On the Development of Turkestan's National Wealth During the Colonial Period of Code Russia (original) (raw)
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Svetlana Gorshenina, Philippe Bornet, Claude Rapin et Michel Fuchs (éd.), “Masters” and “Natives”: Digging the Others’ Past, Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, Serie: Welten Süd- und Zentralasiens / Worlds of South and Inner Asia / Mondes de l’Asie du Sud et de l’Asie Centrale, 2019, p. 31-86
Working in a context suffused with distrust towards local populations, inherited from precolonial times, the first European or Russian scholars, explorers, and artists who were interested in the ancient history of Central Asia did not carry out any archaeological study without the assistance of "natives". These were, however, criticized for their "ignorance", their "lack of taste for beautiful things", their "delusion" in relation with the historical data, or their "vandalism" towards vestiges. Despite this, they were the ones who lead the modern scholars to the sites or monuments, did the actual work on the excavations, and provided the collectors and the organizers of exhibitions with archaeological finds, while generally remaining unnamed. With time, the propagation in Turkestan of a "taste for History" developed the market of antiquities and produced indigenous "amateurs" in archaeology who appropriated an appreciation system of the vestiges that had been crafted in Europe. This turn is doubly interesting: on the one hand, it shows the ambiguity of the process of incorporating local epistemic expertise in the knowledge of "colonizers"; on the other hand, it underlines how local scholars appropriated Western approaches to patrimonialization while denigrating the attitude of their own Central-Asiatic milieu towards the past.
Cultural heritage of Central Asian Turks in written sources of the XIX century
BULLETIN OF THE KARAGANDA UNIVERSITY, 2020
This article analyzes the sources related to the cultural heritage of Central Asian Turks mainly from the 19th century. The main sources were collected and studied at the National Library of Uzbekistan, which is the most complete collection of materials on the cultural and historical heritage of Central Asian Turks. The most interesting information on the cultural heritage of Kazakhstan is available in the collection of documents and photographs like V.I. Mezhova’s «Collection of Turkestan», A.L. Kuhn’s «Album Turkestan» Archive Office of the Turkestan Governor-General; as well as a collection of «Turkestan region» of A.G. Serebrennikov. The collection of Turkestan is the written source of the cultural heritage of Central Asian Turks in the 19th century. Leafing through the pages of the collection the volume after volume, we can restore the entire life of the region in detail on the state of socio-economic development, the study of the productive forces, the rich resources to the study of the historical past, life, traditions, customs and character of the people who inhabited the region, the theatre of military events, conquests and liberation wars, as well as get acquainted with the research works.
Compte rendu: R. Denega, in Kul’turnye cennosti – Cultural Values: 2004-2006, Central Asia in Past and Present, Saint-Pétersbourg: Université de Saint-Pétersbourg, 2008, p. 247-248.
Russian Turkology and heritage
2017
The urgency of the problem under study is conditioned by the need to study the history of Turkology development in the modern world. This involves the considering of Russian and European orientalist achievements at the turn of the 19-th and 20-th centuries. The purpose of the article is to give an overview of the Turkic heritage by the Academician A.E. Krymsky and to assess his contribution to Russian and Ukrainian oriental studies. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the problem-thematic approach, as well as the comparative-historical principle. The main results of the study consist in the systematic description of his works on Turkic studies. The main attention is paid to various materials written by him during his work at the Lazarev Institute of oriental languages and at the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. The scientific directions of his Turkic studies were revealed. The materials of the article can be useful to study the history of world Turkology, for the teac...
Land Relations in Turkestan in Second Half of the XIX Century and the Early XX Century
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET) , 2020
The article describes the types of land ownership and features of property relations in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th-early 20th centuries, the change in the form of ownership and the policy of the Russian Empire in relation to land tenure in the country. Based on a number of historical sources, archival documents, reports, scientific literature and researches, the policy of the government of the Russian Empire in determining the ownership of land in its interest, the fact that a number of laws were developed that established its legal basis, documents confirming the ownership of land by the local population were studied by the revision commission, and the attitude of the administration of the empire to land ownership in the country is revealed.
The excavation of early layers of the ancient settlement Turkestan carried out by Turkestani archaeological expedition of A. Margulan Institute of archeology is aimed at research of the most ancient stages of city origin and in particular, identification and studying its ancient citadel. As now it is unequivocally stated the most ancient center of the city was located under Kultobe hill on the east suburb of the ancient settlement. The present article is devoted to the short characteristic of research results received within two seasons of researches on an ancient citadel of the settlement. It appeared that the most ancient architectural object of the citadel is crosswise construction. Three rooms behind the thick and big pakhs walls remained on height more than 3 m. They were cut through at the initial stage by narrow loopholes and connected with each other by arch doorways. In the second construction horizon to this crosswise «castle» the building consisting of long narrow rooms round an open small yard was attached. During this period on perimeter of a citadel powerful pakhs and raw fortifications raised and the space between them and the extended lock was just partially built up. These two periods according to available data can be dated to I–III A.D. This stage, apparently, comes to an end with defeat and fire. The «corner house» was burnt on the floors of which mass disorder of ceramic vessels and the remains of the charred roof are found out. During excavation works both complexes of mass household ceramics, and separate unique findings among which interesting alabaster idols (3 copies) were found in a fire layer. Architectural evolution of the most ancient stages of development of citadel building is traced, materials on further development of Ancient Turkestan during an era of the early Middle Ages are gathered.
Culture and Power in Colonial Turkestan
2010
This article seeks to define the ways in which Turkestan was colonial. It then locates the Jadids, modernist Muslim intellectuals of the early twentieth century, in this colonial context. Turkestani Jadidism arose in a colonial society, and was deeply marked by it. Finally, this article investigates the points of overlap and intersection between the cultural programme of the Jadids and the "civilising mission" the Russians professed to uphold. The key vector to be analysed here is that of exclusion -the colonial order was built on the exclusion of the native population of Turkestan from the imperial mainstream. The Jadids sought to overcome this exclusion; they sought not separation from, but inclusion into the imperial polity. In the colonial order, this desire for inclusion was highly subversive, and provoked a great deal of hostility on the part of imperial authorities.