Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity Of Stem Extracts of Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew (original) (raw)
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Phytochemical Investigation of Rhamnus Triquetra and Ziziphus Oxyphylla
2013
The work embodied in this dissertation is mainly concerned with the isolation and characterization of chemical constituents from two medicinal plants such as Rhamnus triquetra and Ziziphus oxyphylla and their possible activities like antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, antibacterial, hemolytic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hepatoprotective activities of crude extracts of both plants. The isolated compounds from the present work were characterized by using various modern spectroscopic techniques. Phytochemical studies of R. triquetra had resulted in the isolation of two new source compounds, which had never been isolated so far from this investigated source. The compounds isolated for the first time from R. triquetra were Physcion (Compound no. 3) and Madagascin (Compound no. 4). The structures of these compounds were determined by IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and by comparison with the published data of the closely related compounds. The phytochemical investigation of Z. oxyphylla led to the isolation of ß-Sitosterol (Compound no. 5) and Betulinic acid (Compound no. 6) for the first time from this plant source. The structures of these compounds were determined by IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and by comparison with the published data of the closely related compounds. Essential oil of Z. oxyphylla was extracted through steam distillation and volatile components were evaluated by GC-MS analysis. About 15 components were present on chromatogram and these were identified by NIST dictionary. Both plants were subjected to proximate analysis and results obtained were: loss on drying (11.54 and 12.09%), ash values (7.98 and 7.94%) and polar extractive values i.e chloroform (4.96 and 3.68%) were more than non-polar extractive values i.e., n-Hexane (0.79 and 0.62%). The methanolic extract of both plants were dissolved in distilled water separately and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively. These organic fractions and the remaining aqueous fraction were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by different methods: 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, total phenolic contents (TPC) and ferric thiocyanate assay. The results revealed that among these fractions ethyl acetate fraction of Rhamnus triquetra showed good % inhibition of DPPH radical (92.01± 0.21) at 60µg/mL concentration, having IC 50 value of 7.59± 0.65 with total antioxidant activity (1.840± 0.08), FRAP value (2137.2± 0.58), TPC (121.5± 1.10) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (61.94± 1.17) while in Ziziphus oxyphylla, chloroform fraction showed maximum % inhibition of DPPH radical (95.01± 0.37), having IC 50 value (13.20±0.27) at 120 µg/mL concentration and also showed highest antioxidant activity (1.723±0.34), FRAP value (339.5±0.57) and TPC (55.06±1.45). The results obtained in the present study indicated that R. triquetra and Z. oxyphylla as the potential sources of natural antioxidants.
Phytochemical Evaluation of The Methanolic Extracts of Zizyphus Xylopyrus (Willd.)
In this research paper we aim to evaluate the presence of phytoconstitute of methanolic fractions of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Willd.). Root powder of the plant was extracted successively with methanol, Extract had pungent odour, showed the presence of desired phytochemicals i.e. flavonoids, tannin, phenol. Qualitative chemical tests were carried out for the methanolic extract of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Willd.). The results of the tests showed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins, phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. On the basis of all the qualitative tests performed in each extracts, methanolic extract was subjected for the further phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
Ziziphus oxyphylla": Ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2017
Ziziphus oxyphylla (ZO) is distributed mainly in tropic and warm temperate regions in the world. Pakistan owns six (06) indigenous species of genus Ziziphus out of which ZO is widely used for traditional treatment of different ailments such as diabetes, jaundice and liver diseases. The present review aims to provide in-depth and comprehensive literature overview, regarding botanical, chemical and biological characteristics of the plant alongwith phytochemical isolation and mechanistic studies to support its folklore and traditional uses. The literature search and relevant information were collected through authentic resources using data bases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct, peer reviewed articles, books and thesis. The phytochemical characterization as well as color tests confirmed the presence of diverse chemical groups presents in the plant such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins. In-vivo and in-vitro pharmacological...
Antioxidant and Antiglycating Constituents from Leaves of Ziziphus oxyphylla and Cedrela serrata
Antioxidants, 2016
Ziziphus oxyphylla and Cedrela Serrata plants have a folkloric use in Pakistan for treatments of different ailments, i.e., Jaundice, Hepatitis, Diabetes, and antimicrobial. Until now, none of the research studies have reported any phytochemical work on leaves of these two plants. This study aimed to isolate and perform phytochemical analysis in order to search for the constituent having the active role in treatment of the aforementioned ailments. A bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation procedure was used to isolate the concerned phytochemicals present in leaf extracts of Z. oxyphylla and C. serrata. The process involved the hyphenated techniques, i.e., Flash Chromatography, Semi-Preparative HPLC/DAD, UPLC/MS, and NMR in order to isolate and elucidate the structure of the phytochemicals. Seven compounds (1-7) were isolated and identified as flavonoids, more in particular glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol. They showed DPPH scavenging activity, compound 3 (isoquercitrin) being the most active one with an IC50 of 10.8 µg/mL (positive control quercetin; IC50 3.6 µg/mL). The superoxide-radical scavenging and total antioxidant (ABTS) assays indicated IC50 values ranging from 200 to 910 µg/mL and 170 to 320 µg/mL, respectively (positive control quercetin: 374 and 180 µg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, these compounds had low IC50 values for inhibition of protein glycation (AGEs inhibition), ranging from 530 to 818 µg/mL, comparable to aminoguanidine (510 µg/mL) used as a positive control. This study resulted in the identification of seven flavonoid glycosides for the first time from the leaves of Z. oxyphylla and C. serrata with antioxidative and antiglycating activities.
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014
Objective: To find a new natural source of antioxidant, the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of some secondary metabolites extracted from roots of Ziziphus lotus were evaluated. Methods: The total polyphenol contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Pyrrocatechol, catechin and cyanidin equivalents were used for these parameters. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by several in vitro systems of assays, namely DPPH radical scavenging activity method, b-Carotene Bleaching assay (BCB), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP) and Total Antioxidant capacity test (TAC). Results: The quantitative estimation showed that the roots of Z. lotus were rich in polyphenols (20.09 mg PE/g DW) and proanthocyannidins (1.56%) and they contained a small amount of flavonoids (0.02 mg CE/g DW). The most fractions exhibited high antioxidant activities, and some even showed higher potency than the standard synthetic antioxidants in some instances. In DPPH assay, all extracts had shown significant inhibition (58.535-94.730% at 1 mg/mL). In addition, the IC 50 values ranged from 0.211 to 0.816 mg/mL, compared to 0.110, 0.214, 0.214 and 0.413 mg/mL for gallic acid, tannic acid, butylated-hydroxyanisol and ascorbic acid respectively. In (BCB) assay, the extracts showed strong inhibition (55.55-100.00% at 1 mg/mL) and the IC 50 values ranging from 0.123 to 0.850 mg/mL compared to 0.433 mg/mL for gallic acid. A dose dependant curve was obtained for all extracts in the FRAP assay. However, the antioxidant potencies of ascorbic acid and extracts were comparable at low concentrations. The majority of extracts showed the highest value of antioxidant activity, based on TAC test (0.073-0.398 mg ascorbic acid / mg extract). Conclusion: The results indicate that Z. lotus roots could be an important sources of natural antioxidants.
Antioxidant Potential of Cyclopeptide Alkaloids Isolated from Zizyphus oxyphylla
Journal- Chemical Society of Pakistan
The present study reports on the antioxidant potential of five cyclopeptide alkaloids isolated from Zizyphus oxyphylla including Oxyphylline-D 1, Nummularin-C 2, Nummularin-R 3, Oxyphylline-B 4, Oxyphylline C 5 using DPPH free radical assay, nitric oxide radical assay and reducing power assay. The isolated alkaloids demonstrated marked antioxidant potential in a concentration dependent manner. Among the tested molecules, the compounds, 2 was most potent with IC50 values of 27.23, 32.03 and 22.45 µg/ml in DPPH free radical assay, nitric oxide radical assay and reducing power assay respectively.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2019
Background Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. is a plant used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso in the treatment of several diseases, of which diabetes is characterized by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of the extracts of leaves of this plant. Methods The crude hydroethanolic extract (HEE) of the leaves of Z. mauritiana and their partitionates in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate, and in the residual aqueous solution (the F1, F2, F3, and F4 fractions, respectively) were first prepared. The content of polyphenols was determined and the antioxidant effects of the extracts were evaluated by their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results The HEE as well as the F3 and F4 fractions were rich in polyphenols with contents between 58 and 84 mg equivalent gallic acid per 100 mg. The flavonoid content was 4 mg qu...
ANALYTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON ZIZYPHUS LOTUS
Phytochemicals and heavy metals analysis of Zizyphus lotus were carried out with a view to assess their therapeutic values. The results showed that the bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides, carbohydrates, phytosterols, proteins and saponins were present. The tests were performed on different extracts with different polarity; the ethyl acetate extract was the richest extract. Heavy elements concentrations in Zizyphus lotus were also investigated. The zinc concentration was found to be high; 69.18 ppm. The micronutrients levels in Zizyphus lotus was in the order: Zn > Cu > Fe > Mn. The toxic metals levels were in following order: Pb > Cd.
Potent AChE enzyme inhibition activity of Zizyphus oxyphylla: A new source of antioxidant compounds
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2015
The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant potential and enzyme inhibition of various fractions of Zizyphus oxyphylla. The plant metabolites were extracted in methanol and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively. Phytochemical screening showed presence of alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids in ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. The antioxidant potential and acetylcholine esterase assay of all these fractions and remaining aqueous fraction was evaluated by using reported methods. The results revealed that chloroform soluble fraction exhibited highest percent inhibition of DPPH radical as compared to other fractions. It showed 95.01 ± 0.37% inhibition of DPPH radical at a concentration of 120 μg/mL. The IC₅₀ of this fraction was 13.20 ± 0.27 μg/mL, relative to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, a reference standard), having IC₅₀ of 12.10 ± 0.29 μg/mL. It also showed highest total antioxidant activity i.e. 1.723 ± 0.34 as well as hi...