Cure rate of S. haematobium infection using ??? in right rural communities in southern Ghana (original) (raw)
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Efficacy of Praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium in Dulshatalo village, western Ethiopia
BMC Research Notes, 2013
Background: Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for treatment of all human schistosomes. It is used in population based targeted or mass deworming strategies in several countries. The effect of PZQ on S. hematobium has not been studied in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of PZQ against S. haematobium in Dulshatalo village, western Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from October to December, 2007. Urine samples from 341 residents were collected and screened for haematuria and proteinuria using urinalysis dipstick. S. haematobium eggs were detected and quantified using filtration techniques. The participants who were positive for haematuria were treated with a standard dose of PZQ (40 mg/kg). Data on pre and 24 hours post treatment symptoms were collected via questionnaire. Urine samples were also collected 7 weeks after treatment and examined to assess the cure and the egg reduction rates. Results: The prevalence of S. haematobium among the study participants was 57.8% (197/341). Haematuria was detected in 234 (68.6%) of the study participants. For PZQ efficacy asessment, 152 of the treated participants were considered. The presence of S. haemetaobium eggs showed statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with haematuria and proteinuria. Seven weeks post treatment, the extent of haematuria and proteinuria decreased from 100% to 40.8% and 94.07% to 48.7%, respectively. The cure and the parasitological egg reduction rates seven weeks post treatment were 86% and 85%, respectively. Post treatment symptoms revealed a wide range of side effects including straining, abdominal pain, nausea and headache. Conclusions: There were marked cure and egg reduction rates, together with mild and short lived side effects of PZQ for treatment of S. haematobium, in this study.
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2014
Schistosomiasis is a chronic debilitating infection due to Schistosoma species belonging to parasitic trematode worms. It continues to threaten millions of people, particularly the rural poor in the developing countries. A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasis among dwellers of Wasai dam in Minjibir, Kano State and to evaluate efficacy of single dose of Parazoquantel. A total of 402 people in four selected villages residing around the study area were screened for the present or absence of Shistosoma haematobium ova and efficacy of single dose Parazoquantel was evaluated. Eggs of S. haematobium were examined using urine concentration sedimentation technique. The overall prevalence of the infection was 61.9% and Mean Eggs Per cubic Centilitre (EPC) of 31.8% were recorded. Males were more infected (67.9%) than females (54.8%). Cure rate in the present study was 97.9%. There was significant difference between mean EPC and cure rate (p<0.05). This study concludes that Parazoquantel is still highly efficacious at a single dose for the treatment of S. haematobium infection.
ptat.thaigov.net
he effect of Schistosoma haematobium infection on the nutritional status of pupils in selected rural communities of Osun State was investigated. The rural communities were Iloko-Ijesa and Aye-Oba. In total 349 male and 345 female students aged 4-20 years at selected schools in the communities were screened. Urine samples from each subject were collected in a clean bottle between 10:00 AM and 2:00 PM. Samples were later analyzed for presence and intensity of infection with S. haematobium. Nutritional anthropometric parameters of weight, height and age of each subject were taken to determine the nutritional status using the Z-score values. Among the 694 screened students, the prevalences of infection in Iloko-Ijesa and Aye-Oba were 0% and 29.6%, respectively. Among the 115 positive cases, the prevalence of infection was higher among females (31%) than males (28.1%). Although infection was common among the 6-15 years old, the prevalence declined with increasing age. A significant difference (χ 2 = 20.49, p < 0.05) in the prevalence of infection among the different age groups was seen. Heavy and light infections were seen in 40.9% and 59.1% respectively. In Iloko-Ijesa, 7.2% of students were underweight, 3.3% had wasting and 16.4% had stunting. In Aye-Oba, 17.7% were underweight, 1.3% had wasting and 19.8% had stunting. Nutritional status was not significantly different between sexes (t = 0.348, p > 0.05) but was significantly different among the age groups (χ 2 = 34.95, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between S. haematobium infection and anthropometric/nutritional status. Findings are compared with other parts of the world.
Parasitology …, 2000
Epidemiological studies on urinary schistosomiasis were carried out in eight villages in the Ga and Akuapem South districts in Ghana. Single urine samples were collected from individuals aged 5 years and above between 10.00 and 14.00 h. The samples were examined for the presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs using a filtration technique. Indirect morbidity was determined as the presence of microhaematuria and proteinuria using reagent strips, and Ž . macrohaematuria was recorded with the naked eye. Out of the study population of 3912 subjects, 2562 65.5% submitted urine samples. The prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection ranged between 54.8 and 60.0%. Infection rates increased by age with a peak in the 10᎐19 years category, and decreased with increasing age. Disease Ž . Ž prevalence was higher in males aged 15 years and above in Areas 2 Ntoaso and Sansami Amanfro and 3 Dom . Faase, Papase, Chento and Gidi Kope , whereas it was higher among males aged 10 years and above in Area 1 Ž . Ayikai Doblo and Akramaman . The intensity of infection was highest among children aged 10᎐14 years in most of Ž the villages. More than half of egg-positive children in this age group had heavy infection 100 eggs and above in 10
ABSTRACT In a survey to ascertain the current status of Urinary schistosomiasis in four(4) communities (Amerikpoko, Anyu, Obedum, and Odau)• in Abua/Odual LGA of Rivers State, Nigeria, a total number of 275 urine samples were collected from consented individuals in the communities.• The samples were tested with Combi '9' reagent strip for haematuria and examined microscopically for Schistosome ova. A total of 49 samples (17.82%) were found to harbor the ova. Among the communities, Odau has the highest prevalence rate of 25.93% with 21 out of the 81 urine samples collected testing positive for Schistosomiasis followed by Amerikpoko which has 16 samples testing positive for Schistosomiasis (16.16%). Obedum has a prevalence of 14.00% while Anyu was the least with a prevalence of 11.11%. There was a high prevalence of 34.21% among males and 18.60% among the females in Odau compared to other communities; Amerikpoko followed with 17.00% prevalence for males and 15.20% prevalence for females; Obedum 13.80%( males) and 14.30%(females) and Anyu - 18.52% (males) and 0% (females). It was found that age group 11 - 16yrs had the highest prevalence while age group 1-5yrs recorded the least with 2.86%. Forty-two (42) samples out of the total 275 samples (15.27%) tested positive for haematuria. Odau recorded the highest number of urine samples with haematuria having 20 positive samples (24.69%) out of a total of 81 collected from the community, Amerikpoko followed with 17.17%, Anyu with 13.33% and Obedum 12.00%. The infection sites were identified and two vector species of snail (Bulinus forskalii and Bulinus globosus) were. high in abundance at the sites. The academic performance of the students was analyzed but there was no significant impact of the disease on their academic performance.
World Rural Observation, 2015
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among pupils (aged 6-13 years) of Community Primary School, Amagunze in Nkanu East LGA, Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of two hundred (200) urine samples were randomly collected from the pupils (87 males and 113 females). The urine samples were collected in the month of August, 2013 into sterile urine containers and were examined microscopically in the laboratory using string sedimentation technique. Hematuria was assessed using chemical reagent strip (medi-test combi-9 sticks). The overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection was 11 (5.5%); with 7 (8.0%) cases for males and 4 (3.5%) for females but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Prevalence rate was also observed to be higher among age group of 10-13 years with 4 (6.5%) compared to age group of 6-9 years with7 (5.1%), but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P ˂ 0.05) between the pupils who were positive for schistosomiasis (11) and those who presented with hematuria (21). However, there was no close association between hematuria and the presence of eggs of S. haematobium in the urine. Hematuria gave a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 93% when compared to microscopy. The results of the findings show that the disease is endemic in the area under study. It is thus, recommended that control programs be organized in the state that would be geared towards creating awareness amongst the people and reducing the rate of infection.
PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM INFECTION IN GHANA: A RETROSPECTIVE CASE STUDY IN KUMASI
In Ghana, urinary schistosomiasis was considered a public health problem in the rural communities only. Recent reports are pointing to the resurgence of this infection in urban and peri-urban settlements. In this study, the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection presenting at Kumasi South Hospital (surrounded by Atonsu, Gyinyaase and Ahinsan communities) and Aninwa Medical Centre (surrounded by Boadi, Ayeduase, Emena, Appiadu and Kokoben) were investigated in retrospect to determine whether S. haematobium infection rate difference was consistent over time and also to compare the prevalent rates of the infection between these two community hospitals. The available records of patients referred for urinalysis between 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Prevalence of S. haematobium infection at Kumasi South Hospital (an urban poor community) was 40.2% whilst Aninwa Medical Centre (a peri-urban settlement) recorded 4.5%. The infection was higher among males (66.4%) than the females (33.6 %) at both hospitals and a general pattern of 3-year peaks of the infection was observed. Our findings have indicated that the urban poor communities around Kumasi South Hospital are seriously affected by S. haematobium infection as compared to Aninwaah Medical Centre. Economic, agricultural and recreational activities of these communities living around the banks of River Susan in addition to lack of good household water might account for the high risk of the infection in the urban poor communities in the catchment areas of the Kumasi South Hospital.
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2018
A study was carried out to determine prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasis among two villages located along Hadejia valley in Jigawa State, Nigeria. A total of 125 urine sample from people residing in each of the two villages (Yamidi and Shawara), were screened for the presence or absence of S. haematobium eggs. Urine sample were screened using Concentration Sedimentation Technique. The overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection in Yamidi was 76.8% with mean Eggs per cubic Centiliter (EPC) of 2.9, and in Shawara the overall prevalence was 77.6% with mean EPC of 3.4. Males were found to be more infected than female in both the two villages. People aged 1 to 5 years have highest prevalence of the infection in both the two villages than people among older age group. People with haematuria have highest prevalence of 95.1% and mean EPC of 6.0 than people without haematuria that have lower prevalence of 72.0% and mean EPC of 3.4.There was no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between the infection and presence or absence of haematuria. This study has established that urinary schistosomiasis is endemic in the study area.
2011
A study was carried out to determine the efficacy of praziquantel (PZQ) against S haematabium, in Ezza North Local Goveernment Area of Ebonyi State from January through March 2009. Of the combined total of 812 pupils examined, 375 (46.18%, 95% confidence interval (C.I.), 42.6- 49.4%) were positive for S. haematobium. Children (n = 310) infected with S. haematobium received a single treatment with praziquantel (40mg/kg) and 300 were re – examined after five weeks post-treatment. Cure rate at three weeks post-treatment were high (> 69.00). There were no significant differences in cure rate between the three schools, sex and age (P < 0.05). The remaining 31% that was not cured could be as a result of either that worms were killed very slowly, non-compliance to treatment, drug resistance, or more likely that eggs continued to be released from tissues after the death of adult worms. Since children were in contact with transmission sites during the study period, the result suggested...