35-44-year-olds carried out toothcleaning on a daily basis. Pain and discomfort from teeth were common while dental visits were infrequent. Tooth cleaning was mostly performed by use of chewsticks. Use of toothpaste was rare, particularly fluoridated toothpaste was seldom; 9% of 12-year-olds and 18% of 35-44-year-olds reported use of fluoride toothpaste. Significant differences were found in oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices according to location and gender. At age 12, important factors of high caries experience were location (urban), and consumption of soft drinks and fresh fruits. In 35-44-year-olds, gender (female), high education level, dental visit and occupation (government employee) were the significant factors of high dental caries experience whereas adults using traditional chewing sticks had lower DMFT. Conclusions: Health authorities should strengthen the implementation of oral disease prevention and health promotion programmes rather than traditional curative care. Community-oriented essential care and affordable fluoride toothpaste should be encouraged.
Yenegoa Medical Journal, 2021
Background: Oral disease is considered an important public health problem because of its high prevalence and effects. Oral diseases are strongly influenced by the patient’s belief, attitudes and values. Objective: To assess the oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices, and its impacts on caries experience and oral hygiene status among dental patients presenting at a secondary healthcare facility in Southern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of adult dental patients presenting at the Dental department, Central Hospital Oleh, Delta State. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and clinical oral examination. Analysis of data was done using the IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 25 software. Association between variables was tested using Fisher’s exact, independent t-test, multinominal logistic and Pearson’s regressions. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: In this study, there were 154 respondents with a mean age of 40.49 years. The mean percentage oral health knowledge, attitude and practices scores among respondents were fair (66.6% ± 15.1%), good (76.5% ± 8.6%) and fair (66.5% ± 9.4%). The prevalence of dental caries was 49.4%. The mean DMFT and OHI-S among the respondents were 1.21 and 3.26. Oral hygiene status was significantly correlated with oral health knowledge and practices (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The knowledge and practices of respondents concerning oral health were fair; meanwhile, their attitudes were good. Oral hygiene was significantly associated with age and sex. Socioeconomic conditions were associated with oral health practices. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Dental patients, Healthcare.
Introduction : The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with access to oral healthcare among adults in Asamankese, Eastern Region, Ghana. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional design was used in this study involving 310 adults. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic characteristics of the study population. Access to oral healthcare was described using the five dimensions of access on a five-point Likert scale: affordability, availability, accessibility, accommodation and acceptability. The chi square test was used to determine association between the independent variable; health system factors and the dependent variable (access to oral healthcare). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the strength of association between the dependent variable and independent variables. The level of statistical significance was accepted at p
Introduction: Oral health is essential to general health and quality of life and means more than good teeth; it is integral to general health and essential for wellbeing. It is therefore important that oral health is taken as a serious public health issue as knowledge of what constitutes good oral care is pertinent to ensuring that the populace maintain good oral health habits. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of oral health among secondary students: an urban rural comparison. Methodology: This is a comparative cross sectional analytical study among senior secondary school students in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja. Data was collected from 307 respondents using a semi structured self-administered questionnaire. A cluster sampling technique was used to select the schools. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 21 at 5% significance level. We used chi square test to assess associations between variables and t-test to compare two means. Other associations were ascertained using cross tabulation of the relevant variables of interest. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between urban (67.2%) and rural (51.3%) students in knowledge (X 2 =4.103, p= 0.04). Assessment of attitude using Likert scale showed generally no significant difference between urban and rural population of students (p=0.69). However about 60.7% and 66.3% of urban vs. rural students respectively reported that they would rather use herbal medications without regular visits to the dentist. Good practice of oral health was found to significantly differ between urban (59.9%) and rural (51.9%) school students (p = 0.03). As high as 50.3% and 46.8% of urban and rural students respectively brushed just once or less than once a day. Overall, female students brush more frequently than male student and this was a statistically significant difference, (p =0.001). Conclusion: Secondary school students in this setting generally had good knowledge, attitude and practise of oral health, however these findings were better among students in the urban schools and female students. We recommend improved health promotion and education efforts targeted at students in rural secondary schools and male students.
RSBO
Introduction and objective: A number of studies have associated prevalence of oral diseases, socioeconomic factors, and dental services in Brazil, and this study aimed to review, in narrative mode, the causal nexus between them. Literature review: The high prevalence of dental problems such as caries and periodontal disease is still found worldwide, despite the significant reduction. The impacts resulting from tooth loss are not limited to the physical condition, but also to the social aspects. The association between oral diseases and microbiological and hygiene factors is recognized, but deficient as explanatory power. The discussion of correlated factors, associated with the development of relevant oral diseases and marking existing inequities, must be expanded. Conclusion: The factors studied showed an involvement, indicating that inequities in oral health are striking in the Brazilian population, with serious consequences. Efforts are needed to control and modify this context.
Addressing Oral Health Inequities, Access to Care, Knowledge, and Behaviors
Preventing Chronic Disease, 2021
Oral health is essential to overall health (1), and dental public health is a field of public health and a specialized field of dentistry that focuses on improving access to oral health care and understanding the factors that contribute to improving oral health from a population health perspective (2). This collection of articles in Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD), "Oral Health Behaviors and Availability of Dental Services Among Children and Adults," features 8 articles that discuss contemporary dental public health challenges and opportunities. These include inequities in access to dental care, disparities in the prevalence of oral disease, risk behaviors related to oral disease, the relationship between oral health and chronic diseases, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on oral health.