A survey of smoking and quitting patterns among black Americans (original) (raw)
Related papers
Characteristics and patterns of Black & Mild use among African American smokers
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2015
Introduction: Increased consumption of little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs) among late adolescent and young adult African American smokers is an emerging public health concern. Despite a growing body of epidemiological evidence, there is scant research on systematic variations in LCC use among young adult African Americans. This study aimed to disaggregate African American Black & Mild (B&M) smokers and to identify subgroups of cigarillo smokers' behaviors and associated characteristics. Methods: Using telephone screening data for a NIH-funded clinical laboratory study of toxicant exposure associated with B&M use, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify 331 African American B&M smokers' based on daily use, average daily consumption, preference for flavors, preference for product design tips, and product modification behaviors. Results: Results showed five classes, three of which (Daily-Hypers, Daily-Flavored, and Heavy-Daily-Hypers) reflected daily use and average daily consumption rate ranging between 2.7 and 8.9 B&M cigarillos per day. Non-Daily-Hypers and Non-Daily-Flavored classes represented non-daily use patterns and averaged less than 1.0 B&M cigarillo per day. Both sets of classes defined by daily users and non-daily users included smokers who preferred flavored tobacco and who practiced product modification techniques involving hyping and blunting. Conclusions: Latent class analysis is a useful method to detect subtle differences in B&M product preferences and smoking behaviors among African Americans. Study findings highlight the importance of developing tailored interventions that consider within group differences in order to reduce the prevalence of cigarillo smoking among those with the greatest burden. Implications: The current study is the first to identify unique subgroups of African American B&M smokers based on cigarillo use behaviors and associated characteristics. Latent class analyses may prove useful for understanding other subgroups of tobacco users. Current findings concerning patterns of LCC use illustrate how future tobacco cessation and prevention interventions may be tailored for African American smokers.
National Surveys and Tobacco Use Among African Americans: A Review of Critical Factors
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016
Beginning in the 1970s, US national surveys showed African American youth having a lower prevalence of cigarette smoking than white youth. Yet, during adulthood, African Americans have a smoking prevalence comparable to white adults. Data sources chosen can contribute in different ways to understanding tobacco use behaviors among African American youth and adults; this article is a review of national and/or state-based health surveys to examine their methodology, racial and ethnic classifications, and tobacco-use related measures. Eleven national and/or state based surveys were selected for review. Eight surveys were multitopic and included questions on tobacco use and three surveys were tobacco specific. Survey methods included telephone (4), household (3), and school (4). Three major characteristics examined for each survey were: (1) survey design and methods, (2) racial and ethnic background classification, and (3) selected tobacco smoking questions. Within these three characteri...
Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 2015
To examine disparities and changes over time in the population-level distribution of smokers along a cigarette quitting continuum among African American smokers compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Secondary data analyses of the 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2008 California Tobacco Surveys (CTS). The CTS are large, random-digit-dialed, population-based surveys designed to assess changes in tobacco use in California. The number of survey respondents ranged from n = 6,744 to n = 12,876 across CTS years. Current smoking behavior (daily or nondaily smoking), number of cigarettes smoked per day, intention to quit in the next 6 months, length of most recent quit attempt among current smokers, and total length of time quit among former smokers were assessed and used to recreate the quitting continuum model. While current smoking rates were significantly higher among African Americans compared with non-Hispanic Whites across all years, cigarette consumption rates were lower among African Americans in...
Cigarette Smoking Among Low-Income African Americans
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005
Background-This study examines the current prevalence of cigarette smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked in a community-based sample of 1021 low-income African-American men and women.
Preventive Medicine, 2000
Many studies on cessation interventions and self-quitting have been conducted, but few have focused on African Americans. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the available studies and make recommendations for future research. Articles published from 1988 to 1998 were collected using Medline and other data bases, as well as personal communication. Studies were divided into two categories: evaluations of specific cessation interventions and examinations of self-quit behaviors and related factors. Studies were tabulated using author/year, study design/sample size, variables/results, and comments. In the intervention studies, church-based programs may provide an effective location for cessation interventions, but the studies to date did not demonstrate unequivocal effectiveness. In clinic programs, there do not appear to be any interventions that are particularly effective. In community-based interventions, there were no differences for African and Caucasian Americans. With regard to self-quitting, sociodemographic variables were similarly related to cessation as in the general population, as were smoking history variables. All other categories did not contain enough information for firm conclusions to be drawn. There are some interventions that appear to be useful, but little information is available on self-quitting. More research is needed on the natural history of quitting, on the social norms for smoking among African American groups, and on the conceptual dimensions of race in the context of this research.
Adult tobacco use among racial and ethnic groups living in the United States, 2002-2005
Preventing chronic disease, 2008
U.S. data on adult tobacco use and the relationship between such use and tobacco-related health disparities are primarily limited to broad racial or ethnic populations. To monitor progress in tobacco control among adults living in the United States, we present information on tobacco use for both aggregated and disaggregated racial and ethnic subgroups. We used data from the nationally representative sample of adults aged 18 years or older who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health conducted 4 times during 2002-2005. We calculated 2 outcome measures: 1) use of any tobacco product (cigarettes, chewing or snuff tobacco, cigars, or pipes) during the 30 days before each survey and 2) cigarette smoking during the 30 days before each survey. The prevalence of tobacco use among adults aged 18 years or older varied widely across racial or ethnic groups or subgroups. Overall, about 3 of 10 adults living in the United States were tobacco users during the 30 days before bein...
Smoking by blacks and whites: socioeconomic and demographic differences
American Journal of Public Health, 1988
Using data from the 1985 National Health Interview Survey for persons aged 25-64 years, we controlled simultaneously for socioeconomic status (SES), demographic factors, and race in multivariate logistic regression analyses. We found that the odds of ever smoking are not higher for Blacks compared with Whites, when the other variables are controlled.
Patterns of Cigarette Use Among Black and White Adolescents
American Journal on Addictions, 1995
The autbors comparedpeer and familial correlates of smoking among black and non-Hispanic white teenagers. Some earlier scbool-based studies suggested tbat black teem are predominately peer-driven smokers and not especially influenced by parental smoking bebavior. Using national and California-based survey data, tbe autbors applied logistic regression analysis to corroborate earlier researcb indicating, among botb samples of black teens, tbat smoking was signifi'cantly associated witb baving best friends and siblings who smoke, and parental smoking did not correlate significantly witb smoking. For the non-Hispanic wbite subsamples, tbe evidence was less clear. Logistic regression data also sbowed adolescent smoking primarily as a peer-and sibling-influenced activity. (American Journal on Addictions 1995; 4215-225) revious research has repeatedly dem-P onstrated two important correlates of adolescent smoking: 1) smoking prevalence is higher in families where parents themselves smoke;'-3 and 2) peer smoking represents a powerful influence on desire both to initiate and maintain regular patterns of tobacco use! Yet two studies done exclusively among black teenagers, one of which was carried out re~ently,~'~ failed to find an association between parents' smoking and their teenagers' smoking behavior. On the basis of these results, Botvin and associates recommended that smoking cessation efforts among black teens be focused primarily on the resistance to peer and older-sibling influences.6 A primary concern prompting the present inquiry-that the two previously mentioned studies were carried out exclusively among inner-city black youth and were derived from school-based samples. Research results recommending particular kinds of smoking prevention and cessation programs should ideally be broad-based, representing suburban and rural black