Biocompatibility and biomineralization assessment of bioceramic-, epoxy-, and calcium hydroxide-based sealers (original) (raw)
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Biological investigation of resinous endodontic sealers containing calcium hydroxide
PLOS ONE, 2023
The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vivo, the biocompatibility, biomineralization, collagen maturation and the in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxicity of resinous endodontic sealers containing calcium hydroxide. Forty rats were implanted with polyethylene tubes containing Sealer 26, Sealer Plus, Dia-ProSeal and an empty tube, examined after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis by Agar Diffusion Test (ADT) through inhibition zones. For cytotoxicity, undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21) were cultured and assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, exposed to dilution of serial extracts at 6, 24, 48h. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn test was performed for nonparametric data (p<0.05). MTT assay revealed cell proliferation affected by sealers extract in all periods (p<0.0001), except for Dia-Proseal and Sealer Plus ⅛ dilution. Subcutaneous analysis showed at day 7 th moderate inflammatory infiltration. After 30 days, Sealer 26 still showed moderate inflammatory infiltrate compared to mild inflammation from control and Dia-ProSeal (p = 0.006). At day 60 th , all groups showed similar mild inflammatory infiltrate (p>0.05). Sealer 26 induced more biomineralization than other sealers in all periods. At 7 and 15 days, all sealers had significant percentage of immature collagen fibers. After 60 days Sealer 26 showed more mature fibers compared to other sealers (p<0.001). All sealers had a smaller zone of inhibition than chlorhexidine, but with no significant difference among any group (p>0.05). All sealers showed satisfactory biological responses with in vitro/in vivo biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity against planktonic bacteria. Sealer 26 induced more biomineralization than Sealer Plus and Dia-ProSeal.
Journal of Dental Health and Oral Research, 2022
Bioceramic sealants are considered an advantageous technology in modern endodontics. The aim of this article is to highlight the characteristics of bioceramic sealants and to compare them with other root system sealing materials. An extensive search of the endodontic literature was conducted to identify publications related to bioceramic sealants. The results of laboratory and clinical studies on the biological and physical properties of bioceramic-based sealants, as well as comparative studies with other sealants, were evaluated. Several studies evaluated different properties of bioceramic-based sealants, including physical properties, biocompatibility, sealability, adhesion, solubility and antibacterial efficacy. Bioceramic-based sealants were found to be biocompatible and comparable to other commercial sealants. Clinical outcomes associated with the use of bioceramic-based root canal sealants are not established in the literature. In modern dentistry, the endodontic field is improving with new materials and methods. In 2007, the American Endodontic Association adopted the term regenerative endodontics [1]. It promotes the idea of bioactive materials, these are materials that are durable in contact with tissues and have the ability to produce changes at the interface with them, producing their regeneration. In other words, the focus has been on materials that promote tissue regeneration rather than tissue healing [2].
In Vivo Biocompatibility of Four Endodontic Sealers: A Comparative Study
Madridge Journal of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, 2016
The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of two new calcium phosphate-based root canal sealers (CPC-I, CPC-II) with a commercially available zinc oxide eugenol based-sealer [Pulp canal sealer EWT (PCS EWT)] and Sealapex after implantation in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Sterile polyethylene tubes were filled with the test materials. The tubes were implanted in the dorsum of male rats and after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks, the animals were killed, obtaining 5 specimens for each sealer. Empty tubes were used as negative control. Presence of inflammation, predominant cell types, and thickness of fibrous connective tissue adjacent to each inserted sample were recorded. At week 1, all sealers caused similar inflammatory reactions in the connective tissue of the animals, with most specimens presenting a moderate to intense chronic inflammatory reaction. After 2 weeks, CPC-II and (PCS EWT) showed a severe inflammatory reaction with presence of acute inflammatory cells, while CPC-I and Sealapex induced mild and moderate inflammatory reactions respectively. After 4 weeks, connective tissue in contact with CPC-I and Sealapex was more organized, while the tissue close to CPC-II and (PCS EWT) showed a moderate inflammatory reaction and had similar results to each other. After 8 weeks, mild inflammatory reactions were observed for CPC-I, (PCS EWT), and Seal apex. CPC-I induced the lowest inflammatory response at all evaluation periods, only CPC-II did not show a decrease in the inflammatory reaction over time. CPC-I sealer can be assigned a favorable biocompatibility level based on the study's histological findings.
Bioactivity Potential of Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Scoping Review
Life
Introduction: Bioceramic-based root canal sealers are novel materials with a bioactivity potential that stands out compared with conventional root canal sealers. However, the term bioactivity may be overused and is often misunderstood. Hence, the objective of this study was to synthesize and map key concepts related to the bioactivity analysis of bioceramic-based root canal sealers. Methods: The present scoping review is reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Statement and is registered in the Open Science Framework. Two blinded reviewers carried out a comprehensive search in six databases up to January 10th, 2022: MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs/BBO. Eligibility was considered for in vitro and in vivo studies that evaluated the bioactivity potential of bioceramic-based root canal sealers. Results: A total of 53 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. In vitro bioactivity was evaluated through the mineralization potential, format...
2020
BACKGROUND: Recently, new calcium silicate bioceramic sealers were introduced to the market. The selection of root canal sealers should not only be based on the different physical parameters but also on local biocompatibility and tissue tolerance. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the in-vivo biocompatibility of a BioRoot RCS in parallel to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus sealers. METHODS: Polyethylene tubes containing the freshly mixed test materials were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 32 Wistar rats. Empty tubes served as negative controls. After 7, 14, 30, and 60 days, the animals were sacrificed, and the implants with surrounding tissues were processed for routine histological analysis. Histological sections were analyzed under light microscopy. The tissue response was determined by the inflammatory cell infiltration intensity and the fibrous capsule thickness. RESULTS: Results revealed a statistically significant decrease of the inflammation intensity by time within each group for all tested sealers and control. A well-defined thin capsule was observed for all tested sealers at 60 days. CONCLUSION: BioRoot RCS exhibited rapid recovery of inflammation similar to controls. Thus, within the limitations of this study, it can be considered a biocompatible sealer with acceptable tissue tolerance.
Biocompatibility and bioactive potential of the NeoMTA Plus endodontic bioceramic-based sealer
2021
Objectives This study evaluated the biocompatibility and bioactive potential of NeoMTA Plus mixed as a root canal sealer in comparison with MTA Fillapex. Materials and Methods Polyethylene tubes filled with NeoMTA Plus (n = 20), MTA Fillapex (n = 20), or nothing (control group, CG; n = 20) were inserted into the connective tissue in the dorsal subcutaneous layer of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the specimens were processed for paraffin embedding. The capsule thickness, collagen content, and number of inflammatory cells (ICs) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) immunolabeled cells were measured. von Kossa-positive structures were evaluated and unstained sections were analyzed under polarized light. Two-way analysis of variance was performed, followed by the post hoc Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). Results At 7 days, the capsules around NeoMTA Plus and MTA Fillapex had more ICs and IL-6-immunostained cells than the CG. However, at 60 days, there was no significant difference in the IC number between...
Tissue Reactions to a New Mineral Trioxide Aggregate–containing Endodontic Sealer
Journal of Endodontics, 2013
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze the connective tissue reactions to MTA Fillapex (Ângelus Ind ustria de Produtos Odontl ogicos Ltda, Londrina, Brazil) compared with a zinc oxide-based sealer (EndoFill; Dentsply Ind ustria e Com erico Ltda, Petr opolis, Brazil) and an epoxy resin-based material (AH Plus; Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) in Wistar rats. Methods: Polyethylene tubes containing the test materials and empty polyethylene tubes (control) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 12 rats. Empty tubes were used as a negative control. After 7 and 60 days (n = 6 per period), observations were made for cellular inflammatory components, fibrous condensation, and abscess formation. Comparisons among the groups and between the experimental periods were made using 2-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test (P < .05). Results: At the end of the 7-day experimental period, all sealers scored higher than the control group for the variable lymphocytes, and MTA Fillapex presented lower fiber condensation compared with empty tubes. After 60 days, macrophages and lymphocytes scored significantly higher for MTA Fillapex and EndoFill compared with the negative control, and AH Plus showed similar results related to the empty tubes. Comparing the materials' responses at the end of the 2 evaluated periods, for EndoFill samples the variable neutrophils was detected less after 60 days. Both EndoFill and MTA Fillapex presented increased fiber condensation after 60 days. Conclusions: Although none of the sealers promoted ideal tissue responses, AH Plus presented the best outcomes. Although MTA Fillapex contains MTA powder, it presented no biocompatibility advantages when compared with AH Plus and EndoFill. (J Endod 2013;39:653-657)
Physical Properties and Biofunctionalities of Bioactive Root Canal Sealers In Vitro
Nanomaterials, 2020
Calcium silicate-based bioactive glass has received significant attention for use in various biomedical applications due to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. However, the bioactivity of calcium silicate nanoparticle-incorporated bioactive dental sealer is not much explored. Herein, three commercially available bioactive root canal sealers (Endoseal MTA (EDS), Well-Root ST (WST), and Nishika Canal Sealer BG (NBG)) were compared with a resin-based control sealer (AH Plus (AHP)) in terms of physical, chemical, and biological properties. EDS and NBG showed 200 to 400 nm and 100 to 200 nm nanoparticle incorporation in the SEM image, respectively, and WST and NBG showed mineral deposition in Hank’s balanced salt solution after 28 days. The flowability and film thickness of all products met the ISO 3107 standard. Water contact angle, linear dimensional changes, and calcium and silicate ion release were significantly different among groups. All bioactive root canal sealers rel...
Comparative Cytocompatibility and Mineralization Potential of Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer
Materials, 2019
The aim of this study was to investigate the cytocompatibility and mineralization potential of two premixed hydraulic endodontic sealers compared with an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer. The cellular responses and mineralization capacity were studied in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) that were exposed to premixed hydraulic sealers, Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrína, PR, Brazil), TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, La-Chaux-de-fonds, Switzerland) and an epoxy resin-based material, AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). Non-exposed cultures served as the control. The endodontic sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Statistical analyses were done using Analisis of Variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni adjusted pairwise comparison (p = 0.05). AH Plus reduced cell viability and cell migration, whereas increased cell viability and cell migration were observed in the Bio-C Sealer and the Tota...
Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization, 2011
Amongst the characteristics of the sealers used in obturation portrayed by Grossman, [7] the most important is that it should be biocompatible i.e. non-irritating to periapical tissue. Although, endodontic sealers are designed to be used only within the root canal, they are frequently extruded through the apical constriction [8] and often placed in intimate contact with periapical tissues for extended periods of time. (Thus, their biological compatibility is of special importance in clinical practice.) It is generally accepted that the biocompatibility of endodontic sealers is critical to the clinical success of endodontic therapy. [9] The large variation in the toxicological and tissue-irritating properties of the materials studied by Brown and Friend, 1968; Spangberg, 1981, [10] seems to be not related with whether the tissue is irritated when it comes in contact with the sealer, but rather related with what degree and how long it is irritated