The Influence of Tillage Systems on Soil Compaction in the Corn Crop (original) (raw)
Related papers
2011
No-Tillage (NT) and Minimum Tillage (MT) have, in recent years, become tillage systems for soil conservation, popular in Romania. Their insertion in agricultural practice reduces soil degradation phenomena, avoids the implementation of an intensive management and reduces production costs. This work had as objectives: to assess the effects of tillage systems on compaction, temperature and soil moisture, as well as establishing the effect of the changes on the production of wheat, maize and soybeans. The study was conducted on an argic-stagnic Faeoziom. MT and NT application reduce or completely eliminate the soil mobilization, due to this, soil is compacted in the first years of application. The degree of compaction is directly related to soil type and its state of degradation. The state of soil compaction diminishes over time, tending toward a specific type of soil density. Soil moisture was higher in NT and MT at the time of sowing and in the early stages of vegetation, then the differences diminishes over time. Moisture determinations show significant differences, statistically insured. MT and NT systems reduce the thermal amplitude in the first 15 cm of soil and increase soil temperature by 0.5-2.2 0 C.Water dynamics and soil temperature showed no differences that could affect crop yields. Productions obtained at MT and NT don't have significant differences at wheat and are higher at soybean. The differences in crop yields are recorded at maize and can be a direct consequence of loosening, mineralization and intensive mobilization of soil fertility.
2009
Optimal crop rooting soil physical conditions are a result of complex interactions between soil strength and oxygen and water supply to plant roots. Spatial/temporal variability in soil properties can be critical in the evaluation of the effects of tillage management practice on soil and crop parameters. In this paper tillage were evaluated for theirs effects on soil structure. Tillage treatments were plough to 20 cm, plough to 30 cm, chisel and disc harrow applied to wheat in to been/ wheat/ maize rotation. The experiments have been conducted in the Didactic Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine – Iasi, Ezăreni Farm, during the period between 2002-2006, on a cambic chernozem with 3,4 % humus and pH 7. Tillage system modify, at least temporarily, some of the structure properties of soil, such structural stability, distribution of aggregates, qualitative indices and mean diameter. All the tillage operation was significantly different in their effe...
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOIL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The field trial was carried out over the period 2004-2006 at the experimental farm PD Kalná nad Hronom in south-western Slovakia. The aim of the research was to evaluate the conventional and reduced tillage. Three tillage practices on selected physical soil characteristics were evaluated. The sugar beet-spring barley-sunflower crop sequence was evaluated. The soil tillage treatments as follows: T1 conventional mould board ploughing with farm yard manure application to sugar beet and incorporation of post harvest residues of spring barley and sunflower; T2 conventional mould board ploughing; T3 no-till Horsch CONCORD CO 9. During June the soil samples were taken from 0.05-0.10m, 0.1-0.20m, 0.2-0.3m. The total porosity, soil bulk density and soil moisture was evaluated. The differences between soil layer and crops growing in different years were ascertained. The SBD and total porosity was highly significantly influenced by weather condition and growing crops of evaluated years and SBD...
The experiment was conducted at the Didactic Station of the "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Ezareni Farm, during farming years 2007-2009. The experimental site is located in the East part of Romania on a chambic chernozem, with a clay-loamy texture, 6.8 pH units, 3.7 % humus content and a medium level of fertilization. The soil has high clay content (38-43%) and is difficult to till when soil moisture is close to the wilting point (12.2%). We have investigated three variants of soil tillage system – conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-till – in the crop rotation made of wheat and raps. This paper presents the results obtained in winter rape growing as concerns the influence of the tillage method on some soil physical characteristics and yield. Research carried out aimed at developing fundamental knowledge through in-depth inquiries of soil quality indicators of Moldavian Plain, regarding integrated mana...
Comparison of Soil Compaction Under Conventional Agriculture and Conservation Agriculture Practices
2014
Background This study took place at the National Institute for Field Crops in Tunisia, under the Project:" to Support Development of Conservation Agriculture" (a project funded by the French Agency for Development). In this study we tried to assess soil compaction under No-Till system. Two stations were selected to conduct this study, the first belongs to the INGC and it is at Bousalem, the second (a farmer site) in Krib. In these two stations eleven different fields conducted under different No-Ttill rotations and four fields under conventional system have been chosen to be subject of our experiments. Measurements of soil profiles have been taken. Results The results showed that there is no soil compaction at No-Till fields in all soil layers except where there has not been a soil decompaction before conversion to No-Ttill system. A soil compaction is widespread in the depths of 20 cm in soils conducted under conventional tillage due to the presence of a hardpan. Applications and Implications for Conservation Agriculture No tillage system does no induce soil compaction. Fields conducted under no tillage don't have compaction in all depths regardless of years under no tillage practice except fields where no decompacting achieved before converting to no tillage. Soil compaction is widespread in soils conducted under conventional tillage at horizons located at 20 cm deep. It is imperative to go through a diagnosis of the soil structural before the transition to no tillage. Experimental Approach The field work was conducted at two sites; the first belongs to the INGC, where we 8 fields, 2 under conventional tillage and 6 under no-tillage were chosen to establish assessments. For the second station, located in the Krib region, 7 fields were chosen, 2 under conventional tillage and 5 under notillage. Table1: Characterization of fields under conventional tillage. Field site Crop Rotation Prvious Crop water regime SCa Kodiat Cereal/legumes Small Faba bean irrigated SCb Kodiat Cereal/legumes Small Faba bean irrigated SC cBD SC cFev Krib Krib Cereal/legumes Cereal/legumes Small Faba bean Durum Wheat rainfed rainfed Table 2: Characterization of fields under no tillage. Field site Crop Rotation Years Under No-Tillage Previous Crop water regime SD 1BD Kodiat Cereal/legumes 1 chickpea irrigated SD 1Fen Kodiat Cereal/legumes 1 Durum Wheat irrigated SD 2Fen Kodiat Cereal/legumes 2 Durum Wheat irrigated SD 2Avo Kodiat Cereal/legumes 2 Small Faba bean irrigated SD6 Kodiat Cereal/legumes 6 Small Faba bean irrigated SD8 Kodiat Cereal/legumes 8 sorghum irrigated SD4 Krib Cereal/legumes 4 Small Faba bean rainfed SD7 Krib Cereal/legumes 7 Durum wheat rainfed SD 10BD Krib Cereal/legumes 10 Small Faba bean rainfed SD 10Fev Krib Cereal/legumes 10 Durum Wheat rainfed SD11 Krib Cereal/legumes 11 Small Faba bean rainfed Assessments were about measurements of soil profiles.
Deep, Shallow and No-Tillage Effects on Soil Compaction Parameters
2014
As one of the key physical-mechanical properties of soil, soil compaction is used to assess resistance of the soil to penetration of a solid body. Soil compaction also determines the actual service life of the tillage machine working parts, quality of technological processes, energy consumption and other parameters. It also affects seed incorporation and germination, crop growth and the yield. Technological processes of soil loosening or compaction depend on the intensity of application of tillage machines, working depth and soil properties. This paper aims at determining the effects of deep, shallow and no-tillage technologies on soil compaction parameters of different soil layers. Experimental studies on five different tillage technologies (deep ploughing, shallow ploughing, deep cultivation, shallow cultivation and no-tillage) have been conducted on medium heavy soils at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University. The studies have shown that in case of prolong...
2013
Soil tillage systems can be able to influence soil compaction, water dynamics, soil temperature and yield crop. These processes can be expressed as changes of soil microbiological activity, soil respiration and sustainability of agriculture. This work had as objectives: to assess the effects of tillage systems on compaction, temperature, soil moisture and soil respiration as well as establishing the effect of the changes on the production of wheat, maize and soybeans. The study was conducted on an argic-stagnic Faeoziom. Minimum Tillage (MT) and No-Tillage (NT) application reduce or completely eliminate the soil mobilization, due to this, soil is compacted in the first years of application. The degree of compaction is directly related to soil type and its state of degradation. The state of soil compaction diminishes over time, tending toward a specific type of soil density. Soil moisture was higher in NT and MT at the time of sowing and in the early stages of vegetation, then the di...
Soil Tillage in Relation to Soil Properties and Yields of Crops
Agriculture, 2010
The aim of this work was to show and quantify the effect of different soil tillage on physical soil properties and yields of field crops arranged into stabile crop rotation. Treatments were carried out between 2006 and 2009 in Milhostov, where heavy Gleyic Fluvisol (FM G) is localized. Three soil tillage technologies were examined (cT – con-ventional tillage, MT – minimum tillage, nT – no-tillage). Field plants were arranged into crop rotation as follows: spring barley – soybean – winter wheat – grain maize. Soil samples were taken in spring. Bulk density, total porosity, maximum capillary capacity and available water capacity were deter-mined. Obtained data were tested by statistical methods. On Gleyic Flusisol of the east Slovak Lowland at no-till system were ascertained higher bulk density and lower total porosity in comparison with conventional tillage and minimum tillage as well. Maximum capillary capacity and available water capacity were relatively equal and ascertained value...
The effect of different soil tillage on yield of maize and the impact on soil environment
Maize (as a grain and silage) is more and more important crop in the Czech Republic. It is caused by demand of market and developing of biogas stations. The total area is due to increased, but maize is often grown in area with less suitable soil condition. The problems with water erosion are primarily in sloping terrains. The aim of the work was to compare the effect of different soil tillage on yield of maize and to assess impacts on soil environment. In South Moravian region three soil tillage systems were compared (conventional, minimum and no-tillage). Comparable yield level was found out in variant with conventional and minimum tillage. Lower yield was in variant with no tillage. From the soil parameters, bulk density, soil moisture, porosity and minimum air capacity were evaluated. The results showed positive impact of soil tillage systems with less intensity on improving of the main soil properties.
TILLAGE PRACTICES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOIL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SOUTH-WEST OF SLOVAKIA
The field experiments was carried out over the period of 2004 -2007 at the experimental farm Kalná nad Hronom in south-western Slovakia. The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of conventional and reduced tillage and management of organic matter on the soil physical characteristics. The sugar beet -spring barley – sunflower -winter wheat crop sequence was evaluated. The soil tillage treatments as follows: T1 -conventional mould board ploughing with farm yard manure application to sugar beet and incorporation of post harvested residues of spring barley and sunflower; T2 -convnentional mould board ploughing; T3 -no-till Horsch CONCORD CO 9. During June soil samples were taken from 0.05 -0.10 m, 0.10 -0.20 m, 0.20 -0.30 m. Total porosity, soil bulk density and soil moisture was evaluated. The differences between soil layer and crops growing in different years were ascertained. Evaluated tillage treatments have no statistical influence on total porosity and soil bulk densi...