Identification of active compounds from lindur root plants (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) as α-glucosidase inhibitors (original) (raw)
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E3S web of conferences, 2024
Elaeocarpus mastersii King is an Indonesian folk medicine with high phenolic content. In this study, the E. mastersii King leaves were extracted using methanol solvent through maceration. The methanol extract was continuously fractionated by the liquid-liquid extraction using hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), and ethyl acetate solvents, respectively. The DCM fraction was purified by column chromatography using Silica gel 60 and Sephadex LH-20 as the stationary phase and monitored by thinlayer chromatography. This isolation process led to obtaining a pure compound with the appearance of white crystalline powder and a melting point of 198-199℃. This compound absorbed the UV light at the wavelength of 229 and 274 nm, as well as produced the bathochromic shift by the addition of NaOH reagent indicating the aromatic compound with the hydroxyl (OH) substituent. The IR spectrum confirmed the presence of aromatic and OH groups along with other functional groups, such as carbonyl (vmax 1693 cm-1) and alkane (C-H, vmax 2953 cm-1). The NMR data suggested the isolated compound as methyl gallate. Furthermore, the m/z value of the isolated compound was 185.04416 Da [M+H] +. It confirmed the monoisotopic mass of the methyl gallate (184.0362 Da). However, biological evaluation as an α-glucosidase inhibitor showed no positive activity.
International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a simple, rapid analytical technique used for the identification of organic functional groups of biomolecules. This study aimed to investigate the use of FTIR spectroscopy method for rapid detection of the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of crude extracts of edible leafy plants, characterization of functional groups of chemical components present in crude extracts, and identification of possible biomolecules responsible for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Powdered leaves of five different plants, namely Le-kola pala (LE) (Premna procumbens), Kora kaha (KK) (Memecylon umbellatum), Koppa (KO) (Polyscias scutellaria), Stevia (ST) (Stevia rebaudiana), and Yaki naran (YK) (Atlantia ceylanica) were sequentially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH). The FTIR spectra of crude plant extracts were obtained following the KBr pellet method, within the range of 4000-500 cm-1. The plant extracts were subjected to assay the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Further, the multivariate predictive models for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were developed using partial least square (PLS) regression analysis. The highest Rc 2 (0.96), Rcv 2 (0.87), Rp 2 (0.93), and the lowest RMSEC (24.10), RMSECV (41.70), and RMSEP (81.04) values were noticed for spectral region range from 1700 cm-1 to 1800 cm-1 , indicating the strongest correlation to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while the spectral region range from 1500 cm-1 to 1700 cm-1 was found to have the lowest Rc 2 (0.71), Rcv 2 (0.52), Rp 2 (0.45) and the highest RMSEC (61.14) and RMSECV (80.21), indicating the lowest correlation to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. As the peak appearing in the range of 1700-1800 cm-1 is usually ascribed to C=O stretching vibration of ester groups, ketones, and carboxylic acids, there was a strong correlation between α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with those organic functional groups. The present study suggests that FTIR spectral analysis together with PLS regression analysis would be a convenient, rapid tool to determine αglucosidase inhibitory activity of plant extracts.
Planta Medica, 2014
In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to GC-MS was applied to identify the volatile bioactive compounds in the leaves of Feijoa sellowiana growing in Tunisia. Thirty-one components were identified, representing 99.9% of the total volatiles. The major constituents were limonene (36.2%), β-caryophyllene (27.8%), aromadendrene (12.5%), and α-copaene (6.6%). Also, the F. sellowiana leaves extract (FSLE) was phytochemically characterized. Antioxidant activity was estimated by different in vitro assays, such as ABTS cation radicals scavenging, iron-chelating capability, ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, superoxide inhibition and DNA protection assay. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of FSLE were also investigated by the disc diffusion and microdilution methods. In vitro inhibition of diabetes key enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) was evaluated. The study of kinetics inhibition showed that the FSLE demonstrated a strong inhibition of both α-glucosidase (IC 50 = 8.0 ± 0.2 μg/ mL) and α-amylase (IC 50 = 70.20 ± 0.8 μg/mL) in non-competitive manner. The acute toxicity of FSLE on Wistar rats at the doses of 200, 500 and 2000 mg/kg body weight (BW) was investigated. Our findings revealed that leaves extract at such doses as up to 2000 mg/kg did not cause any signs of toxicity or deaths in rats. Based on hematological and biochemical analyses of hepato-biliary and renal functions, we concluded that the FSLE is tolerated by rats. The analgesic effect of FSLE was assayed using the acetic acid writhing test in mice. At 100 mg/ kg, the FSLE showed a higher analgesic activity (88.08 ± 0.73%) than that of acetylsalicylic acid (ASL) (62.69 ± 0.26%) used as positive control.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2009
Gambir (Uncaria gambir) and other plants belonging to the genus Uncaria have been used in traditional medicine in southeastern Asia, Africa and South America and they have been studied widely over the past century. Gambier, the dried leaf extract from gambir is known to have antioxidant properties and some studies have attributed it to the presence of tannins and condensed tannins. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of commercial gambier on the Indonesian market as a scavenger of reactive free radicals, evaluate its ability to inhibit-glucosidase and determine the bioactive compound responsible for these activities. An ethanolic extract of commercial gambier was extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts as well as the aqueous extract after ethyl acetate extraction and residue from ethanol extraction were tested for free radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). They were also tested for-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extracts were then studied using reverse phase HPLC, LCMS and NMR to identify the bioactive compound. It was observed that all the extracts had high activity for DPPH inhibition but moderate activity for inhibiting-glucosidase in vitro. Apart from the aqueous extract, 92% DPPH inhibition by the extracts was achievable at 30 g/ml. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had significantly higher (p < 0.01) DPPH inhibitory activity than the aqueous extract. IC 50 of the organic extracts and residue ranged between 13.8 to 16.2 g/ml for DPPH inhibition while that of the aqueous extract was 27.4 g/ml. With regards to-glucosidase inhibition, however, IC 50 range of 15.2 and 49.5 g/ml was recorded. Catechin was identified as the major bioactive compound present.
COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ALL PARTS OF WILD BY USING ETHANOLIC EXTRACT
Medicinal plants besides therapeutic agents are also a big source of information for a wide variety of chemical constituents which could be developed as drugs with precise selectivity. reservoirs of potentially useful chemical compounds which could serve as newer leads an modern drug design (constituents of plants are alkaloids, tannins, fla Correlation between the phytoconstituents and the bioactivity of plant is desirable to know for the synthesis of compounds with specific activities to treat various health ailment well (Pandey phytochemical screening of plants is the need of the hour in order to discover and develop novel therapeutic agents with improved efficacy. The present study deals with phytochemical tests of C. Paniculatus in presence of ethanolic extracts.
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2023
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This study was designed to apply the highly sophisticated biological and chemical characterization techniques-(GC-MS) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy to screen for bioactive phytocompounds present in ethanol and methanol extracts of U. lobata .The leaves of the plant were collected from a farm in Umuode village in Osisioma Ngwa local government area of Abia state, Nigeria. Ethanol and methanol extracts of the leaves were prepared and analyzed using Buck M910 Gas chromatography system with HP-5MS column (30m in length x250µm in diameter x 0.25µm in thickness film). Analysis of functional groups in the phytocompounds were done using Buck scientific M530 USA FTIR.12 vibrational functional groups were revealed by the FTIR screening in the ethanol and methanol extracts of U. lobata leaves. Some of the functional groups were indicative of alcohols, phenols, aromatic compounds, unsaturated hydrocarbons, vinyl ethers, amines, isonitriles and aliphatic compounds. GC-MS analysis of the ethanol leaf extract revealed 41 bioactive compounds with the following being most abundant, 9-octadecenoic acid(16.8%), dodecenoic acid(13.43%),n-hexadecanoic acid(11.73%), octadecanoic acid (9.78%), 1docosene(9.57%) while the methanol extract revealed 47 bioactive compounds with the following having the highest abundance, n-hexadecanoic acid (26.65%) and (9.11%), dodecanoic acid(6.89%), 1-docosene(6.06%), erucic acid(4.09%).These phytocompounds and many others present in the leaf have been reported to possess multiple therapeutic activities. This therefore explains the use of this leaf in ancient medicine to treat numerous disease conditions. It further implies that the leaf could be exploited for the formulation of therapeutic molecules.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2006
Formulations of traditional medicines are usually made up of complex mixture of herbs. However, effective quality control methods in order to select right quality materials are lacking. Though Piper longum is a widely used herb in several Ayurvedic formulations prescribed for various diseases, there is no analytical method in the literature so far which can help in selecting the right quality material with proper proportions of the active ingredients (␣-glucosidase-I enzyme inhibitory principles). We employed a systematic bioassay guided fractionation method and isolated pipataline, pellitorine, sesamin, brachystamide B and guineensine as active principles. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to quantify these active principles in the plant material, which can serve as an effective quality control tool. The separation was carried out using a Discovery HS F5 C-18 (ODS) column and the solvent system used was a gradient comprising of (A) acetonitrile and (B) water with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection was performed using a PDA detector. Regression equation pertaining to all the bioactive isolates revealed a linear relationship (r 2 > 0.9995). The detection limits (S/N = 3) ranged from 0.005 to 0.001 g/ml. Of all the active isolates, sesamin was identified to be present in maximum quantities (0.91%) where as brachystamide B was found in minimum quantity (0.01%).
2018
This study serves to explore the chemical constituents of Azadirachta indica and Mangifera indica as a possible alternative sources of conventional antibiotics. Ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Mangifera indica stem bark were analysed for their chemical constituents. Phytochemical values for (Tannins, Oxalate, Phytate, Terpenoids, Trypsin inhibitor, Total Phenol, Total Carotenoids, Total Carotene Carotenes, Xanthophyll, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins and Antioxidant (DPPH Scanvenger) were revealed. The result were subjected to Studentized T-test as contained in SAS (1999). The result showed that all secondary metabolites analyzed were present in the bark of the two plant species studied but at different concentrations. The concentration of Tannin (1510.00 mg/kg), Oxalate (139.20 mg/kg), Phytate (15.55 mg/kg), Trypsin inhibitor (730.00 mg/kg), Flavonoids (78.50) and Saponins (17.71%) contents of Mango stem bark were found to be more than in Azadirachta indica. However, A...
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024
This study was aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds present in extracts from Tagetes erecta (flower) and Tridax procumbens (whole plant). The air-dried plant parts were powdered and extracted using ethanol. The extracts were then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis revealed the presence of 36 compounds in the ethanolic extract of Tagetes erecta and 31 compounds in Tridax procumbens. Ten compounds (Stigmasterol, alpha-Amyrin, Tetradecanoic acid (Myristic acid), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, Ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z)-(Linolenic acid), Ethyl tridecanoate (Tridecanoic acid), dl-alpha-Tocopherol, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (Quercetin) and Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy were identified commonly in both plant ethanolic extract. Some of these compounds have been reported to be pharmacologically active. Based on these findings, and considering that plants are commonly used to prevent or treat various diseases, it is clear that these plants contain many active compounds. These compounds could be utilized in developing plant-based drugs.