Fe0 nanoparticles improve physiological and antioxidative attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plants grown in soil spiked with hexavalent chromium (original) (raw)
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Scientific Reports
Contaminated water with hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a serious environmental problem. This study aimed to evaluate the Cr(VI) removal by zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) reduction process and the impact of Cr(VI), nZVI and combined treatment with nZVI and Cr(VI) on tomato growth performance. To evaluate the Cr(VI) toxic effect on germination capability, seeds were exposed to increasing Cr(VI) concentrations up to 1000 mg L−1. The inhibition of seed germination and the decrease of hypocotyl and root length started from Cr(VI) 5 mg L−1. Under treatment with Cr(VI) + nZVI 5 mg L−1, seed germination, hypocotyl and root length resulted significantly higher compared to Cr(VI) 5 mg L−1 treatment. The impact of only nZVI was investigated on chlorophyll and carotenoid in leaves; iron levels in leaves, roots, fruits and soil; carotenoid, fat-soluble vitamin and nicotianamine in mature fruits. A significant increase of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids was observed after nZVI 5 mg L−1 tre...
Research Square (Research Square), 2023
Soils contaminated with chromium (Cr) have become a major ecological concern. Chromium poses serious health issues when become the part of our food chain. So, the key objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the impact of foliar applied zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as varying levels (0, 25, 50, 100 mg L-1) as well as iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) as varying levels (0, 5, 10, 20 mg L-1) on lettuce growth, biomass, photosynthetic process as well as essential nutrients and Cr uptake by lettuce plants under Cr stress. Foliar spray of ZnO and Fe NPs was applied as foliar spray and plants harvesting was done at maturity. Our results depicted that foliar application of ZnO NPs and Fe NPs improved the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidants enzymes activities and reduced the oxidative damage in lettuce plants by stimulating the antioxidative defense machinery. Additionally, application of ZnO and Fe NPs resulted in enhancement of Zn and Fe forti cation in Red Sails Lettuce, respectively. Moreover, Zn and Fe NPs enhanced the uptake of the essential nutrients while limiting the Cr uptake by lettuce plants and Cr concentration in lettuce leaves was under the threshold limit for Cr.
Ecotoxicology, 2019
We investigated the effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) that has been widely used for groundwater remediation on a terrestrial crop, Medicago sativa (Alfalfa), and comprehensively addressed its development and growth in soil culture. Root lengths, chlorophyll, carbohydrate and lignin contents were compared, and no physiological phytotoxicity was observed in the plants. In the roots, using an omics-based analytical, we found evidence of OH radical-induced cell wall loosening from exposure to nZVI, resulting in increased root lengths that were approximately 1.5 times greater than those of the control. Moreover, germination index (GI) was employed to physiologically evaluate the impact of nZVI on germination and root length. In regard to chlorophyll concentration, nZVI-treated alfalfa exhibited a higher value in 20-day-old seedlings, whereas the carbohydrate and lignin contents were slightly decreased in nZVI-treated alfalfa. Additionally, evidence for translocation of nZVI into plant tissues was also found. Vibrating sample magnetometry on shoots revealed the translocation of nZVI from the root to shoot. In this study, using an edible crop as a representative model, the potential impact of reactive engineered nanomaterials that can be exposed to the ecosystem on plant is discussed.
The Science of the total environment, 2017
Recent evidence for the effects of metallic engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on plants and plant systems was examined together with its implications for other constituents of the Society-Environment-Economy (SEE) system. In this study, we were particularly interested to determine whether or not metallic ENPs have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects upon plant performance. An emphasis was made to analyze the scientific evidence on investigations examining both types of effects in the same studies. Analysis of evidence demonstrated that metallic ENPs have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects mostly in well-controlled environments and soilless media. Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and Cu ENPs have potential for use as micronutrients for plant systems, keeping in mind the proper formulation at the right dose for each type of ENP. The concentration levels for the stimulatory effects of Cu ENPs are lower than for those for nZVI. Newer findings showed that extremely smaller concentrati...
Plants
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are considered potential agents for agriculture as fertilizers and growth enhancers. However, their action spectrum differs strongly, depending on the type of NP, its concentrations, and plant species per se, ranging from growth stimulation to toxicity. This work aimed to investigate effects of iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs on growth, photosynthesis, respiration, antioxidant activity, and leaf mineral content of wheat plants. Wheat seeds were treated with NP for 3 h and plants were grown in the soil at two light intensities, 120 and 300 μmol (photons) m−2·s−1, followed by physiological assessment at several time points. High NP treatment (200 and 500 mg·L−1) enhanced plant growth, photosynthesis and respiration, as well as increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves. This effect depended on both the light intensity during plant growth and the age of the plants. Regardless of concentration and light intensity, an effect of NPs on the primary ph...
Toxicity of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and its fate in Zea mays
Advances in Environmental Technology, 2019
Application of nanotechnology has gained remarkable interest in recent years and environmental exposure to nanomaterials is becoming inevitable. Therefore, nanotoxicity problem is gaining more attention. Zero-valent iron nano particles (nZVI) are being used widely for different purposes such as environmental remediation. Excessive amounts of nanomaterials may pose inhibitory effects on growth of plants cultivated in nZVI-affected soils which has been addressed in this research. Moreover, fate of nZVI in plants was investigated in the present study. Plant seeds were exposed to different concentrations of nZVI i.e. 0, 100, 250, 500, 800 and 1000 mg/kg. Z. mays was selected as the model plant in this study and found to be a tolerant plant species in presence of low to moderate levels of nZVI in soil. However, addition of higher doses of nZVI reduced seedling emergence and biomass establishment. Results indicated that the total Fe concentrations in Z. mays treated with nZVI increased compared to the control. Considerably higher accumulation of Fe in roots of Z. mays compared to the shoots in all treatments was found. Results indicated that the total Fe contents in Z. mays treated with nZVI were higher than those in control, with the highest Fe accumulation capacity of 24666.2 µg per pot which was obtained in soil received 500 mg/kg nZVI. Overally, toxic effects of higher doses of nZVI on plants were observed in this study. Intelligent use of nZVI for environmental purposes such as applying low to moderate levels of nZVI in soil remediation activities could remarkably prevent their adverse impacts on plant species, promote plant phytoextraction capability, and reduce nZV emission in the environment.
Application of Nanoparticles Alleviates Heavy Metals Stress and Promotes Plant Growth: An Overview
Nanomaterials, 2020
Nanotechnology is playing a significant role in addressing a vast range of environmental challenges by providing innovative and effective solutions. Heavy metal (HM) contamination has gained considerable attention in recent years due their rapidly increasing concentrations in agricultural soil. Due to their unique physiochemical properties, nanoparticles (NPs) can be effectively applied for stress alleviation. In this review, we explore the current status of the literature regarding nano-enabled agriculture retrieved from the Web of Science databases and published from January 2010 to November 2020, with most of our sources spanning the past five years. We briefly discuss uptake and transport mechanisms, application methods (soil, hydroponic and foliar), exposure concentrations, and their impact on plant growth and development. The current literature contained sufficient information about NPs behavior in plants in the presence of pollutants, highlighting the alleviation mechanism to...
Phytotoxicity and upper localization of Ag@CoFe2O4 nanoparticles in wheat plants
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
Environmental concern related to Ag + release from conventional AgNPs is expected to be prevented once contained into a magnetic core like magnetite or CoFe 2 O 4. Accordingly, we obtained CoFe 2 O 4 NPs by microwave-assisted synthesis, which AgNO 3 addition rendered Ag@CoFe 2 O 4 NPs. NPs were characterized, and before exploring potential applications, we carried out 7-day wheat toxicity assays. Seed germination and seedling growth were used as toxicity endpoints and photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes as oxidative stress biomarkers. Total Fe, Co, and Ag determination was initial indicative of Ag@CoFe 2 O 4 NPs uptake by plants. Then NPs localization in seedling tissues was sought by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and darkfield hyperspectral imaging (DF-HSI). Not any silver ion (Ag +) was detected into the ferrite structure, but results only confirmed the presence of metallic silver (Ag 0) adsorbed on the CoFe 2 O 4 NPs surface. Agglomerates of Ag@CoFe 2 O 4 NPs (~10 nm) were fivefold smaller than CoFe 2 O 4 NPs, and ferrimagnetic properties of the CoFe 2 O 4 NPs were conserved after the formation of the Ag@CoFe 2 O 4 composite NPs. Seed germination was not affected by NPs, but root and shoot lengths of seedlings diminished 50% at 54.89 mg/kg and 168.18 mg/kg NPs, respectively. Nonetheless, hormesis was observed in roots of plants exposed to lower Ag@CoFe 2 O 4 NPs treatments. Photosynthetic pigments and the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) indicated oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. SEM suggested NPs presence in shoots and roots, whereas DF-HSI confirmed some Ag@CoFe 2 O 4 NPs contained in shoots of wheat plants.
Nanoparticle Mediated Plant Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress: What We Know?
Sustainability
Nanoparticles (NPs) are playing an important role in addressing various environmental constraints by giving ingenious and successful resolutions. Heavy metal (HM) stress has gained significant importance in the last few years because of its speedy incorporation into agricultural sectors. Due to exclusive physiochemical properties, NPs can be effectively applied for stress mitigation strategies. NPs are highly effective over bulk scale parts owing to the control of the enhanced surface area and the possibility for specific properties to enhance nutrient uptake. In the present review, we explore the use of NPs as an environmentally sound practice to enhance plant growth when exposed to abiotic stress, particularly HM stress. Furthermore, we display an extensive summary of recent progress concerning the role of NPs in HM stress tolerance. This review paper will also be useful for comprehending phytoremediation of contaminated soils and indicates the prospective research required for th...
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CROP PLANTS TO METAL AND CARBON NANOPARTICLES (Atena Editora)
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CROP PLANTS TO METAL AND CARBON NANOPARTICLES (Atena Editora), 2022
The fast development ofnanotechnology (NT) and the applicationof metal and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) toplants, disturbs their metabolic processesand influences positively or harmfully themorphophysiological responses. Numeroustypes of NPs employed as plant growthregulators, nanopesticides and nanofertilizers,have shown promising evidence so far forincreasing crop yields, and managing salt andwater stress at the field. Some metal-basedNPs are considered a biosafe material fororganisms. Earlier studies have demonstratedthe potential of some NPs for seed germinationstimulation and plant growth, as well as diseasesuppression and plant protection by virtue oftheir antimicrobial activity. In this article bothpositive and negative effects of metallic andcarbon NPs on plant growth and metabolismare documented. Uptake, translocation, andaccumulation of NPs by plants depend uponthe distinct features of the NPs as well as onthe physiology of the host plant. This reviewcontributes to the current understandingof the outcome of NPs in cultivated plants,their absorption, translocation, physiologicalresponses, and mitigation impacts to variousadverse conditions on plant growth. Theresults presented here correspond to theevaluation of NPs in more than 30 crops,belonging to 19 plant families.