Comparison of Soil Compaction Under Conventional Agriculture and Conservation Agriculture Practices (original) (raw)
Related papers
2011
No-Tillage (NT) and Minimum Tillage (MT) have, in recent years, become tillage systems for soil conservation, popular in Romania. Their insertion in agricultural practice reduces soil degradation phenomena, avoids the implementation of an intensive management and reduces production costs. This work had as objectives: to assess the effects of tillage systems on compaction, temperature and soil moisture, as well as establishing the effect of the changes on the production of wheat, maize and soybeans. The study was conducted on an argic-stagnic Faeoziom. MT and NT application reduce or completely eliminate the soil mobilization, due to this, soil is compacted in the first years of application. The degree of compaction is directly related to soil type and its state of degradation. The state of soil compaction diminishes over time, tending toward a specific type of soil density. Soil moisture was higher in NT and MT at the time of sowing and in the early stages of vegetation, then the differences diminishes over time. Moisture determinations show significant differences, statistically insured. MT and NT systems reduce the thermal amplitude in the first 15 cm of soil and increase soil temperature by 0.5-2.2 0 C.Water dynamics and soil temperature showed no differences that could affect crop yields. Productions obtained at MT and NT don't have significant differences at wheat and are higher at soybean. The differences in crop yields are recorded at maize and can be a direct consequence of loosening, mineralization and intensive mobilization of soil fertility.
The Influence of Tillage Systems on Soil Compaction in the Corn Crop
Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment
During the last decades, no-tillage has started to be used on more and more areas, being a conservative tillage system practiced in many farms in the country. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of the no-tillage system on the physical properties of the soil compared to the conventional system, in a plateau area with cambic chernozem soil under the current climatic conditions in the north-east of Romania, in order to implement it in agricultural practice of the studied area. The soil samples were taken in natural and undisturbed conditions for bulk density and moisture content, soil penetration resistance was determined using the Eijkelkamp penetrologger. The status of soil compaction, the various porosity categories, and the soil moisture content were all determined based on field and laboratory analysis. Measurements performed at a depth of 0-40 cm showed a lower bulk density in the conventional system, and in terms of variation in values from sowing to harvesting, t...
2013
Soil tillage systems can be able to influence soil compaction, water dynamics, soil temperature and yield crop. These processes can be expressed as changes of soil microbiological activity, soil respiration and sustainability of agriculture. This work had as objectives: to assess the effects of tillage systems on compaction, temperature, soil moisture and soil respiration as well as establishing the effect of the changes on the production of wheat, maize and soybeans. The study was conducted on an argic-stagnic Faeoziom. Minimum Tillage (MT) and No-Tillage (NT) application reduce or completely eliminate the soil mobilization, due to this, soil is compacted in the first years of application. The degree of compaction is directly related to soil type and its state of degradation. The state of soil compaction diminishes over time, tending toward a specific type of soil density. Soil moisture was higher in NT and MT at the time of sowing and in the early stages of vegetation, then the di...
Regional Assessment of Soil Compaction and Structural Properties under No-tillage Farming
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2007
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Changes in some soil properties in a Vertic Argiudoll under short-term conservation tillage
Soil and Tillage Research, 2001
The purpose of this work was to determine whether some soil physical and chemical properties, and microbial activity were affected by two conservation tillage systems in a Chernozemic clay loam soil (Vertic Argiudoll), after 5 years of trial initiation. Two crop sequences, corn (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and wheat/ soybean, under chisel plowing (ChP) and no till (NT) were evaluated. Physical and chemical properties were also analyzed taking the same soil without disturbance as reference. The Hénin instability index (HI) was larger in ChP than in NT in both corn-wheat/soybean (C-W/S) and wheat/soybean (W/S) sequences ðP 0:05Þ. The C-W/S sequence differed from W/S ðP 0:01Þ in total organic carbon (TOC). As regards organic carbon fractions, no differences were found in labile organic carbon (LOC), while W/S under ChP showed the lowest value ðP 0:01Þ of humified organic carbon (HOC). No differences were found in microbial respiration either in crop sequences or in tillage systems. Soil physical and chemical properties differentiated crop sequences and tillage treatments from the undisturbed soil when a Student's t-test was performed. Five years elapsed since the beginning of this trial was time enough to detect changes in some of the soil properties as a consequence of management practices. An important reduction in the soil structural stability was observed as related to the undisturbed soil. However, the C-W/S sequence under NT resulted in lower soil degradation with respect to the other treatments.
Soil tillage systems can be able to influence soil compaction, water dynamics, soil temperature and yield crop. These processes can be expressed as changes of soil microbiological activity, soil respiration and sustainability of agriculture. This work had as objectives: to assess the effects of tillage systems on compaction, temperature, soil moisture and soil respiration as well as establishing the effect of the changes on the production of wheat, maize and soybeans. The study was conducted on an argic-stagnic Faeoziom. Minimum Tillage (MT) and No-Tillage (NT) application reduce or completely eliminate the soil mobilization, due to this, soil is compacted in the first years of application. The degree of compaction is directly related to soil type and its state of degradation. The state of soil compaction diminishes over time, tending toward a specific type of soil density. Soil moisture was higher in NT and MT at the time of sowing and in the early stages of vegetation, then the differences diminishes over time. Moisture determinations show significant differences, statistically insured. MT and NT systems reduce the thermal amplitude in the first 15 cm of soil and increase soil temperature by 0.5-2.2 0 C.Water dynamics and soil temperature showed no differences that could affect crop yields. The determinations confirm the effect of soil tillage system on soil respiration; the daily average is lower at NT (315-1914 mmoli m -2 s -1 ), followed by MT (318-2395 mmoli m -2 s -1 ) and is higher in the Conventional System (CS; 321-2480 mmol m -2 s -1 ). Productions obtained at MT and NT don't have significant differences at wheat and are higher at soybean. The differences in crop yields are recorded at maize and can be a direct consequence of loosening, mineralization and intensive mobilization of soil fertility.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOIL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The field trial was carried out over the period 2004-2006 at the experimental farm PD Kalná nad Hronom in south-western Slovakia. The aim of the research was to evaluate the conventional and reduced tillage. Three tillage practices on selected physical soil characteristics were evaluated. The sugar beet-spring barley-sunflower crop sequence was evaluated. The soil tillage treatments as follows: T1 conventional mould board ploughing with farm yard manure application to sugar beet and incorporation of post harvest residues of spring barley and sunflower; T2 conventional mould board ploughing; T3 no-till Horsch CONCORD CO 9. During June the soil samples were taken from 0.05-0.10m, 0.1-0.20m, 0.2-0.3m. The total porosity, soil bulk density and soil moisture was evaluated. The differences between soil layer and crops growing in different years were ascertained. The SBD and total porosity was highly significantly influenced by weather condition and growing crops of evaluated years and SBD...
Soil physical state as influenced by long-term reduced tillage, no-tillage and straw management
Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2020
Since 1999, a long-term field experiment has been done at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture (currently-Vytautas Magnus University). The current research was conducted in 2013-2015. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of long-term tillage systems and straw management on soil penetration resistance, shear strength and soil aggregate stability. The soil of the experimental site was Epieutric Endocalcaric Endogleyic Planosol. A short crop rotation was introduced: winter wheat → spring barley → spring oilseed rape. According to two factor field experiment, the straw was removed from one part of the experimental field, and on the other part of the field the straw was chopped and spread at harvesting (factor A). Six tillage systems: conventional (deep) and shallow ploughing, shallow loosening, shallow rotovating, catch cropping and rotovating, and no-tillage, were used as a subplot (factor B). During a 16-year (1999-2015) period, long-term application of reduced tillage resulted in a significant increase in soil penetration resistance and shear strength. The results of current study show that the lesser the tillage depth, the higher the soil penetration resistance and shear strength. The effect of straw residue spreading was lower comparing with treatment without straw. Soil aggregate stability was highly dependent on tillage. Shallow rotovating before sowing increased soil aggregate stability by up to 1.8 times, incorporation of plant residues of white mustard into the soil by a rotovator before sowing increased it by up to 2.0 times and no-tillage by up to 1.9 times, compared with conventional ploughing.
Soil Tillage in Relation to Soil Properties and Yields of Crops
Agriculture, 2010
The aim of this work was to show and quantify the effect of different soil tillage on physical soil properties and yields of field crops arranged into stabile crop rotation. Treatments were carried out between 2006 and 2009 in Milhostov, where heavy Gleyic Fluvisol (FM G) is localized. Three soil tillage technologies were examined (cT – con-ventional tillage, MT – minimum tillage, nT – no-tillage). Field plants were arranged into crop rotation as follows: spring barley – soybean – winter wheat – grain maize. Soil samples were taken in spring. Bulk density, total porosity, maximum capillary capacity and available water capacity were deter-mined. Obtained data were tested by statistical methods. On Gleyic Flusisol of the east Slovak Lowland at no-till system were ascertained higher bulk density and lower total porosity in comparison with conventional tillage and minimum tillage as well. Maximum capillary capacity and available water capacity were relatively equal and ascertained value...