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Why Society Needs Patriarchy: A Scientific and Social Justification
Social Sciences, 2021
This paper proposes the need for the patriarch social construct. The patriarch social construct has been historical and evolutionary. The paper emphasized the need to see through the scientific and social justifications of establishing the patriarchy rather than populism and trend of rejecting it. The paper discussed why patriarch social construct is needed and why failure to adopt such a social construct is harmful and detrimental to the individual, the family, the society and the wider demography. The paper has used extensive sociological and psychological research on gender studies. The obstacle to patriarchy has also been discussed and it has been shown that gender equality is logically and ontologically impossible to achieve. The paper also revealed the irrationality of the bias “affirmative action” policy and implied, why if we can adopt such policy towards matriarchy then why cannot we adopt the rational “affirmative action” policy towards patriarchy? The paper has reached the conclusion based on the sex and gender differences between man and woman. As the patriarch social construct is also an effective solution in avoiding deadlock and rivalry in a relationship and thus preserving long term familial and demographic stability, so future studies must be focused on how to achieve an equitable patriarchy.
Aalochna Drishti An International Peer Reviewed Refereed Research Journal of Humanities, 2022
This paper aims to review the existing condition on the effects of Patriarchy on gender especially on females to determine whether patriarchy has undermined the status, condition, and progress of women or has provided opportunities for reducing gender discrimination. Design/Methodology/Approach:-The authors reviewed the literature on the effects of feminism on patriarchy and gender disparity, focusing on the key difference between patriarchy and feminism which mainly treatment of women. In patriarchy, women face oppression and discrimination whereas, in feminism, women have equal rights to men. Patriarchy is a system of society or government in which men hold power and women are largely excluded from it. Findings :-The so-called patriarchy has generally created challenges for women's advancement and progress. Patriarchy; is a hypothetical social system in which the father or a male elder has absolute authority over the family group. For an instance, in a patriarchal society, men hold control and make all the rules whereas women stay home and care for the kids. An example of patriarchy is the family name comes from the man in the family. Moreover, feminism is defined as the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes. The aim of feminism is to challenge the systemic inequalities women face on a daily basis. Research Limitations/Implications:-Patriarchy and feminism both still exist in society as their own space. Despite the progress made by Indian feminist movements, women living in modern India, still face many issues of discrimination. There is no question that we still live in a patriarchal system, because not only is the gender inequity still so stark, despite laws to the contrary, but the dominance hierarchy aspect is near full effect. Originality/Value:-To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the scholarly review of the literature on the potential effects of patriarchy on gender disparity and feminism is the antidote to patriarchy.
Tracing the Patriarchal Centre and its Impact on Gender: A Perspective
The Text, 2023
The endeavour of the present paper is to trace the roots of what we know as patriarchy in common usage or utterance. Is patriarchy essentially a term associated with oppression/repression, especially of women? Is it some invisible codified, institutionalised, uniform, homogenous set of values/beliefs/concepts; propagated by the father of the family/household, who is supposedly the head of it? Is the notion of patriarchy same across culture, race, religion, region, caste, and ethnicity; or is it different in nature? Is the notion of 'patriarchy' same across time? In a country like India, which has always been a confluence of several caste, class, religion, and ethnicity; how can we arrive at a uniform, homogenous definition of patriarchy? When did 'patriarchy' come into being? Is the term 'patriarchy' synonymous/coterminous with masculinity, which implies having 'male' characteristics and biological attributes, or, are they different? Also, is there somewhere a commonality of nature in the males in general all over the world, as being 'repressors' of women? In other words, do all the males across the world share some kind of solidarity or 'kinship' with each other in terms of having the privileged access to the hierarchical power relations? If we apply terms like 'patriarchy' and 'masculinity' synonymously/interchangeably, then are not we making a slight mistake somewhere; because, in spite of both the words being connected to the 'males,' or, 'male-centrism' in general; 'patriarchy' etymologically denotes the rule of the father ('pita'/'patriarch') who is definitely a male, but, it is not that all the males are biological fathers. Then can we use the term patriarchy to designate all the males? Are the women in the society only victims of patriarchy, or, are the males/men equally burdened by it psychologically? If the women of the society bear the brunt of patriarchal oppression, then would the degree of that oppression be same in case of an upper class, educated, employed woman, and, a poor, uneducated Dalit, or, a Muslim woman? Also, is patriarchal oppression mostly psychological/mental, or, is it physical as well? Can we refer to the incidents of wife-beating (by the husbands), eve-teasing, sexual harassment (of the females) at workplaces, gruesome rape incidents, molestations all as instances of patriarchal oppression, or, as something more? Can we actually call a rapist, or, a molester a patriarch, or, a pervert, a maniac, a devil rather? How do we look at the several instances of married women filing false dowry cases, or, misusing section 498A IPC to file a false domestic violence case against the husband and the in-laws, or, filing a maintenance case against the husband to squeeze money for harassment? Has the term patriarchy somewhere become nonfunctional in recent times when it has to operate around such terms like liberalisation, globalization, women-empowerment, feminism, equal rights etc? Has patriarchy today become an extinct term, that is only being circulated and practised only to foster and sustain several counter-discourses; or, has it still got an existence, a body? Does biology/anatomy determine the fate of an individual, or, the social construction? Or, how much does biology, and, how much does society?
Patriarchy: A Critical Interpretation
2020
The paper is a theoretical inquiry of Patriarchy. It is purely based on secondary sources and critically analyzed the word Patriarchy in the Indian context. The meaning of the very word, its origin, and historical development is the focal objective of the paper, which relates to understand Patriarchy through different available approaches. The paper also deals with the question of Indian Brahminical Patriarchy and Lastly, initiates a discussion around the plurality of the concept and the role of universal sisterhood to deal with the same.
Patriarchal Structure (Denying the Role of Women as Futile and Abstract) Violence against Women
From the womb of her mother till the leaving coffin to graveyard runs the story of the women with innumerable miserable plights including her feticide while being baby girl detected very before her birth in the very womb of her mother .Her birth make the parents sad and sorrowful. in society she is looked down with contempt , while passing through streets she Mets the lustful glances of male folk always and times molested, tortured & even raped. The life of the women from all corners of the world including Middle-East India has now become the focus of the modern women writers as a theme of their works. It is because of women giving low status, her physically psychologically and sexually makes her reduce her mental capacity & put her in the mouth of stress , depression , anxiety, worried & even suicidal tendency.
Using Traditional Patriarchal Institutions to Address Women’s Problems
This title summarises an innovative project for gender and development research in one religious society. The approach that was employed combined participatory and ethnographic methods toward a merging of anthropological research with gender and development to prioritise the articulations and understandings of the local population concerning gender norms in their society. The approach was premised on the observation that gender relations are contextual and differ cross-culturally, and this diversity must be accounted for better in mainstream gender and development analytical and theoretical tools, which have been disproportionately influenced by western gender conditions and epistemologies. A second premise was that understanding gender relations and improving women's problems in traditional societies can only be achieved with the inclusion of men and the cooperation of religious/cultural leaders who influence local attitudes, and therefore this project engaged with both genders across sociocultural groups. The article was written for non-specialists and was published on the official website of the Tokyo Foundation in Japan which granted funds for the implementation of the project. The full article may be found at the link: http://www.tokyofoundation.org/sylff/16277
Women's Position in Patriarchal Kinship System
Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun
Spirit of gender equalities is currently stretching amid the strong patriarchal system in North Padang Lawas District North Sumatera. In terms of education, women get the same rights as men, even in some villages, more women go to school/college than men. There is a growing slogan that is "anak do boru, boru do anak" (boys and girls are the same). Women have the freedom to choose their own spouse and are not bound to the custom of "manyunduti". However, in the economic field, wives work in the fields and tore rubber to support the family's economy besides they have to do all the household works. Based on the gender perspective, this is a form of gender injustice, the namely double burden. Another form of inequality is in terms of inheritance, in which they get little part even in the form of giving (pangalehenan/ olongate). This is a form of marginalization experienced by women in North Padang Lawas District North Sumatera.