National Surveys and Tobacco Use Among African Americans: A Review of Critical Factors (original) (raw)
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Limited data on cigarette smoking among population subgroups hinder the development and implementation of intervention strategies for those subgroups. Because of small sample sizes or inadequate study formats, cigarette smoking among youths has been studied mostly among broad racial or ethnic categories (e.g., Asian, Hispanic) instead of subgroups (e.g., Vietnamese, Cuban). The objective of this study was to evaluate cigarette smoking among U.S. youths by racial and ethnic subgroups. The study used a nationally representative sample of youths aged 12 to 17 years who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 1999, 2000, or 2001. Outcomes measured include prevalence of cigarette smoking, mean age of smoking initiation, and susceptibility to start smoking. The prevalence of smoking among youths aged 12 to 17 years varied among racial and ethnic subgroups, ranging from 27.9% for American Indians and Alaska Natives to 5.2% for Japanese. Among youths aged 12 to 17 year...
Adult tobacco use among racial and ethnic groups living in the United States, 2002-2005
Preventing chronic disease, 2008
U.S. data on adult tobacco use and the relationship between such use and tobacco-related health disparities are primarily limited to broad racial or ethnic populations. To monitor progress in tobacco control among adults living in the United States, we present information on tobacco use for both aggregated and disaggregated racial and ethnic subgroups. We used data from the nationally representative sample of adults aged 18 years or older who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health conducted 4 times during 2002-2005. We calculated 2 outcome measures: 1) use of any tobacco product (cigarettes, chewing or snuff tobacco, cigars, or pipes) during the 30 days before each survey and 2) cigarette smoking during the 30 days before each survey. The prevalence of tobacco use among adults aged 18 years or older varied widely across racial or ethnic groups or subgroups. Overall, about 3 of 10 adults living in the United States were tobacco users during the 30 days before bein...
Tobacco Induced Diseases
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use remains a primary cause of health disparities between Black and White Americans. Current approaches have not improved tobaccorelated racial health disparities. This study aimed to identify differences in factors associated with tobacco product use among Black and White adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional design used data from Wave One (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Adolescents aged 12-17 years who identified as non-Hispanic Black or African American (n=1800) or non-Hispanic White (n=6495) were included. Primary outcomes were the ever use and current use of any tobacco products. Sociocultural, household environment, psychological, and behavioral factors were included. Logistic regressions, stratified by race, were used to determine significance. Dominance analysis was used to rank significant factors by their level of importance. RESULTS Although there were many Black-White commonalities, there were also important differences. Black adolescents in the Northeast were more likely to have ever used tobacco compared to those in the South (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.6-0.7, p<0.001) and Midwest (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.5-0.7, p<0.001). White adolescents in the Northeast were less likely to use tobacco products than in other regions. Peer influences (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2, p<0.05) were uniquely associated with ever use among Black adolescents. Access to tobacco in the home (OR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.4-3.0, p<0.001) and thinking that tobacco use would help reduce stress (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.6, p<0.01) were uniquely associated with current use among Black adolescents. CONCLUSIONS There are significant Black-White differences in the factors associated with tobacco use. Factors uniquely associated with Black adolescent tobacco use should be considered in developing strategies to prevent adolescent tobacco use in Black communities.
Patterns of Cigarette Use Among Black and White Adolescents
American Journal on Addictions, 1995
The autbors comparedpeer and familial correlates of smoking among black and non-Hispanic white teenagers. Some earlier scbool-based studies suggested tbat black teem are predominately peer-driven smokers and not especially influenced by parental smoking bebavior. Using national and California-based survey data, tbe autbors applied logistic regression analysis to corroborate earlier researcb indicating, among botb samples of black teens, tbat smoking was signifi'cantly associated witb baving best friends and siblings who smoke, and parental smoking did not correlate significantly witb smoking. For the non-Hispanic wbite subsamples, tbe evidence was less clear. Logistic regression data also sbowed adolescent smoking primarily as a peer-and sibling-influenced activity. (American Journal on Addictions 1995; 4215-225) revious research has repeatedly dem-P onstrated two important correlates of adolescent smoking: 1) smoking prevalence is higher in families where parents themselves smoke;'-3 and 2) peer smoking represents a powerful influence on desire both to initiate and maintain regular patterns of tobacco use! Yet two studies done exclusively among black teenagers, one of which was carried out re~ently,~'~ failed to find an association between parents' smoking and their teenagers' smoking behavior. On the basis of these results, Botvin and associates recommended that smoking cessation efforts among black teens be focused primarily on the resistance to peer and older-sibling influences.6 A primary concern prompting the present inquiry-that the two previously mentioned studies were carried out exclusively among inner-city black youth and were derived from school-based samples. Research results recommending particular kinds of smoking prevention and cessation programs should ideally be broad-based, representing suburban and rural black
Cigarette Smoking Among Low-Income African Americans
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005
Background-This study examines the current prevalence of cigarette smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked in a community-based sample of 1021 low-income African-American men and women.
Causes of the Decline in Cigarette Smoking Among African American Youths From the 1970s to the 1990s
American Journal of Public Health, 2011
Adult cigarette smoking prevalence trends among African Americans (AAs) and Whites are similar. However, during the decline in youth smoking that occurred between the mid-1970s and the early 1990s, the drop in smoking rates among AA adolescents was more than double that among Whites. We examined the evidence for potential explanations for this phenomenon. On the basis of our findings, we propose that racial differences in parental attitudes, religious ties, negative perceptions and experiences of the health effects of smoking, worsening poverty, increased use of food stamps, and price sensitivity were major factors contributing to the more rapid decrease in and continued lower rates of smoking among AA youths.
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2013
introduction: A growing body of research documents racial/ethnic disparities in U.S. cigarette smoking. To date, however, few studies have examined the influence of nativity, in addition to race/ethnicity, on current and ever use of cigarettes as well as other tobacco products among young adults. Here, racial/ethnic and nativity disparities in tobacco use and self-identified smoking status are documented for U.S. women and men aged 18-34, both unadjusted and adjusted for socioeconomic status. Methods: The Legacy Young Adult Cohort Study (N = 3,696) was used to examine gender-specific tobacco use and smoking status differences among foreign-born Hispanics, U.S.-born Hispanics, U.S.-born non-Hispanic Blacks, and U.S.-born non-Hispanic Whites. Prevalence estimates and multivariable models of ever tobacco use, current tobacco use, and self-identified smoking status were calculated. results: U.S.-born Hispanics, Blacks, and Whites exhibit the highest levels of ever and current use across a range of tobacco products, whereas foreign-born Hispanics, particularly women, exhibit the lowest ever and current use of most products and are least likely to describe themselves as smokers. Controlling for socioeconomic covariates, current tobacco use is generally lower for most minority groups relative to Whites. Social or occasional smoking, however, is higher among U.S.-born Hispanics and Blacks. conclusions: The high level of tobacco use among U.S.-born young adults foreshadows substantial tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in the coming decades. Foreign-born Hispanic young adults, particularly women, exhibit the lowest levels of tobacco use. Future studies of tobacco use must differentiate racial/ethnic groups by nativity to better understand patterns of tobacco use. intrOdUctiOn Cigarette smoking among U.S. youth and young adults remains one of the greatest public health and social issues of our time. Each day, close to 4,000 American youth smoke their first cigarette and nearly 1,000 youth become regular smokers (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). As a result of continued tobacco use by many of these early initiators and later initiation among other young adults, 34% of U.S. young adults aged 18-25 reported being current cigarette smokers in 2010 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). Young adulthood represents a critical life-course stage in which long-term tobacco use habits are often established. The health, mortality, and economic consequences of regular cigarette smoking are enormous, tragic, and well documented (Fenelon & Preston, 2012; Muennig, Fiscella, Tancredi, & Franks, 2010; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). Reducing tobacco use during youth and young adulthood is essential to avert these tremendous harms. Understanding the public health challenges and consequences of cigarette smoking necessitates that heterogeneity in use patterns be well documented and understood. This is particularly important with regard to race/ethnicity, given the rapidly changing U.S. population composition (Humes,
A survey of smoking and quitting patterns among black Americans
American Journal of Public Health, 1989
A sample of adult Black policyholders of the nation's largest Black-owned life insurance company was surveyed in 1986 to add to limited data on smoking and quitting patterns among Black Americans, and to provide direction for cessation initiatives targeted to Black smokers. Forty per cent of 2,958 age-eligible policyholders for whom current addresses were available returned a completed questionnaire. Population estimates for smoking status agree closely with national estimates for Blacks age 21-60 years: 50 per cent never-smokers; 36 per cent current smokers; 14 per cent ex-smokers. Current and ex-smokers reported a modal low-rate/high nicotine Address reprint requests to C.