Effect of Reactor Temperature on Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Medical Waste in a Fixed Bed Reactor (original) (raw)
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Biofuel Production by Pyrolysis of Cassava Peel in a Fixed Bed Reactor
International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment, 2016
The lethargic modes of medical waste disposal in many developing countries have been a cause of concern to many regulatory agencies. In this study, effect of reactor temperature on pyrolysis of lignocellulosic medical waste in a fixed bed reactor was investigated. Gauze bandage was procured from AKOL Pharmacy, Ogbomoso, SouthWestern Nigeria. Samples of the gauze bandage, 40 g each at a time, were fed into a retort and the retort inserted into a developed fixed bed reactor for pyrolysis at different temperatures (300, 400, 500 and 600 o C) with a residence time of 15 minutes. Tar, gas and char yields were weighed using an electronic balance (WT20002T, RS232C) and were further expressed in percentage of the initial weight of the sample. Results showed that tar and gas yields increased with increasing reactor temperature while char yield decreased with it. Both intraand extra-particle secondary reactions were insignificant and therefore could not influence the yield spectra of products. The highest yield of tar, gas and char were 52.08, 28.42 and 52.7%, respectively while the lowest yield were respectively 30.50, 16.80 and 19.50%. Lignocellulosic medical waste can be a viable source of biofuels and raw materials respectively for sustainable development and for chemical industries.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 2022
This study deals with a preliminary investigation of biomass samples' physicochemical, structural composition, and thermal properties to aid the appropriate selection of biomass utilized for pyrolysis operation. The proximate, ultimate, structural composition and thermal analyses were conducted using seven lignocellulose biomass samples obtained in Ajase market, Ajasse Ipo, Kwara State, Nigeria, and Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. Results showed that the average moisture contents (MC) ranged from 0.12 to 0.44%, and volatile matter (VM) ranged from 73.70 to 83.82%. Fixed carbon (FC) varied from 12.79 to 22.80%, and Ash contents varied between 01.20 to 5.52%. Similarly, the average carbon contents ranged from 45.11 to 50.00%. Hydrogen contents ranged from 5.38 to 6.15%, nitrogen contents varied between 0.20 to 1.24%, and oxygen contents from 43.79 to 48.51%. Also, sulphur contents varied between 0.01 to 0.19%, while the biomass species' average cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents ranged from 28.34 to 45.80%, 25.83 to 34.01%, and 21.96 to 49.63% respectively. The high percentage of VM, C, H, HHV, ignitability index, cellulose, and hemicellulose content recorded in the biomass samples would enhance devolatilization reactivity, ignitability, and burn gases in the reactor, as well as a good production of hydrocarbons content during the pyrolysis process. Also, the low ash content would prevent harmful chemical deposits in the reactor during the pyrolysis process. It can be deduced that shea butter wood was best suited for biofuel generation, closely followed by sugarcane bagasse and palm kernel shell. At the same time, corn cobs possessed the least properties for the pyrolysis process.
Renewable Energy, 2020
The bio-waste slow pyrolysis process is assessed by four indicators to determine its energetic, exergetic, economic and environmental performance. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature (300e800 C) on these parameters, but also on the biochar, bio-oil and gas production, is analysed. The biochar yield decreased 10.5% and the gas yield increased 17.2% between 300 and 800 C. The bio-oil yield increased about 2.1% between 300 and 500 C and decreased about 8% between 500 and 800 C. Within the temperature range 300e800 C, the H 2 , CO and CH 4 molar fractions increased 51.4, 6.6 and 0.3%, respectively. CO 2 content decreased about 58.3%. The exergy efficiency varied between 81.16 and 85.33% in this temperature range. The exergy-based economic factor revealed that 15.38e19.16% of the total cost was associated with the exergy destruction. The environmental impact was lower at higher temperatures. The recommended temperature range is 300e400 C to produce biochar, and temperatures of over 700 C to produce gas. When the interest focus is on the bio-oil, it is recommended to work close to 500 C.
Recovery of Pyrolytic Oil from Thermal Pyrolysis of Medical Waste
Журнал інженерних наук, 2018
In this paper, potential of beneficial products recovery was investigated from plastic medical waste (PMW) by pyrolysis process. Disposable plastic is one of the chief items in the medical waste. High density polyethylene and Polypropylene is the main component of several PMW. These plastics have a higher latent as hydrocarbons sources for chemical industry. Pyrolysis of PMW was accomplished at a temperature range of 200-300 °C in a batch reactor make up of stainless steel. The chemical and physical properties of the pyrolysis liquid were much closer to the commercial fuel like diesel, petrol etc. The density is 840 kg/m3, the gross calorific value is 4.13•10 4 kJ/kg flash point is 39 °C in produces pyrolytic oil. This liquid can be used as alternative sources of fuel.
Waste Management, 2020
In this study, pyrolysis of residual biomass from the agro-alimentary industry of Argentina was investigated. The studied biomasses were rice husk, peanut shell and wheat straw. The effect of pyrolysis temperature over solid (bio-char), liquid (bio-oil) and gas (bio-gas) fractions weight yields were evaluated for each biomass, in the range of 350-650°C. The maximum yield of bio-oil was obtained at 550°C for rice husk (45 wt%) and wheat straw (58 wt%), and at 500°C for peanut shells (51 wt%). At those temperatures, the data recorded the smallest spread around the mean. Different characterization techniques of raw biomass were reported, namely, thermal behavior; proximate and ultimate analysis; content of Ca, Al, K, Si and Fe; and hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin composition. Bio-oils characterization included water content and chemical compounds identification. Furthermore, bio-char HHV and BET surface area were measured. Rice husk bio-oil showed 21% selectivity towards furans of which 75% corresponded to furfural and 5-HMF. Peanut shell bio-char presented the highest Higher Heating Value (7250 kcal/kg) and BET surface area (215 m 2 /g). In addition, co-pyrolysis reactions and the synergistic effects over obtained products completed this study. Co-pyrolysis bio-oils yields varied between 41 and 46 wt%, for all the mixtures. Bio-oil water content decreased up to 15% for rice husk mixed with peanut shell or wheat straw. Moreover, 5-HMF was detected in all bio-oils, and furfural selectivity was higher than 5% in the three mixtures investigated.
Bioresources
The aim of this work was to thermally characterize the renewable lignocellulosic bioresources derived from palm trees in order to highlight their energy potential. Pyrolysis and combustion behaviours of date stones (DS) agricultural by-products were tested by thermo-gravimetric analysis, and the main chemical compositions were analyzed. The work has also been conducted to identify their most important physical characteristics. The study of the sizes and heating rate effects constitute the first part of the experimental work. Inert atmosphere and three heating rates: 10, 20, and 50 °C/min, were applied to various particle sizes of DS. In the second part, tests were carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere (21% O 2 ) by varying the size of the DS. The kinetic parameters such as pre-exponential factor and activation energy were determined. Increasing the particle sizes and the heating rates didn't have an appreciable influence on the global weight losses. However, degradation rates were significant with the porous structure of the DS. Weight losses in inert and oxidizing atmospheres were found to occur in two stages (drying and devolatilization) and in three stages (drying, devolatilization, and oxidation of the char).
Bioresources
Abstract The aim of this work was to thermally characterize the renewable lignocellulosic bioresources derived from palm trees in order to highlight their energy potential. Pyrolysis and combustion behaviours of date stones (DS) agricultural by-products were tested by thermo-gravimetric analysis, and the main chemical compositions were analyzed. The work has also been conducted to identify their most important physical characteristics. The study of the sizes and heating rate effects constitute the first part of the experimental work. Inert atmosphere and three heating rates: 10, 20, and 50 °C/min, were applied to various particle sizes of DS. In the second part, tests were carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere (21% O2) by varying the size of the DS. The kinetic parameters such as pre-exponential factor and activation energy were determined. Increasing the particle sizes and the heating rates didn’t have an appreciable influence on the global weight losses. However, degradation rate...
Medical Waste Treatment Technologies for Energy, Fuels, and Materials Production: A Review
Energies
The importance of medical waste management has grown during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increase in medical waste quantity and the significant dangers of these highly infected wastes for human health and the environment. This innovative review focuses on the possibility of materials, gas/liquid/solid fuels, thermal energy, and electric power production from medical waste fractions. Appropriate and promising treatment/disposal technologies, such as (i) acid hydrolysis, (ii) acid/enzymatic hydrolysis, (iii) anaerobic digestion, (vi) autoclaving, (v) enzymatic oxidation, (vi) hydrothermal carbonization/treatment, (vii) incineration/steam heat recovery system, (viii) pyrolysis/Rankine cycle, (ix) rotary kiln treatment, (x) microwave/steam sterilization, (xi) plasma gasification/melting, (xii) sulfonation, (xiii) batch reactor thermal cracking, and (xiv) torrefaction, were investigated. The medical waste generation data were collected according to numerous researchers from vario...
E3S Web of Conferences
Biomass pyrolysis is an advanced process which leads to obtaining products as chars, primary tars and gases. Depending on pyrolysis conditions and reactor construction, the pyrolysis could be divided into three categories: slow, intermediate and fast. This work concerns the experimental analysis of an intermediate pyrolysis of biomass residues in a fixed bed reactor. As raw materials, pine bark and wheat straw were selected. Experiments were carried out at three temperatures: 400, 500 and 600 °C under constant volume flow rate of inert gas equal to 100 ml/min. Biomass samples were kept for 150 seconds in the hot zone. The main goal was to compare yields, elemental composition, and calorific values of received products under studied process conditions. The ultimate analysis of chars and organic fractions of oils was performed. Obtained results from ultimate analysis allowed to determine higher heating values by a theoretical correlation. The products of pyrolysis obtained at 600 °C c...
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