Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Innovation using Statistical Analysis of Patents (original) (raw)
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Patent documents are one of the most comprehensive data sources on technology development. As such, they provide a unique source of information to analyze and monitor technological performance. Patent indicators are now used by companies and by policy and government agencies alike to assess technological progress on the level of regions, countries, domains, and even specific entities such as companies,
Patent statistics at Eurostat: Methods for regionalisation, sector allocation and name harmonisation
2011
Dear readers, I am pleased to introduce the first Eurostat Compendium of methodologies for the production and dissemination of enhanced patent statistics, aiming to monitor trends in EU Innovation policies. Innovation is one of the five cornerstones of the Europe 2020 strategy, which aims to turn the EU into a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy that delivers high levels of employment, productivity and social cohesion. Europe 2020 sets out a vision of Europe's social market economy for the 21 st century. Knowledge creation and innovation dynamics unfold within innovation systems that consist of a variety of actors, including firms, universities, entrepreneurs, and public and private research institutes. The availability of well-defined and clear indicators-covering inputs and outputs of actors on different levels of analysis-is essential to assess a system's innovative performance. Patent statistics play a central role in these efforts. They are recognised as valuable data sources for monitoring, evaluating and even forecasting technological activities. The systematic and widespread availability of patent data has spurred the development and deployment of patent-related indicators among policy-makers, researchers, and practitioners. This compendium of methodologies developed by Eurostat in the field of patent statistics contributes to the further development of indicators that are instrumental for analysis and policy development. It presents several methodological enhancements to deal with limitations in patent data sources. First, until now, no exhaustive sector allocation was available for identifying the nature of the applicant: individual, firm, university, public research organisation… Eurostat has bridged this gap by developing an exhaustive sector allocation methodology that is now made available for research and policy analysis. Second, regarding applicant names in existing patent data sources, non-uniformity is the rule rather than the exception. Therefore, name harmonisation algorithms have been developed with a considerable impact in terms of coverage, resulting in highly improved indicator accuracy. Third, regionalisation methodologies have been developed to better capture the regional dimension of technology development within the European Research Area (at EU-27 level). These enhancements allow greater efficiency and accuracy in patent indicator extractions at regional, sectoral and institutional level, and are hence a considerable step forward in monitoring innovation systems in terms of technological activities.
2002
In order to formulate firm, national or regional technology policy, it is necessary to have indicators that can measure technological competence. This paper develops a set of indicators using patent statistics to compare the "knowledge base" of individuals, laboratories, firms or nations. These indicators are then applied to the patent applications in France, Germany and the U.K. in the biotechnology sectors. The paper shows that France is lagging behind Germany and the U.K. in technology stocks (or its patent applications) in all biotechnology fields. However it is the leader in the technology network supporting the foods industry. It has a comparative advantage in terms of either technology stock counts or networks in Genetic Engineering, Pharmaceuticals, Foods, Chemicals, Cell Culture and Biocatalysis. Germany is leading in many sectors, but in all sectors in which it is a leader, it is a specialized leader, i.e. its technology networks need to be more extensive. It has...
Analysis of technological innovation based on citation information
Quality & Quantity, 2016
The paper discusses the dynamic properties of the patent network. Technological innovation occurs frequently, and predicting where it will happen is difficult because an economic system can adapt to changing technology. We construct a patent network based on the cited relations between patents and analyze the properties of the patent network from January 1976 to December 2005 by using USPTO patent data. We find that technology trends, which are calculated by our measures, are similar with historical trends of technology, showing that our measures would be useful to predict future technology relations. Also, we find that the change of similarity between patents shows meaningful results in terms of technological innovation.
2017
In this report, information is provided on business R&D expenditures and patenting structures within Key Enabling Technologies and Societal Grand Challenges. The main challenge hereby was to estimate BERD, value added and employment at the technological level of KETs and SGCs as these indicators are only available at the sectoral (NACE 2-digit) level. The employed method uses the (weighted) distribution of technology-specific patents per sector to re-allocate BERD and value added by technology fields. While the strong correlation between patents and R&D expenditures is a proof of the use of this approach for BERD, the connection between patents and value added is much smaller. For this indicator the estimated values are therefore to be cautiously interpreted. Yet, technology specific data on value added is not available. Variations across countries, could partly be taken into account by employing four country groups.