Study of timing performance of silicon photomultiplier and application for a Cherenkov detector (original) (raw)
Related papers
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2019
Due to their very fast signal rise time in the order of 1 ns, Silicon-Photomultipliers have become of increasing interest for many experiments that require very good timing resolution. With the prospect of an application in medical imaging techniques like a Compton Camera or TOF-PET, a coincident detection of Cherenkov photons from electrons in the MeV range in PMMA has been performed. A 4×4 SiPM-array was used for this purpose and a timing resolution of 242 ps has been achieved. A spatial sensitivity for an electron source location could be shown using accumulated coincident light signals. Obtained results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations taking fundamental detector and setup properties into account. These measurements constitute an important step towards the feasibility of a successful electron detection in a Compton Camera.
Tests of timing properties of silicon photomultipliers
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2010
Timing measurements of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) at the picosecond level were performed at Fermilab. The core timing resolution of the electronic measurement technique is approximately 2 picoseconds. The single photoelectron time resolution (SPTR) was measured for the signals coming from the SiPM's. A SPTR of about one hundred picoseconds was obtained for SiPM's illuminated by laser pulses. The dependence of the SPTR on applied bias voltage and on the wavelength of the light was measured. A simple model is proposed to explain the difference in the SPTR for blue and red light. A time of flight system based on the SiPM's, with quartz Cherenkov radiators, was tested in a proton beam at Fermilab. The time resolution obtained is 35 picoseconds per SiPM. Finally, requirements for the SiPM's temperature and bias voltage stability to maintain the time resolution are discussed.
Cherenkov luminescence measurements with digital silicon photomultipliers: a feasibility study
EJNMMI physics, 2015
A feasibility study was done to assess the capability of digital silicon photomultipliers to measure the Cherenkov luminescence emitted by a β source. Cherenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is possible with a charge coupled device (CCD) based technology, but a stand-alone technique for quantitative activity measurements based on Cherenkov luminescence has not yet been developed. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are photon counting devices with a fast impulse response and can potentially be used to quantify β-emitting radiotracer distributions by CLI. In this study, a Philips digital photon counting (PDPC) silicon photomultiplier detector was evaluated for measuring Cherenkov luminescence. The PDPC detector is a matrix of avalanche photodiodes, which were read one at a time in a dark count map (DCM) measurement mode (much like a CCD). This reduces the device active area but allows the information from a single avalanche photodiode to be preserved, which is not possible with analog SiPM...
Timing by silicon photomultiplier: A possible application for TOF measurements
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2006
The Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) is intrinsically a very fast device, its single photoelectron timing resolution is about 100 ps FWHM. Therefore real timing properties of the system scintillator+SiPM is determined mostly by timing properties of the scintillator+light collection system. We present the experimental results for timing properies of SiPM+scintillator (or Cherenkov radiator) for two cases:
Silicon photomultiplier timing performance study
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2011
Many characteristics of Silicon Photomultipliers can be tuned with temperature and operation voltage. We present preliminary results of a study of the effect of these two operation parameters on the time resolution of large active area Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) manufactured by Hamamatsu. Measurements at −10 • C, 0 • C, and 10 • C at different bias voltages were performed. The time resolution is best at low temperature and high over-voltage. Most significant improvements can be achieved in cases with low number of fired pixels (<10 pixels). Between the worst and best case among the considered conditions a factor of 5 improvement was observed. In cases with large number of fired pixels (>40 pixels) the effect of temperature and operation voltage becomes smaller. The timing performance still improves with decreasing temperature (≈ factor of 2) but it hardly depends on the operation voltage. The study shows, that especially in applications where only few photons are available for detection a careful optimization of temperature and operation voltage are advisable to obtain optimum timing results with the MPPC.
2011
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are semiconductor photo-sensitive devices built from a matrix of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) on a common silicon substrate, working in the limited Geiger mode and with a common readout. The fast counting ability, high timing resolution, immunity to magnetic field up to 15 T, low power consumption and relative small temperature dependence together with the small dimensions make SiPMs excellent candidates as commercially available solid state detectors, and a promising alternative to traditional photomultiplier tubes for single photon detection. Nevertheless, SiPMs do suffer from erroneous counting due to noise effects that can deteriorate their performance. These effects are, in general, heavily dependent on manufacturing quality. In this contribution, results are reported from the characterization of different models of SiPMs in terms of noise spectra and response to light, and a procedure for determining the quality of manufacturing is de...
Silicon photomultiplier and its possible applications
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003
The Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) is a semiconductor device consisting of many photon microcounters (10 3 mm À2 ) positioned on a common Si substrate. SiPM operates in a limited Geiger mode and has single photoelectron gain (10 6 ) and photon detection efficiency (20%) similar to vacuum PMT. Main SiPM features are described and a number of examples of its possible applications are demonstrated, such as scintillator fiber readout, scintillator tiles+WLS readout, imaging Cherenkov counter timing. These SiPM applications are based on experimental test data and SiPM performance is compared with other photodetectors (PMT, APD, HPD, VLPC). r
Performance of photosensors in a high-rate environment for gas Cherenkov detectors
Journal of Instrumentation, 2022
The solenoidal large intensity device (SoLID) at Jefferson Lab will push the boundaries of luminosity for a large-acceptance detector, which necessitates the use of a light-gas threshold Cherenkov counter for online event selection. Due to the high luminosity, the single-photon background rate in this counter can exceed 160 kHz/cm 2 at the photosensors. Therefore, it is essential to validate the high-rate limits of the planned photosensors and readout electronics in order to mitigate the risk of failure. We report on the design and an early set of studies carried out using a small telescopic Cherenkov device in a high-rate environment up to 60 kHz/cm 2 , in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. Commercially available multi-anode photomultipliers (MaPMT) and low-cost large-area picosecond photodetectors (LAPPD) were tested using the JLab FADC250 modules for readout. The test beam results show that the MaPMT array and the internal stripline LAPPD can detect and identify single-electron and pair-production events in high-rate environments. Due to its higher quantum efficiency, the MaPMT array provided a better separation between the singleelectron and the pair-production events compared to the internal stripline LAPPD. A GEANT4 simulation confirms the experimental performance of our telescopic device.